Water harvesting is one of main measures to solve water shortage resulting from less precipitation and erratically seasonal dis- tribution in arid and semi-arid areas. Different types of anti-infiltration treatments i...Water harvesting is one of main measures to solve water shortage resulting from less precipitation and erratically seasonal dis- tribution in arid and semi-arid areas. Different types of anti-infiltration treatments including mechanical and chemical to micro-catchment and their runoff efficiencies had been reported. This paper, through 5 years experiment from 1992 to 1996, is aimed at studying the im- pacts of microcatchment water-harvesting system (MCWHS) with microphytic crust treatment on afforestation on semi-arid Loess Plateau. The results showed that after 3 years of crust inoculation, crust had covered majority of MCWHS and the function of water harvesting had also been demonstrated partially, there were significant difference in soil moisture of shallow soil layer in three typical spring stages be- tween crust cover and control treatments (0.05 level), and about 0.9%-6.04% increase of monthly mean soil moisture within 1m soil layer in spring of late 3 years. The impact of severe spring drought can be alleviated effectively. In the meanwhile, as crust developed on the treated surface, there are significant differences (0.05 level) for tree height (H), diameter at breast height (DBH) and diameter at ground level (DGL) at the end of the study period (1996) with the increases by 22.38%, 17.34%, and 20.49% respectively compared with the con- trol treatment. Microphytic crust, as one of biological infiltration-proof materials, may become the optimized option for revegetation in Chinese Great West Development Strategy due to its self-propagation, non-pollution to water qualities, long use duration and relatively cost effective. Further work should be focused on the selection of endemic crust species and their batch-culture in arid environment.展开更多
To respond to the changes in the m arket rapidly, the workshop has become an ever-changing dynamic environment in regard to personnel change and organization alternation, etc. Therefore it is ne cessary to reconfigu...To respond to the changes in the m arket rapidly, the workshop has become an ever-changing dynamic environment in regard to personnel change and organization alternation, etc. Therefore it is ne cessary to reconfigure the workshop system. In this paper, we present the point of view that the closer the relations are among elements in the system, the clos er they should be connected with each other when they are integrated in designin g and structural modeling of the workshop system. At first, this paper discusses the relationship among elements in the workshop system and events describing th e relationship, and provides a technical overview of the expression, definition and classification of relationship. This paper focuses on the steps and algorith m to evaluate the degree of closeness of relations among elements in systems, an d emphasizes the modeling methods for workshop reconfiguration by use of a fuzzy cluster. In light of the above steps and methods, types and contents of basic r elationships among elements should be determined, and a standard relation tree s hould be set up. Then, correlation coefficients are calculated by the standard r elation tree, and a fuzzy relation matrix is built up. After that, the structure modeling of the workshop equipment system can be completed through a fuzzy clus ter. The paper ends with an application of a FMS(Flexible Manufactuing System) f unction system modeling. Results of the modeling and calculations are presented.展开更多
文摘Water harvesting is one of main measures to solve water shortage resulting from less precipitation and erratically seasonal dis- tribution in arid and semi-arid areas. Different types of anti-infiltration treatments including mechanical and chemical to micro-catchment and their runoff efficiencies had been reported. This paper, through 5 years experiment from 1992 to 1996, is aimed at studying the im- pacts of microcatchment water-harvesting system (MCWHS) with microphytic crust treatment on afforestation on semi-arid Loess Plateau. The results showed that after 3 years of crust inoculation, crust had covered majority of MCWHS and the function of water harvesting had also been demonstrated partially, there were significant difference in soil moisture of shallow soil layer in three typical spring stages be- tween crust cover and control treatments (0.05 level), and about 0.9%-6.04% increase of monthly mean soil moisture within 1m soil layer in spring of late 3 years. The impact of severe spring drought can be alleviated effectively. In the meanwhile, as crust developed on the treated surface, there are significant differences (0.05 level) for tree height (H), diameter at breast height (DBH) and diameter at ground level (DGL) at the end of the study period (1996) with the increases by 22.38%, 17.34%, and 20.49% respectively compared with the con- trol treatment. Microphytic crust, as one of biological infiltration-proof materials, may become the optimized option for revegetation in Chinese Great West Development Strategy due to its self-propagation, non-pollution to water qualities, long use duration and relatively cost effective. Further work should be focused on the selection of endemic crust species and their batch-culture in arid environment.
文摘To respond to the changes in the m arket rapidly, the workshop has become an ever-changing dynamic environment in regard to personnel change and organization alternation, etc. Therefore it is ne cessary to reconfigure the workshop system. In this paper, we present the point of view that the closer the relations are among elements in the system, the clos er they should be connected with each other when they are integrated in designin g and structural modeling of the workshop system. At first, this paper discusses the relationship among elements in the workshop system and events describing th e relationship, and provides a technical overview of the expression, definition and classification of relationship. This paper focuses on the steps and algorith m to evaluate the degree of closeness of relations among elements in systems, an d emphasizes the modeling methods for workshop reconfiguration by use of a fuzzy cluster. In light of the above steps and methods, types and contents of basic r elationships among elements should be determined, and a standard relation tree s hould be set up. Then, correlation coefficients are calculated by the standard r elation tree, and a fuzzy relation matrix is built up. After that, the structure modeling of the workshop equipment system can be completed through a fuzzy clus ter. The paper ends with an application of a FMS(Flexible Manufactuing System) f unction system modeling. Results of the modeling and calculations are presented.
