The responses of soil microbes to global warming and nitrogen enrichment can profoundly affect terrestrial ecosystem functions and the ecosystem feedbacks to climate change.However,the interactive effect of warming an...The responses of soil microbes to global warming and nitrogen enrichment can profoundly affect terrestrial ecosystem functions and the ecosystem feedbacks to climate change.However,the interactive effect of warming and nitrogen enrichment on soil microbial community is unclear.In this study,individual and interactive effects of experimental warming and nitrogen addition on the soil microbial community were investigated in a long-term field experiment in a temperate steppe of northern China.The field experiment started in 2006 and soils were sampled in 2010 and analyzed for phospholipid fatty acids to characterize the soil microbial communities.Some soil chemical properties were also determined.Five-year experimental warming significantly increased soil total microbial biomass and the proportion of Gram-negative bacteria in the soils.Long-term nitrogen addition decreased soil microbial biomass at the 0-10 cm soil depth and the relative abundance of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in the soils.Little interactive effect on soil microbes was detected when experimental warming and nitrogen addition were combined.Soil microbial biomass positively correlated with soil total C and N,but basically did not relate to the soil C/N ratio and pH.Our results suggest that future global warming or nitrogen enrichment may significantly change the soil microbial communities in the temperate steppes in northern China.展开更多
Background: Unpredictable difficult laryngoscopy (DL) remains a challenge for anesthesiologists, especially when difficult ventilation occurs during standard laryngoscopy. Accurate airway assessment should always be p...Background: Unpredictable difficult laryngoscopy (DL) remains a challenge for anesthesiologists, especially when difficult ventilation occurs during standard laryngoscopy. Accurate airway assessment should always be performed, but the common airway assessment methods only perform superficial screening. Thus, the deep laryngopharyngeal anatomy may not be evaluated. Ultrasound-based airway assessment has been recently proposed as a useful, simple, and non-invasive bedside tool as an adjunct to clinical methods, which may facilitate identification of DL. The present study aimed to determine the correlation between ultrasound-measured indicators and DL. Methods: Patients undergoing elective surgery under general anesthesia with tracheal intubation were enrolled. Ultrasonic airway assessments were performed before anesthesia induction. Ultrasound diagnostic indicators included the thickness and width of the base of the tongue, the angle between the epiglottis and glottis, the length of the thyrohyoid membrane, and the thickness of the lateral pharyngeal wall. A score of ≥3 in the Modified Cormack-Lehane Scoring System was used as a standard of DL and was also applied to divide patients into DL and non-DL groups. The area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to evaluate the diagnostic ability of various diagnostic indicators. Results: A total of 499 patients were enrolled into non-DL and DL groups comprising 452 (452/499, 90.6%) and 47 (47/499, 9.4%) patients, respectively. One ultrasonic diagnoses indicator correlated with DL, namely, the angle between the epiglottis and glottis. When the angle between the epiglottis and glottis was 50°, the area under the ROC curve was maximum (0.902), and the best sensitivity (81%) and specificity (89%) were achieved. Conclusions: Airway ultrasounds should be considered to identify DL. The ultrasonic angle measured between the epiglottis and glottis is highly associated with DL, which may occur when the angle is less than 50°. Clinical trial registrat展开更多
[目的]比较经皮与开放缝合治疗急性跟腱断裂的临床疗效。[方法]回顾性分析2017年10月—2021年10月本院手术治疗的急性跟腱断裂35例患者的临床资料,根据术前医患沟通结果,16例采用带线锚钉闭合缝合(经皮组),19例采用切开缝合(开放组)。...[目的]比较经皮与开放缝合治疗急性跟腱断裂的临床疗效。[方法]回顾性分析2017年10月—2021年10月本院手术治疗的急性跟腱断裂35例患者的临床资料,根据术前医患沟通结果,16例采用带线锚钉闭合缝合(经皮组),19例采用切开缝合(开放组)。比较两组围手术期、随访结果。[结果]所有患者均顺利完成手术。经皮组手术时间[(56.6±10.4) min vs(81.7±28.7) min, P=0.003]、切口长度[(1.9±0.6) cm vs (7.7±3.5) cm, P<0.001]、术中失血量[(10.6±6.0) ml vs (26.0±15.8) ml, P<0.001]、住院时间[(8.2±1.6) d vs (11.1±3.5) d, P=0.015]均显著优于开放组,而两组下地行走时间及切口愈合情况的差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。随访时间平均(21.8±7.1)个月,经皮组术后完全负重活动时间显著早于开放组[(8.4±1.0)周vs (12.8±3.1)周, P=0.005]。术后随时间推移,两组患者VAS、AOFAS和ATRS评分,以及足跖屈-背伸ROM均显著改善(P<0.05)。经皮组术后1个月[(1.6±0.4) vs (2.3±0.7), P=0.001]和术后6个月[(0.9±0.3) vs (1.3±0.4), P=0.004]的VAS均显著优于开放组,相应时间点,两组间AOFAS、ATRS评分和足跖屈-背伸ROM的差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。[结论]与切开缝合治疗相比,带线锚钉经皮缝合手术创伤小,更有利于功能恢复。展开更多
基金Supported by the National Key Research and Development Program(973 Program)of China(No.2012CB417103)the Forestry Department of Qinghai Province,China(No.Y22LO300AJ)
文摘The responses of soil microbes to global warming and nitrogen enrichment can profoundly affect terrestrial ecosystem functions and the ecosystem feedbacks to climate change.However,the interactive effect of warming and nitrogen enrichment on soil microbial community is unclear.In this study,individual and interactive effects of experimental warming and nitrogen addition on the soil microbial community were investigated in a long-term field experiment in a temperate steppe of northern China.The field experiment started in 2006 and soils were sampled in 2010 and analyzed for phospholipid fatty acids to characterize the soil microbial communities.Some soil chemical properties were also determined.Five-year experimental warming significantly increased soil total microbial biomass and the proportion of Gram-negative bacteria in the soils.Long-term nitrogen addition decreased soil microbial biomass at the 0-10 cm soil depth and the relative abundance of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in the soils.Little interactive effect on soil microbes was detected when experimental warming and nitrogen addition were combined.Soil microbial biomass positively correlated with soil total C and N,but basically did not relate to the soil C/N ratio and pH.Our results suggest that future global warming or nitrogen enrichment may significantly change the soil microbial communities in the temperate steppes in northern China.
基金This study was supported by a grant from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 81370112).
文摘Background: Unpredictable difficult laryngoscopy (DL) remains a challenge for anesthesiologists, especially when difficult ventilation occurs during standard laryngoscopy. Accurate airway assessment should always be performed, but the common airway assessment methods only perform superficial screening. Thus, the deep laryngopharyngeal anatomy may not be evaluated. Ultrasound-based airway assessment has been recently proposed as a useful, simple, and non-invasive bedside tool as an adjunct to clinical methods, which may facilitate identification of DL. The present study aimed to determine the correlation between ultrasound-measured indicators and DL. Methods: Patients undergoing elective surgery under general anesthesia with tracheal intubation were enrolled. Ultrasonic airway assessments were performed before anesthesia induction. Ultrasound diagnostic indicators included the thickness and width of the base of the tongue, the angle between the epiglottis and glottis, the length of the thyrohyoid membrane, and the thickness of the lateral pharyngeal wall. A score of ≥3 in the Modified Cormack-Lehane Scoring System was used as a standard of DL and was also applied to divide patients into DL and non-DL groups. The area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to evaluate the diagnostic ability of various diagnostic indicators. Results: A total of 499 patients were enrolled into non-DL and DL groups comprising 452 (452/499, 90.6%) and 47 (47/499, 9.4%) patients, respectively. One ultrasonic diagnoses indicator correlated with DL, namely, the angle between the epiglottis and glottis. When the angle between the epiglottis and glottis was 50°, the area under the ROC curve was maximum (0.902), and the best sensitivity (81%) and specificity (89%) were achieved. Conclusions: Airway ultrasounds should be considered to identify DL. The ultrasonic angle measured between the epiglottis and glottis is highly associated with DL, which may occur when the angle is less than 50°. Clinical trial registrat
文摘[目的]比较经皮与开放缝合治疗急性跟腱断裂的临床疗效。[方法]回顾性分析2017年10月—2021年10月本院手术治疗的急性跟腱断裂35例患者的临床资料,根据术前医患沟通结果,16例采用带线锚钉闭合缝合(经皮组),19例采用切开缝合(开放组)。比较两组围手术期、随访结果。[结果]所有患者均顺利完成手术。经皮组手术时间[(56.6±10.4) min vs(81.7±28.7) min, P=0.003]、切口长度[(1.9±0.6) cm vs (7.7±3.5) cm, P<0.001]、术中失血量[(10.6±6.0) ml vs (26.0±15.8) ml, P<0.001]、住院时间[(8.2±1.6) d vs (11.1±3.5) d, P=0.015]均显著优于开放组,而两组下地行走时间及切口愈合情况的差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。随访时间平均(21.8±7.1)个月,经皮组术后完全负重活动时间显著早于开放组[(8.4±1.0)周vs (12.8±3.1)周, P=0.005]。术后随时间推移,两组患者VAS、AOFAS和ATRS评分,以及足跖屈-背伸ROM均显著改善(P<0.05)。经皮组术后1个月[(1.6±0.4) vs (2.3±0.7), P=0.001]和术后6个月[(0.9±0.3) vs (1.3±0.4), P=0.004]的VAS均显著优于开放组,相应时间点,两组间AOFAS、ATRS评分和足跖屈-背伸ROM的差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。[结论]与切开缝合治疗相比,带线锚钉经皮缝合手术创伤小,更有利于功能恢复。
