Objective To investigate the early diagnosis and treatment of cesarean scar pregnancy （CSP）. Methods Clinical data of 28 patients with CSP in Peking Union Medical College Hospital from January 1994 to April 2007, i...Objective To investigate the early diagnosis and treatment of cesarean scar pregnancy （CSP）. Methods Clinical data of 28 patients with CSP in Peking Union Medical College Hospital from January 1994 to April 2007, including age, interval from the last cesarean delivery to diagnosis, clinical presentation, location of the lesion, process of diagnosis and treatment, outcome, and follow-up, were retrospectively analyzed. Re, salts CSP constituted 1.05 % of all ectopic pregnancies, and the ratio of CSP to pregnancy was 1 ： 1 221. The mean age of the group was 31.4 years. Twenty-six women had only one prior cesarean delivery. The interval from the last cesarean delivery to diagnosis ranged from 4 months to 15 years. The most common presenting symptoms of CSP were amenorrhoea and vaginal bleeding. Seventeen cases were misdiagnosed as early intrauterine pregnancies and 2 were misdiagnosed as gestational trophoblastic tumor. The other 9 were diagnosed definitely before treatment. The diagnosis was made based on cesarean delivery history, gynecologic examination, ultrasound, and magnetic resonance imaging （MRI）. The treatment of CSP included systemic or local methotrexate administration, conservative surgery, and hysterectomy. The conservative treatment was successful in 24 cases. All of the 28 women were cured through individual therapies. Conclusions CSP is rare and usually misdiagnosed as other diseases. Ultrasound is valuable for diagnosing CSP, and MRI can be used as an adjunct to ultrasound scan. Early diagnosis offers the options of conservative treatment and greatly improves the outcome of patients. Individual therapy is strongly recommended.展开更多
The Large Sky Area Multi-Object Fiber Spectroscopic Telescope (LAMOST, also called the Guo Shou Jing Telescope) is a special reflecting Schmidt telescope. LAMOST’s special design allows both a large aperture (effecti...The Large Sky Area Multi-Object Fiber Spectroscopic Telescope (LAMOST, also called the Guo Shou Jing Telescope) is a special reflecting Schmidt telescope. LAMOST’s special design allows both a large aperture (effective aperture of 3.6 m–4.9 m) and a wide field of view (FOV) (5°). It has an innovative active reflecting Schmidt configuration which continuously changes the mirror’s surface that adjusts during the observation process and combines thin deformable mirror active optics with segmented active optics. Its primary mirror (6.67m×6.05 m) and active Schmidt mirror (5.74m×4.40 m) are both segmented, and composed of 37 and 24 hexagonal sub-mirrors respectively. By using a parallel controllable fiber positioning technique, the focal surface of 1.75 m in diameter can accommodate 4000 optical fibers. Also, LAMOST has 16 spectrographs with 32 CCD cameras. LAMOST will be the telescope with the highest rate of spectral acquisition. As a national large scientific project, the LAMOST project was formally proposed in 1996, and approved by the Chinese government in 1997. The construction started in 2001, was completed in 2008 and passed the official acceptance in June 2009. The LAMOST pilot survey was started in October 2011 and the spectroscopic survey will launch in September 2012. Up to now, LAMOST has released more than 480 000 spectra of objects. LAMOST will make an important contribution to the study of the large-scale structure of the Universe, structure and evolution of the Galaxy, and cross-identification of multiwaveband properties in celestial objects.展开更多
AIM：To estimate the effect of a therapeutic vaccine against pancreatic carcinoma based on dendritic cell(DC)vaccine modified with tumor lysate and Interleukin-18 gene.METHODS:The BALB/C mice model of pancreatic arcin...AIM：To estimate the effect of a therapeutic vaccine against pancreatic carcinoma based on dendritic cell(DC)vaccine modified with tumor lysate and Interleukin-18 gene.METHODS:The BALB/C mice model of pancreatic arcinoma was induced with DMBA,DCvaccine was construted through pulsed with tumor lysate and transfected by the recombinant adenoviral vector encoding IL-18gene.The immnotherapeutic effects of DC vaccine on mice with pancreatic carcinoma were assessed (divided intoD-IL18-Lysate group,DC-Lysate group,DC-IL18 group,DC group,PBSgroup).RESULTS:After vaccination of the DC vaccine,the concentration of IL-18and IFN-γwere 2161±439ng·L^-1and435±72ng·L^-1inDC-IL18-Lysate group and there was significant difference compared with other groups(P<0.01)After vaccination of the DCcvaccine,the transplanted tumors were observed on 30days inDC-Lysate groups.on 16daysinDC-IL18groups.on3days in control group,but mice remained tumor-free for at least50days in DC-IL18-Lysate group and there was significant difference between DC-IL18-Lysate group and other groups(P<0.01).The median survival exceeds62days in DC-IL18-Lysate group.But the medsian surival was 48.6days in DC-Lysate group,33days in DC-IL-18group,17days in PBSgroup.The survival period was obviously prolonged in DC-IL18-Lysate group than in other groups(P<0.05,P<0.01).The weight of pancreatic tumor was0.22±0.083ginDC-IL18-Lysate group,1.45±0.74ginDC-Lysate group,1.89±1.34gin DC-IL18group,3.0±1.6ginDCgroup,2.9±2.0ginPBSgroup and the weight of tumor obviously reduced in DC-IL-18-Lysate group than in other groups(P<0.05,P<0.01).CONCLUSION:DC vaccine modified with tumo lysate and Interleukin-18gene can induce a specific and effective immune response against pancreatic cancinoma,cell.展开更多
Background:As a large,prospective,multicenter study-based prognostic score for hepatitis B virus-related acute-on-chronic liver failure(HBV-ACLF),the Chinese group on the study of severe hepatitis B-acute-on-chronic l...Background:As a large,prospective,multicenter study-based prognostic score for hepatitis B virus-related acute-on-chronic liver failure(HBV-ACLF),the Chinese group on the study of severe hepatitis B-acute-on-chronic liver failure score(COSSH-ACLFs),has been approved by some foreign scholars;however,its predictive value needs to be verified.This study investigated the predictive value of COSSH-ACLFs for short-term prognosis in Chinese patients with HBV-ACLF.Methods:This retrospective cohort study included 751 patients with HBV-ACLF admitted to the Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital between January 2011 and December 2014.Spearman method was used to assess the correlation of COSSHACLFs with classical scores.Different COX multivariate regression models were used to confirm the relationship between COSSHACLFs and short-term prognosis in patients with HBV-ACLF,and stratified analysis was used to further verify the stability of this relationship.We compared the predictive powers of COSSH-ACLFs and other classical scores using area under the receiver operating characteristic curve(AUROC)and Z-test.Results:A total of 975 patients with HBV-ACLF were screened,and 751 were analyzed(623 male and 128 female).COSSH-ACLFs was the highest in patients with end-stage ACLF,followed by those with middle-and early-stage ACLF(H=211.8,P<0.001).In the fully adjusted model,COX multivariate regression analysis revealed that COSSH-ACLFs(as a continuous variable)was independently and positively correlated with mortality risk in patients with HBV-ACLF at 28 days(hazard ratio[HR]:1.37[1.22,1.53],P<0.001)and 90 days(HR:1.43[1.29,1.58],P<0.001).The same trend could be observed in the crude model and minimally adjusted model.The AUROCs of COSSH-ACLFs for 28-day and 90-day prognoses in patients with HBV-ACLF were 0.807 and 0.792,respectively,indicating a stronger predictive accuracy than those of classic models.Conclusions:COSSH-ACLFs,with a superior predictive accuracy compared with other classical scores,can strongly predict sh展开更多
The Large sky Area Multi-Object Fiber Spectroscopic Telescope（LAMOST） general survey is a spectroscopic survey that will eventually cover approximately half of the celestial sphere and collect 10 million spectra of ...The Large sky Area Multi-Object Fiber Spectroscopic Telescope（LAMOST） general survey is a spectroscopic survey that will eventually cover approximately half of the celestial sphere and collect 10 million spectra of stars, galaxies and QSOs. Objects in both the pilot survey and the first year regular survey are included in the LAMOST DR1. The pilot survey started in October 2011 and ended in June 2012, and the data have been released to the public as the LAMOST Pilot Data Release in August 2012. The regular survey started in September 2012, and completed its first year of operation in June 2013. The LAMOST DR1 includes a total of 1202 plates containing 2 955 336 spectra, of which 1 790 879 spectra have observed signalto-noise ratio（SNR） ≥ 10. All data with SNR ≥ 2 are formally released as LAMOST DR1 under the LAMOST data policy. This data release contains a total of 2 204 696 spectra, of which 1 944 329 are stellar spectra, 12 082 are galaxy spectra and 5017 are quasars. The DR1 not only includes spectra, but also three stellar catalogs with measured parameters： late A,FGK-type stars with high quality spectra（1 061 918 entries）, A-type stars（100 073 entries）, and M-type stars（121 522 entries）. This paper introduces the survey design, the observational and instrumental limitations, data reduction and analysis, and some caveats. A description of the FITS structure of spectral files and parameter catalogs is also provided.展开更多
乳腺增生病(Hyperplastic disease of breast, HDB)是我国育龄女性最常见的乳腺疾病,且发病率呈逐年上升趋势。青春期至绝经期间均可发病,且近年来发病年龄呈低龄化,其恶变率随年龄增长而逐渐增加。HDB与乳腺癌有共同的危险因素,癌变危...乳腺增生病(Hyperplastic disease of breast, HDB)是我国育龄女性最常见的乳腺疾病,且发病率呈逐年上升趋势。青春期至绝经期间均可发病,且近年来发病年龄呈低龄化,其恶变率随年龄增长而逐渐增加。HDB与乳腺癌有共同的危险因素,癌变危险性较正常人高,尤其是乳腺不典型增生已被公认为乳腺癌的癌前病变,所以HDB的危害不容小觑。现代医学、传统医学及二者结合治疗HDB的各种方案中,药物治疗都起着至关重要的作用,不同药物作用机制不同,甚至有些药物作用机制尚不明确。综述目前治疗HDB的药物及其具体作用机制,并探讨其优缺点,为进一步探索研发出新的抗HDB药物提供较为全面及科学的参考。展开更多
The present study aimed at investigating the effects of Puerarin(PR), a major isoflavonoid isolated from the Chinese medicinal herb Puerariae radix, on bone metabolism and the underlying mechanism of action. The in vi...The present study aimed at investigating the effects of Puerarin(PR), a major isoflavonoid isolated from the Chinese medicinal herb Puerariae radix, on bone metabolism and the underlying mechanism of action. The in vivo assay, female mice were ovariectomized(OVX), and the OVX mice were fed with a diet containing low, middle, and high doses of PR(2, 4, and 8 mg·d^(-1), respectively) or 17β-estradiol(E_2, 0.03 μg·d^(-1)) for 4 weeks. In OVX mice, the uterine weight declined, and intake of PR at any dose did not affect uterine weight, compared with the control. The total femoral bone mineral density(BMD) was significantly reduced by OVX, which was reversed by intake of the diet with PR at any dose, especially at the low dose. In the in vitro assay, RAW264.7 cells were used for studying the direct effect of PR on the formation of osteoclasts. PR reduced the formation of tartrate resistant acid phosphatase(TRAP)-positive multi-nucleated cells in the RAW 264.7 cells induced by receptor activator for nuclear factor-κB Ligand(RANKL). MC3T3-E1 cells were used for studying the effects of PR on the expression of osteoprotegerin(OPG) and RANKL m RNA expression in osteoblasts. The expression of OPG m RNA and RANKL m RNA was detected by RT-PCR on Days of 5, 7, 10, and 12 after PR exposure. PR time-dependently enhanced the expression of OPG m RNA and reduced the expression of RANKL m RNA in MC3T3-E1 cells. In conclusion, our results suggest that PR can effectively prevent bone loss in OVX mice without any hyperplastic effect on the uterus, and the antiosteoporosis activity of PR may be related to its effects on the formation of osteoclasts and the expression of RANKL OPG in osteoblasts.展开更多
Background One stage transanal Soave pull-through procedure （TSPP） is a recent popular operation in the treatment of Hirschsprung＇s disease （HD）. With no visible scar and a short hospital stay, it is well accepte...Background One stage transanal Soave pull-through procedure （TSPP） is a recent popular operation in the treatment of Hirschsprung＇s disease （HD）. With no visible scar and a short hospital stay, it is well accepted by surgeons and mothers. In the conventional Soave procedure, a long rectal muscular cuff left for anocolic anastomosis might increase the incidence of postoperative enterocolitis and constipation. This study presents a modified transanal Soave pull-through procedure （MTSPP） which includes an oblique mucosectomy and an oblique anastomosis with a short split muscular cuff.. Methods A review of two groups of HD patients was made： 112 underwent conventional transanal Soave procedure from 1999 to 2001 （group 1） and 140 underwent modified transanal Soave procedure from 2002 to 2004 （group 2）. A comparison was made between the two groups on operative data and postoperative complications. The data included： age at the operation, operating time, blood loss, time to feeds and hospital stay, occurrence of postoperative enterocolitis or constipation, need for anal dilatation, postoperative bowel function and perianal skin problems. Results There was no significant difference between two groups with respect to age, gender, length of colon resected, operating time, blood loss and hospital stay. However occurrence of postoperative enterocolitis, constipation, anastomotic stricture and time needed for anal dilatation were evidently less in group 2 （MTSPP）. The mean operating time in group 1 was （106 ± 39） minutes with a range of 60 to 170 minutes; in group 2 was （101 ± 36） minutes with a range of 66 to 190 minutes. The average length of the bowel resected in group 1 was （24 ± 7） cm, range 15 to 58 cm; in group 2 was （26 ± 8） cm, range 15 to 70 cm. Two patients, one in each group, required laparoscopic assistance because of long aganglionic colon. Another patient in group 2 required laparotomy because of total colonic aganglionosis. Postoperative complications in group 展开更多
Several photorespiratory bypasses have been introduced into plants and shown to improve photosynthesis by increasing chloroplastic C02 concentrations or optimizing energy balance.We recently reported that an engineere...Several photorespiratory bypasses have been introduced into plants and shown to improve photosynthesis by increasing chloroplastic C02 concentrations or optimizing energy balance.We recently reported that an engineered GOC bypass could increase photosynthesis and productivity in rice.However,the grain yield of GOC plants was unstable,fluctuating in different cultivation seasons because of varying seed setting rates.In this study,we designed a synthetic photorespiratory shortcut(the GCGT bypass)consisting of genes en-coding Oryza sativa glycolate oxidase and Escherichia coli catalase,glyoxylate carboligase,and tartronic semialdehyde reductase.The GCGT bypass was guided by an optimized chloroplast transit peptide that targeted rice chloroplasts and redirected 75% of carbon from glycolate metabolism to the Calvin cycle,identical to the native photorespiration pathway.GCGT transgenic plants exhibited significantly increased biomass production and grain yield,which were mainly attributed to enhanced photosynthesis due to increased chloroplastic C02 concentrations.Despite the increases in biomass production and grain yield,GCGT transgenic plants showed a reduced seed setting rate,a phenotype previously reported for the GOC plants.Integrative transcriptomic,physiological,and biochemical assays revealed that photosynthetic car-bohydrates were not transported to grains in an efficient manner,thereby reducing the seed setting rate.Taken together,our results demonstrate that the GCGT photorespiratory shortcut confers higher yield by promoting photosynthesis in rice,mainly through increasing chloroplastic C02 concentrations.展开更多
Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is highly prevalent among older men, impacting on their quality of life, sexual function, and genitourinary health, and has become an important global burden of disease. Transurethra...Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is highly prevalent among older men, impacting on their quality of life, sexual function, and genitourinary health, and has become an important global burden of disease. Transurethral plasmakinetic resection of prostate (TUPKP) is one of the foremost surgical procedures for the treatment of BPH. It has become well established in clinical practice with good efficacy and safety. In 2018, we issued the guideline “2018 Standard Edition”. However much new direct evidence has now emerged and this may change some of previous recommendations. The time is ripe to develop new evidence-based guidelines, so we formed a working group of clinical experts and methodologists. The steering group members posed 31 questions relevant to the management of TUPKP for BPH covering the following areas: questions relevant to the perioperative period (preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative) of TUPKP in the treatment of BPH, postoperative complications and the level of surgeons’ surgical skill. We searched the literature for direct evidence on the management of TUPKP for BPH, and assessed its certainty generated recommendations using the grade criteria by the European Association of Urology. Recommendations were either strong or weak, or in the form of an ungraded consensus-based statement. Finally, we issued 36 statements. Among them, 23 carried strong recommendations, and 13 carried weak recommendations for the stated procedure. They covered questions relevant to the aforementioned three areas. The preoperative period for TUPKP in the treatment of BPH included indications and contraindications for TUPKP, precautions for preoperative preparation in patients with renal impairment and urinary tract infection due to urinary retention, and preoperative prophylactic use of antibiotics. Questions relevant to the intraoperative period incorporated surgical operation techniques and prevention and management of bladder explosion. The application to different populations incorporating the efficacy an展开更多
A phase Ⅰ/Ⅱ clinical trial for treating malignant melanoma by boron neutron capture therapy（BNCT） was designed to evaluate whether the world＇s first in-hospital neutron irradiator（IHNI） was qualified for BNCT. ...A phase Ⅰ/Ⅱ clinical trial for treating malignant melanoma by boron neutron capture therapy（BNCT） was designed to evaluate whether the world＇s first in-hospital neutron irradiator（IHNI） was qualified for BNCT. In this clinical trial planning to enroll 30 patients, the first case was treated on August 19, 2014. We present the protocol of this clinical trial, the treating procedure, and the clinical outcome of this first case. Only grade 2 acute radiation injury was observed during the first four weeks after BNCT and the injury healed after treatment. No late radiation injury was found during the 24-month follow-up. Based on positron emission tomography-computed tomography（PET/CT） scan, pathological analysis and gross examination, the patient showed a complete response to BNCT,indicating that BNCT is a potent therapy against malignant melanoma and IHNI has the potential to enable the delivery of BNCT in hospitals.展开更多
Caragana microphylla Lam., a pioneer leguminous shrub species for vegetation re-establishment, is widely distributed in the semi-fixed and fixed sandy lands of the Horqin region. Some soil chemical and physical proper...Caragana microphylla Lam., a pioneer leguminous shrub species for vegetation re-establishment, is widely distributed in the semi-fixed and fixed sandy lands of the Horqin region. Some soil chemical and physical properties were measured under the canopy of C. microphylla and in the adjacent open areas to determine the effects of individual shrubs on soil properties. The influence of isolated C. microphylla on chemical and physical properties of the topsoil was significantly different between plots under the shrub canopy and in the shrub interspaces. Beneath the shrub canopy greater amounts of fine particle fractions, a higher water-holding capacity, and a lower bulk density, as well as higher aboveground and belowground litter biomass were found. Soil organic C and total N concentrations were 23%-31.6% and 14%-27.2% higher under the shrub canopies than in the shrub interspaces, respectively, giving rise to 'islands of fertility'. In a desertified sandy grassland ecosystem, C. microphylla was believed to play a major role in organic C sequestration, N accumulation, and the hydrologic cycle. Additionally, it has been found to be of ecological importance for vegetative restoration and reversal of desertification.展开更多
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma （PPAR）,） coactivator-1 alpha （PGC-1α） coactivates multiple transcription factors and regulates several metabolic processes. The current study investigated the rol...Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma （PPAR）,） coactivator-1 alpha （PGC-1α） coactivates multiple transcription factors and regulates several metabolic processes. The current study investigated the role of PGC-1α in the induction of apoptosis in human epithelial ovarian cancer cells. The PGC-1α mRNA level between human ovaries and human ovarian epithelial tumors was examined by quantitative RT-PCR. Less PGC- 1α expression was found in the surface epithelium of malignant tumors compared with normal ovaries. Overexpression of PGC-1α in human epithelial ovarian cancer cell line Ho-8910 induced cell apoptosis through the coordinated regulation of Bcl-2 and Bax expression. Microarray analyses confirmed that PGC-1α dramatically affected the apoptosis-related genes in Ho-8910 cells. Mitochondrial functional assay showed that the induction of apoptosis was through the terminal stage by the release of cytochrome c. Furthermore, PG-C- 1 α-induced apoptosis was partially, but not completely, blocked by PPAR）, antagonist （GW9662）, and suppression of PPAR）, expression by siRNA also inhibited PGC-1α-induced apoptosis in Ho-8910 cells. These data suggested that PGC-1α exerted its effect through a PPARγ-dependent pathway. Our findings indicated that PGC-1α was involved in the apoptotic signal transduction pathways and downregulation of PGC-1α may be a key point in promoting epithelial ovarian cancer growth and progression.展开更多
文摘Objective To investigate the early diagnosis and treatment of cesarean scar pregnancy （CSP）. Methods Clinical data of 28 patients with CSP in Peking Union Medical College Hospital from January 1994 to April 2007, including age, interval from the last cesarean delivery to diagnosis, clinical presentation, location of the lesion, process of diagnosis and treatment, outcome, and follow-up, were retrospectively analyzed. Re, salts CSP constituted 1.05 % of all ectopic pregnancies, and the ratio of CSP to pregnancy was 1 ： 1 221. The mean age of the group was 31.4 years. Twenty-six women had only one prior cesarean delivery. The interval from the last cesarean delivery to diagnosis ranged from 4 months to 15 years. The most common presenting symptoms of CSP were amenorrhoea and vaginal bleeding. Seventeen cases were misdiagnosed as early intrauterine pregnancies and 2 were misdiagnosed as gestational trophoblastic tumor. The other 9 were diagnosed definitely before treatment. The diagnosis was made based on cesarean delivery history, gynecologic examination, ultrasound, and magnetic resonance imaging （MRI）. The treatment of CSP included systemic or local methotrexate administration, conservative surgery, and hysterectomy. The conservative treatment was successful in 24 cases. All of the 28 women were cured through individual therapies. Conclusions CSP is rare and usually misdiagnosed as other diseases. Ultrasound is valuable for diagnosing CSP, and MRI can be used as an adjunct to ultrasound scan. Early diagnosis offers the options of conservative treatment and greatly improves the outcome of patients. Individual therapy is strongly recommended.
文摘The Large Sky Area Multi-Object Fiber Spectroscopic Telescope (LAMOST, also called the Guo Shou Jing Telescope) is a special reflecting Schmidt telescope. LAMOST’s special design allows both a large aperture (effective aperture of 3.6 m–4.9 m) and a wide field of view (FOV) (5°). It has an innovative active reflecting Schmidt configuration which continuously changes the mirror’s surface that adjusts during the observation process and combines thin deformable mirror active optics with segmented active optics. Its primary mirror (6.67m×6.05 m) and active Schmidt mirror (5.74m×4.40 m) are both segmented, and composed of 37 and 24 hexagonal sub-mirrors respectively. By using a parallel controllable fiber positioning technique, the focal surface of 1.75 m in diameter can accommodate 4000 optical fibers. Also, LAMOST has 16 spectrographs with 32 CCD cameras. LAMOST will be the telescope with the highest rate of spectral acquisition. As a national large scientific project, the LAMOST project was formally proposed in 1996, and approved by the Chinese government in 1997. The construction started in 2001, was completed in 2008 and passed the official acceptance in June 2009. The LAMOST pilot survey was started in October 2011 and the spectroscopic survey will launch in September 2012. Up to now, LAMOST has released more than 480 000 spectra of objects. LAMOST will make an important contribution to the study of the large-scale structure of the Universe, structure and evolution of the Galaxy, and cross-identification of multiwaveband properties in celestial objects.
文摘AIM：To estimate the effect of a therapeutic vaccine against pancreatic carcinoma based on dendritic cell(DC)vaccine modified with tumor lysate and Interleukin-18 gene.METHODS:The BALB/C mice model of pancreatic arcinoma was induced with DMBA,DCvaccine was construted through pulsed with tumor lysate and transfected by the recombinant adenoviral vector encoding IL-18gene.The immnotherapeutic effects of DC vaccine on mice with pancreatic carcinoma were assessed (divided intoD-IL18-Lysate group,DC-Lysate group,DC-IL18 group,DC group,PBSgroup).RESULTS:After vaccination of the DC vaccine,the concentration of IL-18and IFN-γwere 2161±439ng·L^-1and435±72ng·L^-1inDC-IL18-Lysate group and there was significant difference compared with other groups(P<0.01)After vaccination of the DCcvaccine,the transplanted tumors were observed on 30days inDC-Lysate groups.on 16daysinDC-IL18groups.on3days in control group,but mice remained tumor-free for at least50days in DC-IL18-Lysate group and there was significant difference between DC-IL18-Lysate group and other groups(P<0.01).The median survival exceeds62days in DC-IL18-Lysate group.But the medsian surival was 48.6days in DC-Lysate group,33days in DC-IL-18group,17days in PBSgroup.The survival period was obviously prolonged in DC-IL18-Lysate group than in other groups(P<0.05,P<0.01).The weight of pancreatic tumor was0.22±0.083ginDC-IL18-Lysate group,1.45±0.74ginDC-Lysate group,1.89±1.34gin DC-IL18group,3.0±1.6ginDCgroup,2.9±2.0ginPBSgroup and the weight of tumor obviously reduced in DC-IL-18-Lysate group than in other groups(P<0.05,P<0.01).CONCLUSION:DC vaccine modified with tumo lysate and Interleukin-18gene can induce a specific and effective immune response against pancreatic cancinoma,cell.
文摘Background:As a large,prospective,multicenter study-based prognostic score for hepatitis B virus-related acute-on-chronic liver failure(HBV-ACLF),the Chinese group on the study of severe hepatitis B-acute-on-chronic liver failure score(COSSH-ACLFs),has been approved by some foreign scholars;however,its predictive value needs to be verified.This study investigated the predictive value of COSSH-ACLFs for short-term prognosis in Chinese patients with HBV-ACLF.Methods:This retrospective cohort study included 751 patients with HBV-ACLF admitted to the Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital between January 2011 and December 2014.Spearman method was used to assess the correlation of COSSHACLFs with classical scores.Different COX multivariate regression models were used to confirm the relationship between COSSHACLFs and short-term prognosis in patients with HBV-ACLF,and stratified analysis was used to further verify the stability of this relationship.We compared the predictive powers of COSSH-ACLFs and other classical scores using area under the receiver operating characteristic curve(AUROC)and Z-test.Results:A total of 975 patients with HBV-ACLF were screened,and 751 were analyzed(623 male and 128 female).COSSH-ACLFs was the highest in patients with end-stage ACLF,followed by those with middle-and early-stage ACLF(H=211.8,P<0.001).In the fully adjusted model,COX multivariate regression analysis revealed that COSSH-ACLFs(as a continuous variable)was independently and positively correlated with mortality risk in patients with HBV-ACLF at 28 days(hazard ratio[HR]:1.37[1.22,1.53],P<0.001)and 90 days(HR:1.43[1.29,1.58],P<0.001).The same trend could be observed in the crude model and minimally adjusted model.The AUROCs of COSSH-ACLFs for 28-day and 90-day prognoses in patients with HBV-ACLF were 0.807 and 0.792,respectively,indicating a stronger predictive accuracy than those of classic models.Conclusions:COSSH-ACLFs,with a superior predictive accuracy compared with other classical scores,can strongly predict sh
基金funded by the National Basic Research Program of China (973 Program, 2014CB845700)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 11390371)Funding for the project has been provided by the National Development and Reform Commission
文摘The Large sky Area Multi-Object Fiber Spectroscopic Telescope（LAMOST） general survey is a spectroscopic survey that will eventually cover approximately half of the celestial sphere and collect 10 million spectra of stars, galaxies and QSOs. Objects in both the pilot survey and the first year regular survey are included in the LAMOST DR1. The pilot survey started in October 2011 and ended in June 2012, and the data have been released to the public as the LAMOST Pilot Data Release in August 2012. The regular survey started in September 2012, and completed its first year of operation in June 2013. The LAMOST DR1 includes a total of 1202 plates containing 2 955 336 spectra, of which 1 790 879 spectra have observed signalto-noise ratio（SNR） ≥ 10. All data with SNR ≥ 2 are formally released as LAMOST DR1 under the LAMOST data policy. This data release contains a total of 2 204 696 spectra, of which 1 944 329 are stellar spectra, 12 082 are galaxy spectra and 5017 are quasars. The DR1 not only includes spectra, but also three stellar catalogs with measured parameters： late A,FGK-type stars with high quality spectra（1 061 918 entries）, A-type stars（100 073 entries）, and M-type stars（121 522 entries）. This paper introduces the survey design, the observational and instrumental limitations, data reduction and analysis, and some caveats. A description of the FITS structure of spectral files and parameter catalogs is also provided.
文摘乳腺增生病(Hyperplastic disease of breast, HDB)是我国育龄女性最常见的乳腺疾病,且发病率呈逐年上升趋势。青春期至绝经期间均可发病,且近年来发病年龄呈低龄化,其恶变率随年龄增长而逐渐增加。HDB与乳腺癌有共同的危险因素,癌变危险性较正常人高,尤其是乳腺不典型增生已被公认为乳腺癌的癌前病变,所以HDB的危害不容小觑。现代医学、传统医学及二者结合治疗HDB的各种方案中,药物治疗都起着至关重要的作用,不同药物作用机制不同,甚至有些药物作用机制尚不明确。综述目前治疗HDB的药物及其具体作用机制,并探讨其优缺点,为进一步探索研发出新的抗HDB药物提供较为全面及科学的参考。
基金supported by a grant from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.30873290)
文摘The present study aimed at investigating the effects of Puerarin(PR), a major isoflavonoid isolated from the Chinese medicinal herb Puerariae radix, on bone metabolism and the underlying mechanism of action. The in vivo assay, female mice were ovariectomized(OVX), and the OVX mice were fed with a diet containing low, middle, and high doses of PR(2, 4, and 8 mg·d^(-1), respectively) or 17β-estradiol(E_2, 0.03 μg·d^(-1)) for 4 weeks. In OVX mice, the uterine weight declined, and intake of PR at any dose did not affect uterine weight, compared with the control. The total femoral bone mineral density(BMD) was significantly reduced by OVX, which was reversed by intake of the diet with PR at any dose, especially at the low dose. In the in vitro assay, RAW264.7 cells were used for studying the direct effect of PR on the formation of osteoclasts. PR reduced the formation of tartrate resistant acid phosphatase(TRAP)-positive multi-nucleated cells in the RAW 264.7 cells induced by receptor activator for nuclear factor-κB Ligand(RANKL). MC3T3-E1 cells were used for studying the effects of PR on the expression of osteoprotegerin(OPG) and RANKL m RNA expression in osteoblasts. The expression of OPG m RNA and RANKL m RNA was detected by RT-PCR on Days of 5, 7, 10, and 12 after PR exposure. PR time-dependently enhanced the expression of OPG m RNA and reduced the expression of RANKL m RNA in MC3T3-E1 cells. In conclusion, our results suggest that PR can effectively prevent bone loss in OVX mice without any hyperplastic effect on the uterus, and the antiosteoporosis activity of PR may be related to its effects on the formation of osteoclasts and the expression of RANKL OPG in osteoblasts.
文摘Background One stage transanal Soave pull-through procedure （TSPP） is a recent popular operation in the treatment of Hirschsprung＇s disease （HD）. With no visible scar and a short hospital stay, it is well accepted by surgeons and mothers. In the conventional Soave procedure, a long rectal muscular cuff left for anocolic anastomosis might increase the incidence of postoperative enterocolitis and constipation. This study presents a modified transanal Soave pull-through procedure （MTSPP） which includes an oblique mucosectomy and an oblique anastomosis with a short split muscular cuff.. Methods A review of two groups of HD patients was made： 112 underwent conventional transanal Soave procedure from 1999 to 2001 （group 1） and 140 underwent modified transanal Soave procedure from 2002 to 2004 （group 2）. A comparison was made between the two groups on operative data and postoperative complications. The data included： age at the operation, operating time, blood loss, time to feeds and hospital stay, occurrence of postoperative enterocolitis or constipation, need for anal dilatation, postoperative bowel function and perianal skin problems. Results There was no significant difference between two groups with respect to age, gender, length of colon resected, operating time, blood loss and hospital stay. However occurrence of postoperative enterocolitis, constipation, anastomotic stricture and time needed for anal dilatation were evidently less in group 2 （MTSPP）. The mean operating time in group 1 was （106 ± 39） minutes with a range of 60 to 170 minutes; in group 2 was （101 ± 36） minutes with a range of 66 to 190 minutes. The average length of the bowel resected in group 1 was （24 ± 7） cm, range 15 to 58 cm; in group 2 was （26 ± 8） cm, range 15 to 70 cm. Two patients, one in each group, required laparoscopic assistance because of long aganglionic colon. Another patient in group 2 required laparotomy because of total colonic aganglionosis. Postoperative complications in group
基金Major Program of Guangdong Basic and Applied Research(2019B030302006)the National Key Research and Development Program(2020YFA0907600),China.
文摘Several photorespiratory bypasses have been introduced into plants and shown to improve photosynthesis by increasing chloroplastic C02 concentrations or optimizing energy balance.We recently reported that an engineered GOC bypass could increase photosynthesis and productivity in rice.However,the grain yield of GOC plants was unstable,fluctuating in different cultivation seasons because of varying seed setting rates.In this study,we designed a synthetic photorespiratory shortcut(the GCGT bypass)consisting of genes en-coding Oryza sativa glycolate oxidase and Escherichia coli catalase,glyoxylate carboligase,and tartronic semialdehyde reductase.The GCGT bypass was guided by an optimized chloroplast transit peptide that targeted rice chloroplasts and redirected 75% of carbon from glycolate metabolism to the Calvin cycle,identical to the native photorespiration pathway.GCGT transgenic plants exhibited significantly increased biomass production and grain yield,which were mainly attributed to enhanced photosynthesis due to increased chloroplastic C02 concentrations.Despite the increases in biomass production and grain yield,GCGT transgenic plants showed a reduced seed setting rate,a phenotype previously reported for the GOC plants.Integrative transcriptomic,physiological,and biochemical assays revealed that photosynthetic car-bohydrates were not transported to grains in an efficient manner,thereby reducing the seed setting rate.Taken together,our results demonstrate that the GCGT photorespiratory shortcut confers higher yield by promoting photosynthesis in rice,mainly through increasing chloroplastic C02 concentrations.
基金the National Key Research and Development Plan of China(Technology helps Economy 20202016YFC0106300)+1 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(82174230)Major Program Fund of Technical Innovation Project of Department of Science and Technology of Hubei Province(2016ACAl52).
文摘Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is highly prevalent among older men, impacting on their quality of life, sexual function, and genitourinary health, and has become an important global burden of disease. Transurethral plasmakinetic resection of prostate (TUPKP) is one of the foremost surgical procedures for the treatment of BPH. It has become well established in clinical practice with good efficacy and safety. In 2018, we issued the guideline “2018 Standard Edition”. However much new direct evidence has now emerged and this may change some of previous recommendations. The time is ripe to develop new evidence-based guidelines, so we formed a working group of clinical experts and methodologists. The steering group members posed 31 questions relevant to the management of TUPKP for BPH covering the following areas: questions relevant to the perioperative period (preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative) of TUPKP in the treatment of BPH, postoperative complications and the level of surgeons’ surgical skill. We searched the literature for direct evidence on the management of TUPKP for BPH, and assessed its certainty generated recommendations using the grade criteria by the European Association of Urology. Recommendations were either strong or weak, or in the form of an ungraded consensus-based statement. Finally, we issued 36 statements. Among them, 23 carried strong recommendations, and 13 carried weak recommendations for the stated procedure. They covered questions relevant to the aforementioned three areas. The preoperative period for TUPKP in the treatment of BPH included indications and contraindications for TUPKP, precautions for preoperative preparation in patients with renal impairment and urinary tract infection due to urinary retention, and preoperative prophylactic use of antibiotics. Questions relevant to the intraoperative period incorporated surgical operation techniques and prevention and management of bladder explosion. The application to different populations incorporating the efficacy an
基金supported by the National Science&Technology Pillar Program during the 12th Five-Year Plan Period(No.2013BAI01B08)the Major Program of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51290295)
文摘A phase Ⅰ/Ⅱ clinical trial for treating malignant melanoma by boron neutron capture therapy（BNCT） was designed to evaluate whether the world＇s first in-hospital neutron irradiator（IHNI） was qualified for BNCT. In this clinical trial planning to enroll 30 patients, the first case was treated on August 19, 2014. We present the protocol of this clinical trial, the treating procedure, and the clinical outcome of this first case. Only grade 2 acute radiation injury was observed during the first four weeks after BNCT and the injury healed after treatment. No late radiation injury was found during the 24-month follow-up. Based on positron emission tomography-computed tomography（PET/CT） scan, pathological analysis and gross examination, the patient showed a complete response to BNCT,indicating that BNCT is a potent therapy against malignant melanoma and IHNI has the potential to enable the delivery of BNCT in hospitals.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 40471004 and 40471083)the Innovation Foundation from the Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences (No. 2004110)
文摘Caragana microphylla Lam., a pioneer leguminous shrub species for vegetation re-establishment, is widely distributed in the semi-fixed and fixed sandy lands of the Horqin region. Some soil chemical and physical properties were measured under the canopy of C. microphylla and in the adjacent open areas to determine the effects of individual shrubs on soil properties. The influence of isolated C. microphylla on chemical and physical properties of the topsoil was significantly different between plots under the shrub canopy and in the shrub interspaces. Beneath the shrub canopy greater amounts of fine particle fractions, a higher water-holding capacity, and a lower bulk density, as well as higher aboveground and belowground litter biomass were found. Soil organic C and total N concentrations were 23%-31.6% and 14%-27.2% higher under the shrub canopies than in the shrub interspaces, respectively, giving rise to 'islands of fertility'. In a desertified sandy grassland ecosystem, C. microphylla was believed to play a major role in organic C sequestration, N accumulation, and the hydrologic cycle. Additionally, it has been found to be of ecological importance for vegetative restoration and reversal of desertification.
基金This work was supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China （No. 30225037, 30400538, 30471991,30570731）；the 973 Program of China （No. 2006CB503909, 2004CB518603）；the ＂111＂ Project, and the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province （No. BK2004082, BK2006714）.
文摘Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma （PPAR）,） coactivator-1 alpha （PGC-1α） coactivates multiple transcription factors and regulates several metabolic processes. The current study investigated the role of PGC-1α in the induction of apoptosis in human epithelial ovarian cancer cells. The PGC-1α mRNA level between human ovaries and human ovarian epithelial tumors was examined by quantitative RT-PCR. Less PGC- 1α expression was found in the surface epithelium of malignant tumors compared with normal ovaries. Overexpression of PGC-1α in human epithelial ovarian cancer cell line Ho-8910 induced cell apoptosis through the coordinated regulation of Bcl-2 and Bax expression. Microarray analyses confirmed that PGC-1α dramatically affected the apoptosis-related genes in Ho-8910 cells. Mitochondrial functional assay showed that the induction of apoptosis was through the terminal stage by the release of cytochrome c. Furthermore, PG-C- 1 α-induced apoptosis was partially, but not completely, blocked by PPAR）, antagonist （GW9662）, and suppression of PPAR）, expression by siRNA also inhibited PGC-1α-induced apoptosis in Ho-8910 cells. These data suggested that PGC-1α exerted its effect through a PPARγ-dependent pathway. Our findings indicated that PGC-1α was involved in the apoptotic signal transduction pathways and downregulation of PGC-1α may be a key point in promoting epithelial ovarian cancer growth and progression.
