目的运用行为生态学模式管理手卫生。方法自2016年1月-6月,在某三级综合医院持续采取针对手卫生的多方面干预措施,此前、后各三个月分别为干预前期(2015年10月-2015年12月)和干预后期(2016年7月-2016年9月),本研究应用WHO推荐的"...目的运用行为生态学模式管理手卫生。方法自2016年1月-6月,在某三级综合医院持续采取针对手卫生的多方面干预措施,此前、后各三个月分别为干预前期(2015年10月-2015年12月)和干预后期(2016年7月-2016年9月),本研究应用WHO推荐的"医疗机构手卫生自我评价系统",用于测量手卫生的系统性管理水平,通过记录比较干预前期、干预期和干预后期的数据,并参考其提示的系统性管理缺陷的线索,改善手卫生管理工作;分析手卫生的依从性、医院感染率及多药耐药菌检出率等医院感染管理指标的变化规律。结果 "医疗机构手卫生自我评价系统"平均值为379.5分,其中干预前期为367.5分,属于"尚可";干预期和干预后期的得分均属于"优秀";10名观察人员在2015年10月-2016年9月随机观察706名医务人员的手卫生执行情况,依从率为99.1%;手卫生依从率与医院感染率及6种多药耐药菌检出率间无相关性;按照回归方程中决定系数(coefficient of determination)的大小排序,手卫生依从率决定医院感染率的系数最大(0.55),决定耐碳青霉烯类铜绿假单胞菌(CRPA)检出率的系数为0.35、耐碳青霉烯类抗菌药物的肠杆菌科细菌(CRE)为0.29、其余均<0.1。结论教育和培训及多学科合作是改善手卫生管理的重要组成部分,但是陈旧的手卫生设施等客观因素阻碍了手卫生的管理效果。展开更多
Background:About 10%of patients get a surgical-site infection(SSI)after radical gastrectomy for gastric cancer,but SSI remains controversial among surgeons.The aim of this study was to explore the risk factors for SSI...Background:About 10%of patients get a surgical-site infection(SSI)after radical gastrectomy for gastric cancer,but SSI remains controversial among surgeons.The aim of this study was to explore the risk factors for SSIs after radical gastrectomy in patients with gastric cancer to guide clinical therapies and reduce the incidence of SSI.Methods:The study was a retrospective cohort study in patients who underwent radical gastrectomy for gastric cancer.SSI was defined in accordance with the National Nosocomial Infection Surveillance System.We evaluated patient-related and peri-operative variables that could be risk factors for SSIs.The Chi-squared test and logistic regression analysis were used to assess the association between these risk factors and SSI.Results:Among the 590 patients,386 were men and 204 were women.The mean age was 56.6(28-82)years and 14.2%(84/590)of these patients had an SSI.Among them,incisional SSI was observed in 23 patients(3.9%)and organ/space SSI in 61 patients(10.3%).Multivariate logistic regression analysis identified sex(odds ratios[ORs]=2.548,and 95%confidence interval[CI]:1.268-5.122,P=0.009),total gastrectomy(OR=2.327,95%CI:1.352-4.004,P=0.002),albumin level(day 3 after surgery)<30 g/L(OR=1.868,95%CI:1.066-3.274,P=0.029),and post-operative total parenteral nutrition(OR=2.318,95%CI:1.026-5.237,P=0.043)as independent risk factors for SSI.Conclusions:SSI was common among patients after radical gastrectomy for gastric cancer.The method supporting post-operative nutrition and the duration of prophylactic antibiotics may be important modifiable influencing factors for SSI.展开更多
Neutron-sensitive microchannel plates(nMCPs)have applications in neutron detection,including energy spectrum measurements,neutron-induced cross sections,and neutron imaging.10B-doped MCPs(B-MCPs)have attracted signifi...Neutron-sensitive microchannel plates(nMCPs)have applications in neutron detection,including energy spectrum measurements,neutron-induced cross sections,and neutron imaging.10B-doped MCPs(B-MCPs)have attracted significant attention owing to their potential for exhibiting a high neutron detection efficiency over a large neutron energy range.Good spatial and temporal resolutions are useful for neutron energy-resolved imaging.However,their practical applications still face many technical challenges.In this study,a B-MCP with 10 mol%10B was tested for its response to wide-energy neutrons from eV to MeV at the Back-n white neutron source at the China Spallation Neutron Source.The neutron detection efficiency was calibrated at 1 eV,which is approximately 300 times that of an ordinary MCP and indicates the success of 10 B doping.The factors that caused the reduction in the detection efficiency were simulated and discussed.The neutron energy spectrum obtained using B-MCP was compared with that obtained by other measurement methods,and showed very good consistency for neutron energies below tens of keV.The response is more complicated at higher neutron energy,at which point the elastic and nonelastic reactions of all nuclides of B-MCP gradually become dominant.This is beneficial for the detection of neutrons,as it compensates for the detection efficiency of B-MCP for high-energy neutrons.展开更多
Purpose This study aimed at exploring the application of trauma time axis management in the treatment of severe trauma patients by using the Medicalsystem trauma system.Methods We performed a retrospective cohort stud...Purpose This study aimed at exploring the application of trauma time axis management in the treatment of severe trauma patients by using the Medicalsystem trauma system.Methods We performed a retrospective cohort study involving patients with severe trauma.Patients who were admitted before the application of the Medicalsystem trauma system were divided into before system group;patients who were admitted after the application of the system were divided into after system group.Comparison was made between the two groups.For normally distributed data,means were reported along with standard deviation,and comparisons were made using the independent samples t test.Categorical data were compared using the Chi-square test.The Mann-Whitney U test was used to compare nonparametric variables.Results There were 528 patients admitted to the study during the study period.There was no significant statistical difference in the time from the start of trauma team to arrive at the resuscitation room between the two groups.The time from arrival at hospital to endotracheal intubation,to ventilator therapy,to blood transfusion,to completion of CT scan,to completion of closed thoracic drainage,to the start of operation,as well as the length of stay in resuscitation room and hospital were significantly lower after the application of the Medicalsystem trauma system.The mortality was decreased by 8.6%in the after system group compared with that in the before system group,but there was no statistical difference.Conclusion The Medicalsystem trauma system can optimize diagnosis and treatment process for trauma patients,and accordingly improve the treatment efficiency and shorten the treatment time.Therefore,the Medicalsystem trauma system deserves further popularization and promotion.展开更多
文摘目的运用行为生态学模式管理手卫生。方法自2016年1月-6月,在某三级综合医院持续采取针对手卫生的多方面干预措施,此前、后各三个月分别为干预前期(2015年10月-2015年12月)和干预后期(2016年7月-2016年9月),本研究应用WHO推荐的"医疗机构手卫生自我评价系统",用于测量手卫生的系统性管理水平,通过记录比较干预前期、干预期和干预后期的数据,并参考其提示的系统性管理缺陷的线索,改善手卫生管理工作;分析手卫生的依从性、医院感染率及多药耐药菌检出率等医院感染管理指标的变化规律。结果 "医疗机构手卫生自我评价系统"平均值为379.5分,其中干预前期为367.5分,属于"尚可";干预期和干预后期的得分均属于"优秀";10名观察人员在2015年10月-2016年9月随机观察706名医务人员的手卫生执行情况,依从率为99.1%;手卫生依从率与医院感染率及6种多药耐药菌检出率间无相关性;按照回归方程中决定系数(coefficient of determination)的大小排序,手卫生依从率决定医院感染率的系数最大(0.55),决定耐碳青霉烯类铜绿假单胞菌(CRPA)检出率的系数为0.35、耐碳青霉烯类抗菌药物的肠杆菌科细菌(CRE)为0.29、其余均<0.1。结论教育和培训及多学科合作是改善手卫生管理的重要组成部分,但是陈旧的手卫生设施等客观因素阻碍了手卫生的管理效果。
基金Supportive foundations:Medical and Health Science and Technology Innovation Project of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences(No.2016-12M-1-007)China Interna-tional Medical Exchange Foundation Xiansheng Anti-Tumor Therapy Special Research Fund(No.cimf-f-h001-314).
文摘Background:About 10%of patients get a surgical-site infection(SSI)after radical gastrectomy for gastric cancer,but SSI remains controversial among surgeons.The aim of this study was to explore the risk factors for SSIs after radical gastrectomy in patients with gastric cancer to guide clinical therapies and reduce the incidence of SSI.Methods:The study was a retrospective cohort study in patients who underwent radical gastrectomy for gastric cancer.SSI was defined in accordance with the National Nosocomial Infection Surveillance System.We evaluated patient-related and peri-operative variables that could be risk factors for SSIs.The Chi-squared test and logistic regression analysis were used to assess the association between these risk factors and SSI.Results:Among the 590 patients,386 were men and 204 were women.The mean age was 56.6(28-82)years and 14.2%(84/590)of these patients had an SSI.Among them,incisional SSI was observed in 23 patients(3.9%)and organ/space SSI in 61 patients(10.3%).Multivariate logistic regression analysis identified sex(odds ratios[ORs]=2.548,and 95%confidence interval[CI]:1.268-5.122,P=0.009),total gastrectomy(OR=2.327,95%CI:1.352-4.004,P=0.002),albumin level(day 3 after surgery)<30 g/L(OR=1.868,95%CI:1.066-3.274,P=0.029),and post-operative total parenteral nutrition(OR=2.318,95%CI:1.026-5.237,P=0.043)as independent risk factors for SSI.Conclusions:SSI was common among patients after radical gastrectomy for gastric cancer.The method supporting post-operative nutrition and the duration of prophylactic antibiotics may be important modifiable influencing factors for SSI.
基金supported by the Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(No.2023A1515030074)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.12035017)。
文摘Neutron-sensitive microchannel plates(nMCPs)have applications in neutron detection,including energy spectrum measurements,neutron-induced cross sections,and neutron imaging.10B-doped MCPs(B-MCPs)have attracted significant attention owing to their potential for exhibiting a high neutron detection efficiency over a large neutron energy range.Good spatial and temporal resolutions are useful for neutron energy-resolved imaging.However,their practical applications still face many technical challenges.In this study,a B-MCP with 10 mol%10B was tested for its response to wide-energy neutrons from eV to MeV at the Back-n white neutron source at the China Spallation Neutron Source.The neutron detection efficiency was calibrated at 1 eV,which is approximately 300 times that of an ordinary MCP and indicates the success of 10 B doping.The factors that caused the reduction in the detection efficiency were simulated and discussed.The neutron energy spectrum obtained using B-MCP was compared with that obtained by other measurement methods,and showed very good consistency for neutron energies below tens of keV.The response is more complicated at higher neutron energy,at which point the elastic and nonelastic reactions of all nuclides of B-MCP gradually become dominant.This is beneficial for the detection of neutrons,as it compensates for the detection efficiency of B-MCP for high-energy neutrons.
基金This work was supported by China Scholarship Council(CSC NO.202006920081)Jiangsu Provincial Medical Youth Talent,China(QNRC2016724)+1 种基金Natural Science Research of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions of China(18KJB320016)Basic Research on Medical and Health Application of the People’s Livelihood Science and Technology Project of Suzhou Science and Technology Bureau(SYS2020102).
文摘Purpose This study aimed at exploring the application of trauma time axis management in the treatment of severe trauma patients by using the Medicalsystem trauma system.Methods We performed a retrospective cohort study involving patients with severe trauma.Patients who were admitted before the application of the Medicalsystem trauma system were divided into before system group;patients who were admitted after the application of the system were divided into after system group.Comparison was made between the two groups.For normally distributed data,means were reported along with standard deviation,and comparisons were made using the independent samples t test.Categorical data were compared using the Chi-square test.The Mann-Whitney U test was used to compare nonparametric variables.Results There were 528 patients admitted to the study during the study period.There was no significant statistical difference in the time from the start of trauma team to arrive at the resuscitation room between the two groups.The time from arrival at hospital to endotracheal intubation,to ventilator therapy,to blood transfusion,to completion of CT scan,to completion of closed thoracic drainage,to the start of operation,as well as the length of stay in resuscitation room and hospital were significantly lower after the application of the Medicalsystem trauma system.The mortality was decreased by 8.6%in the after system group compared with that in the before system group,but there was no statistical difference.Conclusion The Medicalsystem trauma system can optimize diagnosis and treatment process for trauma patients,and accordingly improve the treatment efficiency and shorten the treatment time.Therefore,the Medicalsystem trauma system deserves further popularization and promotion.
