Black phosphorus(BP)is a rapidly up and coming star in two-dimensional(2D)materials.The unique characteristic of BP is its in-plane anisotropy.This characteristic of BP ignites a new type of 2D materials that have low...Black phosphorus(BP)is a rapidly up and coming star in two-dimensional(2D)materials.The unique characteristic of BP is its in-plane anisotropy.This characteristic of BP ignites a new type of 2D materials that have low-symmetry structures and in-plane anisotropic properties.On this basis,they offer richer and more unique low-dimensional physics compared to isotropic 2D materials,thus providing a fertile ground for novel applications including electronics,optoelectronics,molecular detection,thermoelectric,piezoelectric,and ferroelectric with respect to in-plane anisotropy.This article reviews the recent advance in characterization and applications of in-plane anisotropic 2D materials.展开更多
AIM: To explore the anti-fibrotic effect of a traditional Chinese medicine, compound rhodiola sachalinensis A Bor on CCl4-induced liver fibrosis in rats and its probable molecular mechanisms. METHODS: Ninety healthy m...AIM: To explore the anti-fibrotic effect of a traditional Chinese medicine, compound rhodiola sachalinensis A Bor on CCl4-induced liver fibrosis in rats and its probable molecular mechanisms. METHODS: Ninety healthy male SD rats were randomly divided into three groups: normal group (n=-10), treatment group of compound rhodiola sachalinensis A Bor (n=-40) and CCl4-induced model group (n=40). The liver fibrosis was induced by CCl4 subcutaneous injection. Treatment group was administered with compound rhodiola sachalinensis A Bor (0.5 g/kg) once a day at the same time. Then the activities of several serum fibrosis-associated enzymes: alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase (β-NAG) and the levels ofserum procollagen Ⅲ (PCⅢ), collagen Ⅳ (CⅣ), hyaluronic acid （HA） were assayed. The histooathol(mical chanaes were observed with HE, VG and Masson stain. The expression of TGF-β1 mRNA,αl (I) mRNA and Na+/Ca2+ exchanger (NCX ) mRNA was detected by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) in situ.RESULTS: Compound rhodiola sachalinensis A Bor significantly reduced serum activities of ALT, AST, β-NAG and decreased the levels of PCⅢ, CⅣ, HA, improved the liver histopathological changes, inhibited the expression of TGF-β1 mRNA, α(1) mRNA and Na+/Ca2+ exchanger mRNA in rats. CONCLUSION: Compound rhodiola sachalinensis A Bor can intervene in CCI4-induced liver fibrosis in rats, in which potential mechanisms may be decreasing the production of TGF-β1, reducing the production of collagen, preventing the activation of hepatic stellate cell (HSC) and inhibiting theexpression of TGF-β1 mRNA, αl(I) mRNA and Na+/Ca2+ exchanger mRNA.展开更多
AIM： To examine the role of Fibrinogen-like protein 2 （fgl2）/fibroleukin in tumor development. Fgl2 has been reported to play a vital role in the pathogenesis in MHV-3 （mouse hepatitis virus） induced fulminant an...AIM： To examine the role of Fibrinogen-like protein 2 （fgl2）/fibroleukin in tumor development. Fgl2 has been reported to play a vital role in the pathogenesis in MHV-3 （mouse hepatitis virus） induced fulminant and severe hepatitis, spontaneous abortion, allo- and xenograft rejection by mediating ＂immune coagulation＂.METHODS： Tumor tissues from 133 patients with six types of distinct cancers and the animal tumor tissues from human hepatocellular carcinoma （HCC） model on nude mice （established from high metastasis HCC cell line MHCC97LM6） were obtained. RESULTS： HfgI2 was detected in tumor tissues from 127 out of 133 patients as well as tumor tissues collected from human HCC nude mice. Hfgl2 was highly expressed both in cancer cells and interstitial inflammatory cells including macrophages, NK cells, and CD8^＋ T lymphocytes and vascular endothelial cells. HfgI2 mRNA was localized in cells that expressed hfgI2 protein. Fibrin （nogen） colocalization with hfgl2 expression was determined by dual immunohistochemical staining. In vitro, IL-2 and IFN-γ, increased hfgl2 mRNA by 10-100 folds and protein expression in both THP-1 and HUVEC cell lines. One-stage clotting assays demonstrated that THP-1 and HUVEC cells expressing hfgl2 had increased procoagulant activity following cytokines stimulation. CONCLUSION： The hfgI2 contributes to the hypercoagulability in cancer and may induce tumor angiogenesis and metastasis via cytokine induction.展开更多
结合空气质量监测站小时监测数据、NECP资料、卫星遥感资料,分析了2017年5月3—5日华北地区一次典型沙尘重污染天气过程.结果表明,此次重污染过程主要由前期的浮尘和后期的扬沙天气造成.前期,蒙古气旋强烈发展将沙尘源地的沙尘抽吸到空...结合空气质量监测站小时监测数据、NECP资料、卫星遥感资料,分析了2017年5月3—5日华北地区一次典型沙尘重污染天气过程.结果表明,此次重污染过程主要由前期的浮尘和后期的扬沙天气造成.前期,蒙古气旋强烈发展将沙尘源地的沙尘抽吸到空中并在偏西风作用下,长距离传输到华北地区沉降,造成大范围浮尘天气,多个城市出现严重污染,PM_(10)浓度增高显著.后期,随着高空横槽转竖并东移,受强冷锋影响,京津等地出现大风扬沙天气,大风过后,空气质量转好,PM_(10)浓度降低至较低水平.起沙源地高空辐散、近地面辐合产生强烈的上升运动将沙尘带到空中并向东传输至华北上空,近地面处于弱辐散场,高空的沙尘缓慢下沉,形成了浮尘天气;高空槽东移,高空辐合,近地面辐散,700 h Pa至近地面为强烈下沉运动,是形成此次扬沙天气的主要原因.结合天气形势分析和特征量诊断,给出了华北地区此次浮尘和扬沙天气的天气学概念模型.展开更多
With the development of neuroscience, substantial advances have been achieved in peripheral nerve regeneration over the past decades. However, peripheral nerve injury remains a critical public health problem because o...With the development of neuroscience, substantial advances have been achieved in peripheral nerve regeneration over the past decades. However, peripheral nerve injury remains a critical public health problem because of the subsequent impairment or absence of sensorimotor function. Uncomfortable complications of peripheral nerve injury, such as chronic pain, can also cause problems for families and society. A number of studies have demonstrated that the proper functioning of the nervous system depends not only on a complete connection from the central nervous system to the surrounding targets at an anatomical level, but also on the continuous bilateral communication between the two. After peripheral nerve injury, the interruption of afferent and efferent signals can cause complex pathophysiological changes, including neurochemical alterations, modifications in the adaptability of excitatory and inhibitory neurons, and the reorganization of somatosensory and motor regions. This review discusses the close relationship between the cerebral cortex and peripheral nerves. We also focus on common therapies for peripheral nerve injury and summarize their potential mechanisms in relation to cortical plasticity. It has been suggested that cortical plasticity may be important for improving functional recovery after peripheral nerve damage. Further understanding of the potential common mechanisms between cortical reorganization and nerve injury will help to elucidate the pathophysiological processes of nerve injury, and may allow for the reduction of adverse consequences during peripheral nerve injury recovery. We also review the role that regulating reorganization mechanisms plays in functional recovery, and conclude with a suggestion to target cortical plasticity along with therapeutic interventions to promote peripheral nerve injury recovery.展开更多
Background The association between increased serum uric acid （SUA） levels and cardiovascular risk has been debated for decades. Several large studies have provided conflicting results regarding the clinical signific...Background The association between increased serum uric acid （SUA） levels and cardiovascular risk has been debated for decades. Several large studies have provided conflicting results regarding the clinical significance of elevated SUA levels in cardiovascular disease （CVD） or cerebrovascular disease. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between SUA and CVD and all-cause mortality and their potential diagnostic value. Methods A total of 3570 in-patients ranging in age from 56 to 95 years （mean （67.36_＋11.36） years） were selected from 20 hospitals in Beijing and Shanghai. A carefully designed questionnaire was used to gather baseline data of each patient All patients were divided into two main groups according to their SUA levels： high SUA and normal SUA groups. Serum indices and other important parameters were measured. Results Compared with normal SUA group, high SUA group had significant difference in systolic blood pressure （SBP）, total cholesterol （TC）, triglyceride （TG）, high density lipoprotein cholesterol （HDL-C）, body mass index （BMI）, and age （P 〈0.05 or P 〈0.01）. High SUA prevailed in female and patients with history of essential hypertension, while history of smoking and diabetes showed no significant difference between two groups. All-cause and CVD mortality occurred more frequently in high SUA group than in normal SUA group. In the accumulative survival analysis, high SUA group had lower survival rate than normal SUA group both in CVD and all-cause mortality. COX regression analysis indicated that the history of smoking, age and high SUA were independent risk factors for the development of CVD. Conclusions These preliminary observations suggest that patients with high SUA levels would face higher risk of mortality. SUA measurement may be applied as a routine predictor for clinical assessment.展开更多
In China, rural settlements are usually multifunctional complex of natural societies and they also play important productive function. This study explored the spatiotemporal evolution of the productive function of thr...In China, rural settlements are usually multifunctional complex of natural societies and they also play important productive function. This study explored the spatiotemporal evolution of the productive function of three rural settlements, i.e.,Hetaoyuan, Dawengshan, and Gaoqiao, in the Yimeng Mountain in Shandong province of eastern China.Residents lived in this three types of rural settlements were all involved in agricultural production(i.e., grain threshing, drying and storage), which had remained dominant in Hetaoyuan. Dawengshan became an industrial-oriented settlement, while Gaoqiao became a commercial-oriented settlement. This evolution was reflected in the livelihood strategy changes of rural households and the transition of rural settlements changes. The choice of livelihood strategy was affected by the livelihood assets and policies, which resulted in the spatiotemporal evolution of the productive function of rural settlements. This study can provide references for the implementation and adjustment of rural residential land consolidation policies and the improvement of production and the quality of rural life in future.展开更多
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.21825103 and 51727809)the National Basic Research Foundation of China(Grant No.2015CB932600)the Project Funded by China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(Grant No.2017M610474,2016M600589,and 2017T100552).
文摘Black phosphorus(BP)is a rapidly up and coming star in two-dimensional(2D)materials.The unique characteristic of BP is its in-plane anisotropy.This characteristic of BP ignites a new type of 2D materials that have low-symmetry structures and in-plane anisotropic properties.On this basis,they offer richer and more unique low-dimensional physics compared to isotropic 2D materials,thus providing a fertile ground for novel applications including electronics,optoelectronics,molecular detection,thermoelectric,piezoelectric,and ferroelectric with respect to in-plane anisotropy.This article reviews the recent advance in characterization and applications of in-plane anisotropic 2D materials.
基金the Tenth-Five Year Plan of Medical Science Foundation of Chengdu Military Command,No.01A009
文摘AIM: To explore the anti-fibrotic effect of a traditional Chinese medicine, compound rhodiola sachalinensis A Bor on CCl4-induced liver fibrosis in rats and its probable molecular mechanisms. METHODS: Ninety healthy male SD rats were randomly divided into three groups: normal group (n=-10), treatment group of compound rhodiola sachalinensis A Bor (n=-40) and CCl4-induced model group (n=40). The liver fibrosis was induced by CCl4 subcutaneous injection. Treatment group was administered with compound rhodiola sachalinensis A Bor (0.5 g/kg) once a day at the same time. Then the activities of several serum fibrosis-associated enzymes: alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase (β-NAG) and the levels ofserum procollagen Ⅲ (PCⅢ), collagen Ⅳ (CⅣ), hyaluronic acid （HA） were assayed. The histooathol(mical chanaes were observed with HE, VG and Masson stain. The expression of TGF-β1 mRNA,αl (I) mRNA and Na+/Ca2+ exchanger (NCX ) mRNA was detected by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) in situ.RESULTS: Compound rhodiola sachalinensis A Bor significantly reduced serum activities of ALT, AST, β-NAG and decreased the levels of PCⅢ, CⅣ, HA, improved the liver histopathological changes, inhibited the expression of TGF-β1 mRNA, α(1) mRNA and Na+/Ca2+ exchanger mRNA in rats. CONCLUSION: Compound rhodiola sachalinensis A Bor can intervene in CCI4-induced liver fibrosis in rats, in which potential mechanisms may be decreasing the production of TGF-β1, reducing the production of collagen, preventing the activation of hepatic stellate cell (HSC) and inhibiting theexpression of TGF-β1 mRNA, αl(I) mRNA and Na+/Ca2+ exchanger mRNA.
基金The Natural Science Foundation of China,NSFC (30672380,30571643)National Key Basic Research Program of China (2007CB512900,2005CB522901,2005CB522507)11th Five-Year Plan Key Project (2006BAI05A07)
文摘AIM： To examine the role of Fibrinogen-like protein 2 （fgl2）/fibroleukin in tumor development. Fgl2 has been reported to play a vital role in the pathogenesis in MHV-3 （mouse hepatitis virus） induced fulminant and severe hepatitis, spontaneous abortion, allo- and xenograft rejection by mediating ＂immune coagulation＂.METHODS： Tumor tissues from 133 patients with six types of distinct cancers and the animal tumor tissues from human hepatocellular carcinoma （HCC） model on nude mice （established from high metastasis HCC cell line MHCC97LM6） were obtained. RESULTS： HfgI2 was detected in tumor tissues from 127 out of 133 patients as well as tumor tissues collected from human HCC nude mice. Hfgl2 was highly expressed both in cancer cells and interstitial inflammatory cells including macrophages, NK cells, and CD8^＋ T lymphocytes and vascular endothelial cells. HfgI2 mRNA was localized in cells that expressed hfgI2 protein. Fibrin （nogen） colocalization with hfgl2 expression was determined by dual immunohistochemical staining. In vitro, IL-2 and IFN-γ, increased hfgl2 mRNA by 10-100 folds and protein expression in both THP-1 and HUVEC cell lines. One-stage clotting assays demonstrated that THP-1 and HUVEC cells expressing hfgl2 had increased procoagulant activity following cytokines stimulation. CONCLUSION： The hfgI2 contributes to the hypercoagulability in cancer and may induce tumor angiogenesis and metastasis via cytokine induction.
文摘结合空气质量监测站小时监测数据、NECP资料、卫星遥感资料,分析了2017年5月3—5日华北地区一次典型沙尘重污染天气过程.结果表明,此次重污染过程主要由前期的浮尘和后期的扬沙天气造成.前期,蒙古气旋强烈发展将沙尘源地的沙尘抽吸到空中并在偏西风作用下,长距离传输到华北地区沉降,造成大范围浮尘天气,多个城市出现严重污染,PM_(10)浓度增高显著.后期,随着高空横槽转竖并东移,受强冷锋影响,京津等地出现大风扬沙天气,大风过后,空气质量转好,PM_(10)浓度降低至较低水平.起沙源地高空辐散、近地面辐合产生强烈的上升运动将沙尘带到空中并向东传输至华北上空,近地面处于弱辐散场,高空的沙尘缓慢下沉,形成了浮尘天气;高空槽东移,高空辐合,近地面辐散,700 h Pa至近地面为强烈下沉运动,是形成此次扬沙天气的主要原因.结合天气形势分析和特征量诊断,给出了华北地区此次浮尘和扬沙天气的天气学概念模型.
基金supported by the Key Laboratory of Trauma and Neural Regeneration (Peking University),Ministry of Education of China,No. BMU2020XY005-03National Natural Science Foundation of China,No. 31771322+2 种基金Beijing Science&Technology New Star Cross Project of China,No. 201819Major R&D Program of National Ministry of Science and Technology of China,No. 2018YFB1105504a grant from National Center for Trauma Medicine,Beijing,China,No. BMU2020XY005-01 (all to PXZ)。
文摘With the development of neuroscience, substantial advances have been achieved in peripheral nerve regeneration over the past decades. However, peripheral nerve injury remains a critical public health problem because of the subsequent impairment or absence of sensorimotor function. Uncomfortable complications of peripheral nerve injury, such as chronic pain, can also cause problems for families and society. A number of studies have demonstrated that the proper functioning of the nervous system depends not only on a complete connection from the central nervous system to the surrounding targets at an anatomical level, but also on the continuous bilateral communication between the two. After peripheral nerve injury, the interruption of afferent and efferent signals can cause complex pathophysiological changes, including neurochemical alterations, modifications in the adaptability of excitatory and inhibitory neurons, and the reorganization of somatosensory and motor regions. This review discusses the close relationship between the cerebral cortex and peripheral nerves. We also focus on common therapies for peripheral nerve injury and summarize their potential mechanisms in relation to cortical plasticity. It has been suggested that cortical plasticity may be important for improving functional recovery after peripheral nerve damage. Further understanding of the potential common mechanisms between cortical reorganization and nerve injury will help to elucidate the pathophysiological processes of nerve injury, and may allow for the reduction of adverse consequences during peripheral nerve injury recovery. We also review the role that regulating reorganization mechanisms plays in functional recovery, and conclude with a suggestion to target cortical plasticity along with therapeutic interventions to promote peripheral nerve injury recovery.
文摘Background The association between increased serum uric acid （SUA） levels and cardiovascular risk has been debated for decades. Several large studies have provided conflicting results regarding the clinical significance of elevated SUA levels in cardiovascular disease （CVD） or cerebrovascular disease. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between SUA and CVD and all-cause mortality and their potential diagnostic value. Methods A total of 3570 in-patients ranging in age from 56 to 95 years （mean （67.36_＋11.36） years） were selected from 20 hospitals in Beijing and Shanghai. A carefully designed questionnaire was used to gather baseline data of each patient All patients were divided into two main groups according to their SUA levels： high SUA and normal SUA groups. Serum indices and other important parameters were measured. Results Compared with normal SUA group, high SUA group had significant difference in systolic blood pressure （SBP）, total cholesterol （TC）, triglyceride （TG）, high density lipoprotein cholesterol （HDL-C）, body mass index （BMI）, and age （P 〈0.05 or P 〈0.01）. High SUA prevailed in female and patients with history of essential hypertension, while history of smoking and diabetes showed no significant difference between two groups. All-cause and CVD mortality occurred more frequently in high SUA group than in normal SUA group. In the accumulative survival analysis, high SUA group had lower survival rate than normal SUA group both in CVD and all-cause mortality. COX regression analysis indicated that the history of smoking, age and high SUA were independent risk factors for the development of CVD. Conclusions These preliminary observations suggest that patients with high SUA levels would face higher risk of mortality. SUA measurement may be applied as a routine predictor for clinical assessment.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.41671519 and 41771560)
文摘In China, rural settlements are usually multifunctional complex of natural societies and they also play important productive function. This study explored the spatiotemporal evolution of the productive function of three rural settlements, i.e.,Hetaoyuan, Dawengshan, and Gaoqiao, in the Yimeng Mountain in Shandong province of eastern China.Residents lived in this three types of rural settlements were all involved in agricultural production(i.e., grain threshing, drying and storage), which had remained dominant in Hetaoyuan. Dawengshan became an industrial-oriented settlement, while Gaoqiao became a commercial-oriented settlement. This evolution was reflected in the livelihood strategy changes of rural households and the transition of rural settlements changes. The choice of livelihood strategy was affected by the livelihood assets and policies, which resulted in the spatiotemporal evolution of the productive function of rural settlements. This study can provide references for the implementation and adjustment of rural residential land consolidation policies and the improvement of production and the quality of rural life in future.
