The Triassic-Jurassic （Tr-J） boundary marks a major extinction event, which （～200 Ma）resulted in global extinctions of fauna and flora both in the marine and terrestrial realms. There prevail great challenges in ...The Triassic-Jurassic （Tr-J） boundary marks a major extinction event, which （～200 Ma）resulted in global extinctions of fauna and flora both in the marine and terrestrial realms. There prevail great challenges in determining the exact location of the terrestrial Tr-J boundary, because of endemism of taxa and the scarcity of fossils in terrestrial settings leading to difficulties in linking marine and terrestrial sedimentary successions. Investigation based on palynology and bivalves has been carried out over a 1113 m thick section, which is subdivided into 132 beds, along the Haojiagou valley on the southern margin of the Junggar Basin of the northern Xinjiang, northwestern China. The terrestrial Lower Jurassic is conformably resting on the Upper Triassic strata. The Upper Triassic covers the Huangshanjie Formation overlaid by the Haojiagou Formation, while the Lower Jurassic comprises the Badaowan Formation followed by the Sangonghe Formation. Fifty six pollen and spore taxa and one algal taxon were identified from the sediments. Based on the key-species and abundance of spores and pollen, three zones were erected： the Late Triassic （Rhaetian） Aratrisporites-Alisporites Assemblage, the Early Jurassic （Hettangian） Perinopollenites-Pinuspollenites Assemblage, and the Sinemurian Perinopollenites-Cycadopites Assemblage. The Tr-J boundary is placed between bed 44and 45 coincident with the boundary between the Haojiagou and Badaowan formations. Beds with Ferganoconcha （？）, Unio-Ferganoconcha and Waagenoperna-Yananoconcha bivalve assemblages are recognized. The Ferganoconcha （？） bed is limited to the upper Haojiagou Formation,Unio- Ferganoconcha and Waagenoperna- Yananoconcha assemblages are present in the middle and upper members of the Badaowan Formation. The sedimentary succession is interpreted as terrestrial with two mainly lake deposit intervals within Haojiagou and Badaowan formations, yielding fresh water algae and bivalves. However, the presence of brackish water algae Tasmanites展开更多
A phase-shifting digital holography scheme developed to investigate internal defects in artworks is described. Phase-shifting is utilized to obtain a clear reconstructed object wave from a rough surface texture. A rev...A phase-shifting digital holography scheme developed to investigate internal defects in artworks is described. Phase-shifting is utilized to obtain a clear reconstructed object wave from a rough surface texture. A reverse-transform algorithm is employed to reconstruct the object wave on its original position of unknown distance or the imaging position from the object wave information on the holographic plane. To get the clearest reconstruction the exact registration of the unknown distance is determined by applying the intensity sum as the auto-focusing function, The spatial resolution of the reconstruction image is also investigated for a variety of affecting factors. Laboratory results of reconstruction images under deformation are presented.展开更多
<em>Aim</em><span "=""><span>: Fundamentally, aggressive care is considered to be avoided for the patients at the end of life. However, this is not always adhered in real-world p...<em>Aim</em><span "=""><span>: Fundamentally, aggressive care is considered to be avoided for the patients at the end of life. However, this is not always adhered in real-world practice. We attempted to determine whether, and if so how, the aggressive care is made for patients with ovarian cancer during the last month prior death. </span><i><span>Methods</span></i><span>: Enrolled were a total of 104 patients with ovarian cancer (including fallopian tube or primary peritoneal cancer), who were treated in Kuopio University Hospital in Finland during 2009-2014. The aggressive care was defined according to the standards outlined by the National Quality Forum;shortly, chemotherapy, emergency-room/intensive-care visit/admission, hospital admission, and death in hospital.</span></span><span "=""> </span><i><span>Results</span></i><span>: Two thirds of patients (67%) had received at least one form of aggressive care during the last month of their lives. Especially, admission in hospital in the last 30 days of life was the most common form of aggressive cancer care. Younger patients (<72 years) received significantly more often aggressive care than the older patients (80% vs 43%, p</span><span "=""> </span><span>=</span><span "=""> </span><span "=""><span>0.004). Those women that underwent end-of-life discussions earlier than one month prior to death had significantly less aggressive care than those women that had discussions during the last month (48% vs. 90%,</span><i> </i><span>p</span></span><span "=""> </span><span>=</span><span "=""> </span><span "=""><span>0.001). </span><i><span>Conclusions</span></i><span>: Ovarian cancer patients received commonly at least one form of aggressive care at the end of their lives. More efforts should be taken to improve the quality of palliative and end-of-life care.</span></span>展开更多
Chromosomal instability(CIN)is a hallmark of cancer and is associated with tumor cell malignancy.CIN triggers a chain reaction in cells leading to chromosomal abnormalities,including deviations from the normal chromos...Chromosomal instability(CIN)is a hallmark of cancer and is associated with tumor cell malignancy.CIN triggers a chain reaction in cells leading to chromosomal abnormalities,including deviations from the normal chromosome number or structural changes in chromosomes.CIN arises from errors in DNA replication and chromosome segregation during cell division,leading to the formation of cells with abnormal number and/or structure of chromosomes.Errors in DNA replication result from abnormal replication licensing as well as replication stress,such as double-strand breaks and stalled replication forks;meanwhile,errors in chromosome segregation stem from defects in chromosome segregation machinery,including centrosome amplification,erroneous microtubule-kinetochore attachments,spindle assembly checkpoint,or defective sister chromatids cohesion.In normal cells,CiN is deleterious and is associated with DNA damage,proteotoxic stress,metabolic alteration,cell cycle arrest,and senescence.Paradoxically,despite these negative consequences,CiN is one of the hallmarks of cancer found in over 90%of solid tumors and in blood cancers.Furthermore,CiN could endow tumors with enhanced adaptation capabilities due to increased intratumor heterogeneity,thereby facilitating adaptive resistance to therapies;however,excessive CiN could induce tumor cells death,leading to the"just-right"model for CIN in tumors.Elucidating the complex nature of CIN is crucial for understanding the dynamics of tumorigenesis and for developing effective anti-tumor treatments.This review provides an overview of causes and consequences of CIN,as well as the paradox of CIN,a phenomenon that continues to perplex researchers.Finally,this review explores the potential of CIN-based anti-tumor therapy.展开更多
Although testing wastewater for public health surveillance has recently received significant attention in the United States,researchers and public health professionals have long realized the tremendous promise of envi...Although testing wastewater for public health surveillance has recently received significant attention in the United States,researchers and public health professionals have long realized the tremendous promise of environmental surveillance(ES),defined as tracking pathogens of interest in fecally contaminated surface waters,soil,or fomites,in low-resource settings for public health action.1,2 The power of ES in lowresource settings is most clearly illustrated with the over 30 years of well-established and standardized polio surveillance.As part of the Global Polio Eradication Initiative,the World Health Organization(WHO)has accredited 146 laboratories within the Global Polio Lab Network(GPLN).These facilities across 92 countries process over 8,000 wastewater or fecally contaminated surface water samples per year,in addition to over 220,000 stool samples annually.3 The data generated from the GPLN are closely linked to clear public health action related to targeted vaccination campaigns.The investment and adoption of ES for polio eradication efforts serves as a use-case for other targets of interest.To explore the current state of the field,the National Science Foundation-funded Research Coordination Network(RCN)on Wastewater Based Epidemiology for SARS-CoV-2 and Emerging Public Health Threats held a workshop in December 2023 to discuss the opportunities and challenges for ES in low-resource settings(Figure 1).Discussions during the workshop highlighted knowledge gaps,best-practices,target selection,academic/government/private partnerships and overall public health action and sustainability of these programs.展开更多
Recurrent selection is an important breeding method for population improvement and selecting elite inbreds or fixed lines from the improved germplasm.Recently,a computer simulation tool called QuMARS has been develope...Recurrent selection is an important breeding method for population improvement and selecting elite inbreds or fixed lines from the improved germplasm.Recently,a computer simulation tool called QuMARS has been developed,which allows the simulation and optimization of various recurrent selection strategies.Our major objective in this study was to use the QuMARS tool to compare phenotypic recurrent,marker-assisted recurrent,and genomic selections(abbreviated respectively as PS,MARS and GS)for both short-and long-termbreeding procedures.ForMARS,twomarker selection models were considered,i.e.,stepwise(Rstep)and forward regressions(Forward).For GS,three prediction models were considered,i.e.,genomic best linear unbiased predictors(GBLUP),ridge regression(Ridge),and regression by Moore-Penrose general inverse(InverseMP).To generate genotypes and phenotypes for a given individual during simulation,one additive and two epistasis genetic models were considered with three levels of heritability.Results demonstrated that selection responses from GBLUP-based GS and MARS(Forward)were consistently greater than those from PS under the additive model,particularly in early selection cycles.In contrast,selection response from PS was consistently superior over MARS and GS under epistatic models.For the two epistasis models,total genetic variance and the additive variance component were increased in some cases after selection.Through simulation,we concluded that GS and PS were effective recurrent selection methods for improved breeding of targeted traits controlled by additive and epistatic quantitative trait loci(QTL).QuMARS provides an opportunity for breeders to compare,optimize and integrate new technology into their conventional breeding programs.展开更多
<strong>Aim:</strong><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> Despite recent advances in the...<strong>Aim:</strong><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> Despite recent advances in the treatment of ovarian cancer, recurrence of the disease is still frequent. This study evaluated whether multiple lines of chemotherapy have impact on overall survival (OS), progression free survival (PFS) or on treatment free intervals (TFIs) after serial chemotherapy lines in recurrent settings.</span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:""> </span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Methods: </span></b></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">A total of 189 patients with ovarian cancer (including fallopian tube and primary peritoneal cancer), who were treated in Kuopio University Hospital in Finland during 2009-2014, were enrolled. The medical files of these patients were retrospectively reviewed.</span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:""> </span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Results:</span></b></span></span><span><span><b><span style="font-family:""> </span></b></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Median OS and PFS were significantly higher at the time of the first relapse compared to subsequent relapses (p < 0.001). TFIs shortened significantly after the first relapse (p < 0.001). The differences in TFIs were also seen when comparing </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">platinum sensitive, semi-sensitive and platinum resistant patients. The total</span> <span style="font-family:Verdana;">amount of TFI times during the whole follow-up time was significantly re</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">duced in those patients that received at least one form of aggressive care at </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"展开更多
Previous collaborative studies have shown the main fringe patterns and their typical classification with regard to defects.Nevertheless,the complexity of the results prevents defect detection automation based on a fri...Previous collaborative studies have shown the main fringe patterns and their typical classification with regard to defects.Nevertheless,the complexity of the results prevents defect detection automation based on a fringe pattern classification table.The use of fringe patterns for the structural diagnosis of artwork is important for conveying crucial detailed information and dense data sources that are unmatched compared to those obtained using other conventional or modern techniques.Hologram interferometry fringe patterns uniquely reveal existing and potential structural conditions independent of object shape,surface complexity,material inhomogeneity,multilayered and mixed media structures,without requiring contact and interaction with the precious surface.Thus,introducing a concept that from one hand allows fringe patterns to be considered as a powerful standalone physical tool for direct structural condition evaluation with a focus on artwork conservators'need for structural diagnosis while sets a conceptual basis for defect detection automation is crucial.The aim intensifies when the particularities of ethics and safety in the field of art conservation are considered.There are ways to obtain the advantages of fringe patterns even when specialized software and advanced analysis algorithms fail to convey usable information.Interactively treating the features of fringe patterns through step-wise reasoning provides direct diagnosis while formulates the knowledge basis to automate defect isolation and identification procedures for machine learning and artificial intelligence(AI)development.The transfer of understanding of the significance of fringe patterns through logical steps to an AI system is this work's ultimate technical aim.Research on topic is ongoing.展开更多
基金supported by Special Basic Research Program of Ministry of Science and Technology of China (Grant No. 2006FY120300)National Committee of Stratigraphy of China. V. Vajda acknowledges the financial support provided by Swedish Research Council (VR, Grant No. 2007-4509)+1 种基金V. Vajda is a Swedish Royal Academy of Sciences Research Fellow founded through the Knut and Alice Wallenbergs Foundationa contribution to UNESCO-IUGS IGCP Project 506
文摘The Triassic-Jurassic （Tr-J） boundary marks a major extinction event, which （～200 Ma）resulted in global extinctions of fauna and flora both in the marine and terrestrial realms. There prevail great challenges in determining the exact location of the terrestrial Tr-J boundary, because of endemism of taxa and the scarcity of fossils in terrestrial settings leading to difficulties in linking marine and terrestrial sedimentary successions. Investigation based on palynology and bivalves has been carried out over a 1113 m thick section, which is subdivided into 132 beds, along the Haojiagou valley on the southern margin of the Junggar Basin of the northern Xinjiang, northwestern China. The terrestrial Lower Jurassic is conformably resting on the Upper Triassic strata. The Upper Triassic covers the Huangshanjie Formation overlaid by the Haojiagou Formation, while the Lower Jurassic comprises the Badaowan Formation followed by the Sangonghe Formation. Fifty six pollen and spore taxa and one algal taxon were identified from the sediments. Based on the key-species and abundance of spores and pollen, three zones were erected： the Late Triassic （Rhaetian） Aratrisporites-Alisporites Assemblage, the Early Jurassic （Hettangian） Perinopollenites-Pinuspollenites Assemblage, and the Sinemurian Perinopollenites-Cycadopites Assemblage. The Tr-J boundary is placed between bed 44and 45 coincident with the boundary between the Haojiagou and Badaowan formations. Beds with Ferganoconcha （？）, Unio-Ferganoconcha and Waagenoperna-Yananoconcha bivalve assemblages are recognized. The Ferganoconcha （？） bed is limited to the upper Haojiagou Formation,Unio- Ferganoconcha and Waagenoperna- Yananoconcha assemblages are present in the middle and upper members of the Badaowan Formation. The sedimentary succession is interpreted as terrestrial with two mainly lake deposit intervals within Haojiagou and Badaowan formations, yielding fresh water algae and bivalves. However, the presence of brackish water algae Tasmanites
文摘A phase-shifting digital holography scheme developed to investigate internal defects in artworks is described. Phase-shifting is utilized to obtain a clear reconstructed object wave from a rough surface texture. A reverse-transform algorithm is employed to reconstruct the object wave on its original position of unknown distance or the imaging position from the object wave information on the holographic plane. To get the clearest reconstruction the exact registration of the unknown distance is determined by applying the intensity sum as the auto-focusing function, The spatial resolution of the reconstruction image is also investigated for a variety of affecting factors. Laboratory results of reconstruction images under deformation are presented.
文摘<em>Aim</em><span "=""><span>: Fundamentally, aggressive care is considered to be avoided for the patients at the end of life. However, this is not always adhered in real-world practice. We attempted to determine whether, and if so how, the aggressive care is made for patients with ovarian cancer during the last month prior death. </span><i><span>Methods</span></i><span>: Enrolled were a total of 104 patients with ovarian cancer (including fallopian tube or primary peritoneal cancer), who were treated in Kuopio University Hospital in Finland during 2009-2014. The aggressive care was defined according to the standards outlined by the National Quality Forum;shortly, chemotherapy, emergency-room/intensive-care visit/admission, hospital admission, and death in hospital.</span></span><span "=""> </span><i><span>Results</span></i><span>: Two thirds of patients (67%) had received at least one form of aggressive care during the last month of their lives. Especially, admission in hospital in the last 30 days of life was the most common form of aggressive cancer care. Younger patients (<72 years) received significantly more often aggressive care than the older patients (80% vs 43%, p</span><span "=""> </span><span>=</span><span "=""> </span><span "=""><span>0.004). Those women that underwent end-of-life discussions earlier than one month prior to death had significantly less aggressive care than those women that had discussions during the last month (48% vs. 90%,</span><i> </i><span>p</span></span><span "=""> </span><span>=</span><span "=""> </span><span "=""><span>0.001). </span><i><span>Conclusions</span></i><span>: Ovarian cancer patients received commonly at least one form of aggressive care at the end of their lives. More efforts should be taken to improve the quality of palliative and end-of-life care.</span></span>
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (32070715,32270778,82173029,and 82372655)the Natural Science Foundation of Chongqing (CSTB2022NSCQ-MSX0612 and CSTB2022NSCQMsx0611).
文摘Chromosomal instability(CIN)is a hallmark of cancer and is associated with tumor cell malignancy.CIN triggers a chain reaction in cells leading to chromosomal abnormalities,including deviations from the normal chromosome number or structural changes in chromosomes.CIN arises from errors in DNA replication and chromosome segregation during cell division,leading to the formation of cells with abnormal number and/or structure of chromosomes.Errors in DNA replication result from abnormal replication licensing as well as replication stress,such as double-strand breaks and stalled replication forks;meanwhile,errors in chromosome segregation stem from defects in chromosome segregation machinery,including centrosome amplification,erroneous microtubule-kinetochore attachments,spindle assembly checkpoint,or defective sister chromatids cohesion.In normal cells,CiN is deleterious and is associated with DNA damage,proteotoxic stress,metabolic alteration,cell cycle arrest,and senescence.Paradoxically,despite these negative consequences,CiN is one of the hallmarks of cancer found in over 90%of solid tumors and in blood cancers.Furthermore,CiN could endow tumors with enhanced adaptation capabilities due to increased intratumor heterogeneity,thereby facilitating adaptive resistance to therapies;however,excessive CiN could induce tumor cells death,leading to the"just-right"model for CIN in tumors.Elucidating the complex nature of CIN is crucial for understanding the dynamics of tumorigenesis and for developing effective anti-tumor treatments.This review provides an overview of causes and consequences of CIN,as well as the paradox of CIN,a phenomenon that continues to perplex researchers.Finally,this review explores the potential of CIN-based anti-tumor therapy.
基金supported by the National Science Foundation,grant 2202361.
文摘Although testing wastewater for public health surveillance has recently received significant attention in the United States,researchers and public health professionals have long realized the tremendous promise of environmental surveillance(ES),defined as tracking pathogens of interest in fecally contaminated surface waters,soil,or fomites,in low-resource settings for public health action.1,2 The power of ES in lowresource settings is most clearly illustrated with the over 30 years of well-established and standardized polio surveillance.As part of the Global Polio Eradication Initiative,the World Health Organization(WHO)has accredited 146 laboratories within the Global Polio Lab Network(GPLN).These facilities across 92 countries process over 8,000 wastewater or fecally contaminated surface water samples per year,in addition to over 220,000 stool samples annually.3 The data generated from the GPLN are closely linked to clear public health action related to targeted vaccination campaigns.The investment and adoption of ES for polio eradication efforts serves as a use-case for other targets of interest.To explore the current state of the field,the National Science Foundation-funded Research Coordination Network(RCN)on Wastewater Based Epidemiology for SARS-CoV-2 and Emerging Public Health Threats held a workshop in December 2023 to discuss the opportunities and challenges for ES in low-resource settings(Figure 1).Discussions during the workshop highlighted knowledge gaps,best-practices,target selection,academic/government/private partnerships and overall public health action and sustainability of these programs.
基金This work was financially supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2015BAD02B01-2-2)the HarvestPlus Challenge Program(www.harvestplus.org).
文摘Recurrent selection is an important breeding method for population improvement and selecting elite inbreds or fixed lines from the improved germplasm.Recently,a computer simulation tool called QuMARS has been developed,which allows the simulation and optimization of various recurrent selection strategies.Our major objective in this study was to use the QuMARS tool to compare phenotypic recurrent,marker-assisted recurrent,and genomic selections(abbreviated respectively as PS,MARS and GS)for both short-and long-termbreeding procedures.ForMARS,twomarker selection models were considered,i.e.,stepwise(Rstep)and forward regressions(Forward).For GS,three prediction models were considered,i.e.,genomic best linear unbiased predictors(GBLUP),ridge regression(Ridge),and regression by Moore-Penrose general inverse(InverseMP).To generate genotypes and phenotypes for a given individual during simulation,one additive and two epistasis genetic models were considered with three levels of heritability.Results demonstrated that selection responses from GBLUP-based GS and MARS(Forward)were consistently greater than those from PS under the additive model,particularly in early selection cycles.In contrast,selection response from PS was consistently superior over MARS and GS under epistatic models.For the two epistasis models,total genetic variance and the additive variance component were increased in some cases after selection.Through simulation,we concluded that GS and PS were effective recurrent selection methods for improved breeding of targeted traits controlled by additive and epistatic quantitative trait loci(QTL).QuMARS provides an opportunity for breeders to compare,optimize and integrate new technology into their conventional breeding programs.
文摘<strong>Aim:</strong><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> Despite recent advances in the treatment of ovarian cancer, recurrence of the disease is still frequent. This study evaluated whether multiple lines of chemotherapy have impact on overall survival (OS), progression free survival (PFS) or on treatment free intervals (TFIs) after serial chemotherapy lines in recurrent settings.</span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:""> </span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Methods: </span></b></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;">A total of 189 patients with ovarian cancer (including fallopian tube and primary peritoneal cancer), who were treated in Kuopio University Hospital in Finland during 2009-2014, were enrolled. The medical files of these patients were retrospectively reviewed.</span></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:""> </span></span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Results:</span></b></span></span><span><span><b><span style="font-family:""> </span></b></span></span><span><span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Median OS and PFS were significantly higher at the time of the first relapse compared to subsequent relapses (p < 0.001). TFIs shortened significantly after the first relapse (p < 0.001). The differences in TFIs were also seen when comparing </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">platinum sensitive, semi-sensitive and platinum resistant patients. The total</span> <span style="font-family:Verdana;">amount of TFI times during the whole follow-up time was significantly re</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">duced in those patients that received at least one form of aggressive care at </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"
文摘Previous collaborative studies have shown the main fringe patterns and their typical classification with regard to defects.Nevertheless,the complexity of the results prevents defect detection automation based on a fringe pattern classification table.The use of fringe patterns for the structural diagnosis of artwork is important for conveying crucial detailed information and dense data sources that are unmatched compared to those obtained using other conventional or modern techniques.Hologram interferometry fringe patterns uniquely reveal existing and potential structural conditions independent of object shape,surface complexity,material inhomogeneity,multilayered and mixed media structures,without requiring contact and interaction with the precious surface.Thus,introducing a concept that from one hand allows fringe patterns to be considered as a powerful standalone physical tool for direct structural condition evaluation with a focus on artwork conservators'need for structural diagnosis while sets a conceptual basis for defect detection automation is crucial.The aim intensifies when the particularities of ethics and safety in the field of art conservation are considered.There are ways to obtain the advantages of fringe patterns even when specialized software and advanced analysis algorithms fail to convey usable information.Interactively treating the features of fringe patterns through step-wise reasoning provides direct diagnosis while formulates the knowledge basis to automate defect isolation and identification procedures for machine learning and artificial intelligence(AI)development.The transfer of understanding of the significance of fringe patterns through logical steps to an AI system is this work's ultimate technical aim.Research on topic is ongoing.
基金国家自然科学基金(No.91114201)国家重点基础研究发展计划(2012CB821906)资助出版+2 种基金support from the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences through the Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundationthe Swedish Research Council(Grant No.2007-4509)the Lund University Pufendorf Institute Astrobiology funding
