AIM： To evaluate several risk factors for gastric cancer （GC） in Costa Rican regions with contrasting GC incidence rate （GCIR）. METHODS： According to GCIR, 191 Helicobacter pylori （H pylori）-positive patients ...AIM： To evaluate several risk factors for gastric cancer （GC） in Costa Rican regions with contrasting GC incidence rate （GCIR）. METHODS： According to GCIR, 191 Helicobacter pylori （H pylori）-positive patients were classified into groups A （high GCIR, n = 101） and B （low GCIR, n = 90）. Human DNA obtained from biopsy specimens was used in the determination of polymorphisms of the genes coding for interleukin （IL）-1β and IL-10 by PCRRFLP, and IL-1RN by PCR. H pylori DNA extractions obtained from clinical isolates of 83 patients were used for PCR-based genotyping of H pylori cagA, vacA and babA2. Human DNA from gastric biopsies of 52 GC patients was utilized for comparative purposes. RESULTS： Cytokine polymorphisms showed no association with GCIR variability. However, gastric atrophy, intestinal metaplasia and strains with different vacA genotypes in the same stomach （mixed strain infection） were more frequently found in group A than in group B, and cagA and vacA s1b were significantly associated with high GCIR （P = 0.026 and 0.041, respectively）. IL- 1β＋3954_T/C （OR 2.1, 1.0-4.3）, IL-1RN^＊2/L （OR 3.5, 1.7-7.3） and IL-10-592_C/A （OR 3.2, 1.5-6.8） were individually associated with GC, and a combination of these cytokine polymorphisms with Hpylori vacA slb and ml further increased the risk （OR 7.2, 1.4-36.4）. CONCLUSION： Although a proinflammatory cytokine genetic profile showed an increased risk for developing GC, the characteristics of Hpylori infection, in particular the status of cagA and vacA genotype distribution seemed to play a major role in GCIR variability in Costa Rica.展开更多
The West Congo Belt contains in its rocks of Neoproterozoic age from Nemba complex outcropping in the Moumba River. This West Congo belt is made up of a crustal segment of the Arcuaï-West Congo orogen which exten...The West Congo Belt contains in its rocks of Neoproterozoic age from Nemba complex outcropping in the Moumba River. This West Congo belt is made up of a crustal segment of the Arcuaï-West Congo orogen which extends from southwest Gabon to the northeast of Angola. This study aims to constrain the geochemical signature Nemba complex of West Congo belt from the petrograhic and geochemical study on the whole rock. The petrographic data from this study show the Moumba metabasites are made up of amphibolites, metagabbros, epidotites and greenschists interstratified in the Eburnean metasediments and affected by mesozonal to epizonal metamorphism characterized by the retromorphosis of intermediate amphibolite facies minerals into greenschist facies. Whole-rock geochemical data indicate that these metabasites are continental flood basalts (CFB) of basic nature and transitional affinity emplaced in intraplate context. These continental flood basalts are generated from magma originating from a significantly enriched shallow mantle plume and this magma then contaminated by the continental crust during their ascent. The reconstruction of tectonic signature suggests that West Congo belt would result from closure of an ocean basin with subduction phenomena. This collision would be marked by the establishment of ophiolite complex. We show that this model is incompatible with the CFB nature of metabasites and the orogenic evolution of Neoproterozoic. It does not seem that we can evoke a genetic link with a subduction of oceanic crust, because the paleogeography of Neoproterozoic (Rodinia) is marked by intracontinental rifts linked to opening of Rodinia. We therefore suggest the non-existence of ophiolitic complex in western Congo belt and reject the collisional model published by certain authors. We confirm the currently available intracontinental orogen model.展开更多
The Elogo complex is a greenstone belt portion located on the Eastern edge of the Archean Congo craton at the junction with the Paleoproterozoic to Neoproterozoic Sembe Ouesso basin. This study was carried out on this...The Elogo complex is a greenstone belt portion located on the Eastern edge of the Archean Congo craton at the junction with the Paleoproterozoic to Neoproterozoic Sembe Ouesso basin. This study was carried out on this complex to determine the context of the placement of basaltic rocks. Metaluminous tholeiitic basalts (basic and ultrabasic), calc-alkaline basalts, andesitic basalts, and peraluminous calc-alkaline dacites represent greenstones. Tholeiitic and calc-alkaline basalts come from deep enriched and depleted mantle sources, including garnet in fusion residues [Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>/TiO<sub>2</sub> > 16 (16.5 to 35.12) and in some samples between 12.45 to 14.48;CaO/Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> 1 (1.04 to 1.35) in ten samples and (Gb/Yb)<sub>PM</sub> > 1]. The calc-alkaline dacites come from a shallow depleted mantle source [Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>/TiO<sub>2</sub> > 16;CaO/Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> 1]. Tholeiitic and calc-alkaline basalts have a negative Rb, Ba, Ce, and Nb anomaly without negative Ti anomaly, positive Ta, Pb anomalies, and a lack of significant REE [(La/Yb)n = 0.36 to 0.97 and 1 to 2.15;(Ce/Yb)n = 0.27 to 0.96 and 1.04 to 1.72, respectively] fractionation. High Nb/Th (2 to 10) and Nb/U (1.82 to 26) ratios and low La/Ta (5 to 27) ratios are characteristic of divergent margin magmatic sources. Tholeiitic and calc-alkaline basalts correspond to an extensive back-arc basin-type tectonic setting. Calc-alkaline andesitic basalts and dacites show positive Ba, U, Th, K, La, Ce, Pb, and Li anomalies and negative Nb, Ta, and Ti anomalies reflecting crustal contamination and hydrothermal alteration in a compressive tectonic context as a volcanic arc in a subduction regime marking the interruption of the meso-neoarchean Elogo’s opening. Elogo’s opening and closing are probably associated with the emplacement of the greenstone of the meso-neoarchean Gabon Belinga group and the relics of the Mesoarchean greenstones of the Cameroun Ntem complex.展开更多
Conglutination is one of the rarest disorders encountered during labor. Reported by few authors over the centuries, its diagnosis and management are fraught with pitfalls in terms of the experience of the health-care ...Conglutination is one of the rarest disorders encountered during labor. Reported by few authors over the centuries, its diagnosis and management are fraught with pitfalls in terms of the experience of the health-care team and the likely complications of vaginal delivery. We report on a case received at the university clinics in Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo, where we successfully delivered vaginally. Discussions are not clear-cut as to the preferred route of delivery in cases of external cervical conglutination, but in our context where society is pronatalist and women are unwilling to undergo caesarean section, every intervention [to be] performed should consider the impact of such intervention on the woman’s obstetrical future and the vaginal route should be preferred whenever reasonably possible.展开更多
The partogram is an accurate labor monitoring tool for reducing maternal and perinatal mortality due to prolonged labor and dystocia. The aim of this study is to assess how the quality of the partogram has evolved in ...The partogram is an accurate labor monitoring tool for reducing maternal and perinatal mortality due to prolonged labor and dystocia. The aim of this study is to assess how the quality of the partogram has evolved in health care institutions (HCI in short) that have benefited from the primary health care support project (ASSP in short) after formative supervision. This is a descriptive study by periodic clinical audit between 2020 and 2022, carried out in 96 HCI in 3 provincial health divisions (DPS in short) of DR Congo. Each photographed partogram page was sent to the project’s central level for review by a team of experts (3 obstetric gynecologists and 3 midwives). The compliance rate for completing partograms in the 96 health facilities of the 3 DPS was 86.8%. The rate of traceability of labor continuity was 88.2%, and that of traceability of acts, incidents and treatments during labor was 87.1%. Finally, the compliance rate for filling out partograms in the immediate post-partum period was 81%. A clear improvement was noted between the January 2020 and March 2022 assessments.展开更多
Developmental defects of enamel are common due to genetic and environmental factors before and after birth.Cdc42,a Rho family small GTPase,regulates prenatal tooth development in mice.However,its role in postnatal too...Developmental defects of enamel are common due to genetic and environmental factors before and after birth.Cdc42,a Rho family small GTPase,regulates prenatal tooth development in mice.However,its role in postnatal tooth development,especially enamel formation,remains elusive.Here,we investigated Cdc42 functions in mouse enamel development and tooth repair after birth.Cdc42 showed highly dynamic temporospatial patterns in the developing incisors,with robust expression in ameloblast and odontoblast layers.Strikingly,epithelium-specific Cdc42 deletion resulted in enamel defects in incisors.Ameloblast differentiation was inhibited,and hypomineralization of enamel was observed upon epithelial Cdc42 deletion.Proteomic analysis showed that abnormal mitochondrial components,phosphotransferase activity,and ion channel regulator activity occurred in the Cdc42 mutant dental epithelium.Reactive oxygen species accumulation was detected in the mutant mice,suggesting that abnormal oxidative stress occurred after Cdc42 depletion.Moreover,Cdc42 mutant mice showed delayed tooth repair and generated less calcified enamel.Mitochondrial dysfunction and abnormal oxygen consumption were evidenced by reduced Apool and Timm8a1 expression,increased Atp5j2 levels,and reactive oxygen species overproduction in the mutant repair epithelium.Epithelium-specific Cdc42 deletion attenuated ERK1/2 signaling in the labial cervical loop.Aberrant Sox2 expression in the mutant labial cervical loop after clipping might lead to delayed tooth repair.These findings suggested that mitochondrial dysfunction,up-regulated oxidative stress,and abnormal ion channel activity may be among multiple factors responsible for the observed enamel defects in Cdc42 mutant incisors.Overall,Cdc42 exerts multidimensional and pivotal roles in enamel development and is particularly required for ameloblast differentiation and enamel matrix formation.展开更多
Outdoor fresh air ventilation plays a significant role in reducing airborne transmission of diseases in indoor spaces.School classrooms are considerably challenged during the COVID-19 pandemic because of the increasin...Outdoor fresh air ventilation plays a significant role in reducing airborne transmission of diseases in indoor spaces.School classrooms are considerably challenged during the COVID-19 pandemic because of the increasing need for in-person education,untimely and incompleted vaccinations,high occupancy density,and uncertain ventilation conditions.Many schools started to use CO_(2)meters to indicate air quality,but how to interpret the data remains unclear.Many uncertainties are also involved,including manual readings,student numbers and schedules,uncertain CO_(2)generation rates,and variable indoor and ambient conditions.This study proposed a Bayesian inference approach with sensitivity analysis to understand CO_(2)readings in four primary schools by identifying uncertainties and calibrating key parameters.The outdoor ventilation rate,CO_(2)generation rate,and occupancy level were identified as the top sensitive parameters for indoor CO_(2)levels.The occupancy schedule becomes critical when the CO_(2)data are limited,whereas a 15-min measurement interval could capture dynamic CO_(2)profiles well even without the occupancy information.Hourly CO_(2)recording should be avoided because it failed to capture peak values and overestimated the ventilation rates.For the four primary school rooms,the calibrated ventilation rate with a 95%confidence level for fall condition is 1.96±0.31 ACH for Room#1(165 m^(3)and 20 occupancies)with mechanical ventilation,and for the rest of the naturally ventilated rooms,it is 0.40±0.08 ACH for Room#2(236 m^(3)and 21 occupancies),0.30±0.04 or 0.79±0.06 ACH depending on occupancy schedules for Room#3(236 m^(3)and 19 occupancies),0.40±0.32,0.48±0.37,0.72±0.39 ACH for Room#4(231 m^(3)and 8–9 occupancies)for three consecutive days.展开更多
文摘AIM： To evaluate several risk factors for gastric cancer （GC） in Costa Rican regions with contrasting GC incidence rate （GCIR）. METHODS： According to GCIR, 191 Helicobacter pylori （H pylori）-positive patients were classified into groups A （high GCIR, n = 101） and B （low GCIR, n = 90）. Human DNA obtained from biopsy specimens was used in the determination of polymorphisms of the genes coding for interleukin （IL）-1β and IL-10 by PCRRFLP, and IL-1RN by PCR. H pylori DNA extractions obtained from clinical isolates of 83 patients were used for PCR-based genotyping of H pylori cagA, vacA and babA2. Human DNA from gastric biopsies of 52 GC patients was utilized for comparative purposes. RESULTS： Cytokine polymorphisms showed no association with GCIR variability. However, gastric atrophy, intestinal metaplasia and strains with different vacA genotypes in the same stomach （mixed strain infection） were more frequently found in group A than in group B, and cagA and vacA s1b were significantly associated with high GCIR （P = 0.026 and 0.041, respectively）. IL- 1β＋3954_T/C （OR 2.1, 1.0-4.3）, IL-1RN^＊2/L （OR 3.5, 1.7-7.3） and IL-10-592_C/A （OR 3.2, 1.5-6.8） were individually associated with GC, and a combination of these cytokine polymorphisms with Hpylori vacA slb and ml further increased the risk （OR 7.2, 1.4-36.4）. CONCLUSION： Although a proinflammatory cytokine genetic profile showed an increased risk for developing GC, the characteristics of Hpylori infection, in particular the status of cagA and vacA genotype distribution seemed to play a major role in GCIR variability in Costa Rica.
文摘The West Congo Belt contains in its rocks of Neoproterozoic age from Nemba complex outcropping in the Moumba River. This West Congo belt is made up of a crustal segment of the Arcuaï-West Congo orogen which extends from southwest Gabon to the northeast of Angola. This study aims to constrain the geochemical signature Nemba complex of West Congo belt from the petrograhic and geochemical study on the whole rock. The petrographic data from this study show the Moumba metabasites are made up of amphibolites, metagabbros, epidotites and greenschists interstratified in the Eburnean metasediments and affected by mesozonal to epizonal metamorphism characterized by the retromorphosis of intermediate amphibolite facies minerals into greenschist facies. Whole-rock geochemical data indicate that these metabasites are continental flood basalts (CFB) of basic nature and transitional affinity emplaced in intraplate context. These continental flood basalts are generated from magma originating from a significantly enriched shallow mantle plume and this magma then contaminated by the continental crust during their ascent. The reconstruction of tectonic signature suggests that West Congo belt would result from closure of an ocean basin with subduction phenomena. This collision would be marked by the establishment of ophiolite complex. We show that this model is incompatible with the CFB nature of metabasites and the orogenic evolution of Neoproterozoic. It does not seem that we can evoke a genetic link with a subduction of oceanic crust, because the paleogeography of Neoproterozoic (Rodinia) is marked by intracontinental rifts linked to opening of Rodinia. We therefore suggest the non-existence of ophiolitic complex in western Congo belt and reject the collisional model published by certain authors. We confirm the currently available intracontinental orogen model.
文摘The Elogo complex is a greenstone belt portion located on the Eastern edge of the Archean Congo craton at the junction with the Paleoproterozoic to Neoproterozoic Sembe Ouesso basin. This study was carried out on this complex to determine the context of the placement of basaltic rocks. Metaluminous tholeiitic basalts (basic and ultrabasic), calc-alkaline basalts, andesitic basalts, and peraluminous calc-alkaline dacites represent greenstones. Tholeiitic and calc-alkaline basalts come from deep enriched and depleted mantle sources, including garnet in fusion residues [Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>/TiO<sub>2</sub> > 16 (16.5 to 35.12) and in some samples between 12.45 to 14.48;CaO/Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> 1 (1.04 to 1.35) in ten samples and (Gb/Yb)<sub>PM</sub> > 1]. The calc-alkaline dacites come from a shallow depleted mantle source [Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>/TiO<sub>2</sub> > 16;CaO/Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> 1]. Tholeiitic and calc-alkaline basalts have a negative Rb, Ba, Ce, and Nb anomaly without negative Ti anomaly, positive Ta, Pb anomalies, and a lack of significant REE [(La/Yb)n = 0.36 to 0.97 and 1 to 2.15;(Ce/Yb)n = 0.27 to 0.96 and 1.04 to 1.72, respectively] fractionation. High Nb/Th (2 to 10) and Nb/U (1.82 to 26) ratios and low La/Ta (5 to 27) ratios are characteristic of divergent margin magmatic sources. Tholeiitic and calc-alkaline basalts correspond to an extensive back-arc basin-type tectonic setting. Calc-alkaline andesitic basalts and dacites show positive Ba, U, Th, K, La, Ce, Pb, and Li anomalies and negative Nb, Ta, and Ti anomalies reflecting crustal contamination and hydrothermal alteration in a compressive tectonic context as a volcanic arc in a subduction regime marking the interruption of the meso-neoarchean Elogo’s opening. Elogo’s opening and closing are probably associated with the emplacement of the greenstone of the meso-neoarchean Gabon Belinga group and the relics of the Mesoarchean greenstones of the Cameroun Ntem complex.
文摘Conglutination is one of the rarest disorders encountered during labor. Reported by few authors over the centuries, its diagnosis and management are fraught with pitfalls in terms of the experience of the health-care team and the likely complications of vaginal delivery. We report on a case received at the university clinics in Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo, where we successfully delivered vaginally. Discussions are not clear-cut as to the preferred route of delivery in cases of external cervical conglutination, but in our context where society is pronatalist and women are unwilling to undergo caesarean section, every intervention [to be] performed should consider the impact of such intervention on the woman’s obstetrical future and the vaginal route should be preferred whenever reasonably possible.
文摘The partogram is an accurate labor monitoring tool for reducing maternal and perinatal mortality due to prolonged labor and dystocia. The aim of this study is to assess how the quality of the partogram has evolved in health care institutions (HCI in short) that have benefited from the primary health care support project (ASSP in short) after formative supervision. This is a descriptive study by periodic clinical audit between 2020 and 2022, carried out in 96 HCI in 3 provincial health divisions (DPS in short) of DR Congo. Each photographed partogram page was sent to the project’s central level for review by a team of experts (3 obstetric gynecologists and 3 midwives). The compliance rate for completing partograms in the 96 health facilities of the 3 DPS was 86.8%. The rate of traceability of labor continuity was 88.2%, and that of traceability of acts, incidents and treatments during labor was 87.1%. Finally, the compliance rate for filling out partograms in the immediate post-partum period was 81%. A clear improvement was noted between the January 2020 and March 2022 assessments.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81900958,82170987,82073378,81974146,82101053)the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province,China(No.2020A1515-010059,2021A1515012535)+2 种基金Sun Yat-Sen University Clinical Research 5010 Program(No.2023009)Science and Technology Planning Project of Guangzhou,China(No.2023-A04J2148)Open Funding of Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology(China)(No.KF2021120104).
文摘Developmental defects of enamel are common due to genetic and environmental factors before and after birth.Cdc42,a Rho family small GTPase,regulates prenatal tooth development in mice.However,its role in postnatal tooth development,especially enamel formation,remains elusive.Here,we investigated Cdc42 functions in mouse enamel development and tooth repair after birth.Cdc42 showed highly dynamic temporospatial patterns in the developing incisors,with robust expression in ameloblast and odontoblast layers.Strikingly,epithelium-specific Cdc42 deletion resulted in enamel defects in incisors.Ameloblast differentiation was inhibited,and hypomineralization of enamel was observed upon epithelial Cdc42 deletion.Proteomic analysis showed that abnormal mitochondrial components,phosphotransferase activity,and ion channel regulator activity occurred in the Cdc42 mutant dental epithelium.Reactive oxygen species accumulation was detected in the mutant mice,suggesting that abnormal oxidative stress occurred after Cdc42 depletion.Moreover,Cdc42 mutant mice showed delayed tooth repair and generated less calcified enamel.Mitochondrial dysfunction and abnormal oxygen consumption were evidenced by reduced Apool and Timm8a1 expression,increased Atp5j2 levels,and reactive oxygen species overproduction in the mutant repair epithelium.Epithelium-specific Cdc42 deletion attenuated ERK1/2 signaling in the labial cervical loop.Aberrant Sox2 expression in the mutant labial cervical loop after clipping might lead to delayed tooth repair.These findings suggested that mitochondrial dysfunction,up-regulated oxidative stress,and abnormal ion channel activity may be among multiple factors responsible for the observed enamel defects in Cdc42 mutant incisors.Overall,Cdc42 exerts multidimensional and pivotal roles in enamel development and is particularly required for ameloblast differentiation and enamel matrix formation.
基金The research is supported by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council(NSERC)of Canada through the Discovery Grants Program[#RGPIN-2018-06734]the National Research Council Canada contract[#980615].
文摘Outdoor fresh air ventilation plays a significant role in reducing airborne transmission of diseases in indoor spaces.School classrooms are considerably challenged during the COVID-19 pandemic because of the increasing need for in-person education,untimely and incompleted vaccinations,high occupancy density,and uncertain ventilation conditions.Many schools started to use CO_(2)meters to indicate air quality,but how to interpret the data remains unclear.Many uncertainties are also involved,including manual readings,student numbers and schedules,uncertain CO_(2)generation rates,and variable indoor and ambient conditions.This study proposed a Bayesian inference approach with sensitivity analysis to understand CO_(2)readings in four primary schools by identifying uncertainties and calibrating key parameters.The outdoor ventilation rate,CO_(2)generation rate,and occupancy level were identified as the top sensitive parameters for indoor CO_(2)levels.The occupancy schedule becomes critical when the CO_(2)data are limited,whereas a 15-min measurement interval could capture dynamic CO_(2)profiles well even without the occupancy information.Hourly CO_(2)recording should be avoided because it failed to capture peak values and overestimated the ventilation rates.For the four primary school rooms,the calibrated ventilation rate with a 95%confidence level for fall condition is 1.96±0.31 ACH for Room#1(165 m^(3)and 20 occupancies)with mechanical ventilation,and for the rest of the naturally ventilated rooms,it is 0.40±0.08 ACH for Room#2(236 m^(3)and 21 occupancies),0.30±0.04 or 0.79±0.06 ACH depending on occupancy schedules for Room#3(236 m^(3)and 19 occupancies),0.40±0.32,0.48±0.37,0.72±0.39 ACH for Room#4(231 m^(3)and 8–9 occupancies)for three consecutive days.
