Background and Aims:Hepatitis B surface antigen(HBsAg)clearance is significantly more common in children with chronic hepatitis B(CHB)than in adults;however,the possible influencing factors related to HBsAg loss have ...Background and Aims:Hepatitis B surface antigen(HBsAg)clearance is significantly more common in children with chronic hepatitis B(CHB)than in adults;however,the possible influencing factors related to HBsAg loss have yet to be found.This study aimed to explore the efficacy of long-term interferon(IFN)αtherapy in treating children with CHB and analyzed the factors influencing functional cure after treatment.Methods:A total of 236 children aged 1–6 years and diagnosed with CHB via liver biopsy were included in the study,all receiving IFNαtreatment(IFNα-2b monotherapy,IFNα-2b followed by lamivudine[LAM]or IFNα-2b combined with LAM)and followed up for 144 weeks.A comprehensive analysis was conducted on clinical data,including biochemical items,serum markers of hepatitis B virus(HBV)and immunological indexes,and logistic regression analysis was used to screen the influencing factors related to HBsAg loss.Results:The cumulative loss rates of HBsAg were 79.5%,62.1%and 42.1%at 144 weeks after the start of treatment in the 1–3 years-old group,3–5 years-old group and 5–7 years-old group,respectively(p<0.05).IFNα-2b combined with LAM treatment displayed the highest HBsAg loss rates compared with monotherapy and sequential treatment(p=0.011).Younger baseline age and lower HBsAg levels were independent factors for the prediction of HBsAg loss(p<0.05).The baseline PreS1 and hepatitis B core antibody levels in the HBsAg loss group were lower than those in the HBsAg non-loss group.In addition,the PreS1 level was positively corelated with the level of HBsAg,HBV DNA and liver inflammation.Conclusions:Long-term treatment with IFNαwas effective in achieving HBsAg loss in CHB children aged 1–6 years-old.Age less than 3 years-old and lower HBsAg levels are independent predictors of functional cure in children with CHB.展开更多
Intercellular cross-talk plays important roles in cancer progression and metastasis.Yet how these cancer cells interact with each other is still largely unknown.Exosomes released by tumor cells have been proved to be ...Intercellular cross-talk plays important roles in cancer progression and metastasis.Yet how these cancer cells interact with each other is still largely unknown.Exosomes released by tumor cells have been proved to be effective cell-to-cell signal mediators.We explored the functional roles of exosomes in metastasis and the potential prognostic values for hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC).Exosomes were extracted from HCC cells of different metastatic potentials.The metastatic effects of exosomes derived from highly metastatic HCC cells(HMH)were evaluated both in vitro and in vivo.Exosomal proteins were identified with iTRAQ mass spectrum and verified in cell lines,xenograft tumor samples,and functional analyses.Exosomes released by HMH significantly enhanced the in vitro invasion and in vivo metastasis of low metastatic HCC cells(LMH).S100 calcium-binding protein A4(S100A4)was identified as a functional factor in exosomes derived from HMH.S100A4r,ch exosomes significantly promoted tumor metastasis both in vitro and in vivo compared with S100A4^(rich) exosomes or controls.Moreover,exosomal S100A4 could induce expression of osteopontin(OPN),along with other tumor metastasis/stemness-related genes.Exosomal S100A4 activated OPN transcription via STAT3 phosphorylation.HCC patients with high exosomal S100A4 in plasma also had a poorer prognosis.In conclusion,exosomes from HMH could promote the metastatic potential of LMH,and exosomal S100A4 is a key enhancer for HCC metastasis,activating STAT3 phosphorylation and up-regulating OPN expression.This suggested exosomal S100A4 to be a novel prognostic marker and therapeutic target for HCC metastasis.展开更多
China is now confronting the intertwined challenges of air pollution and climate change.Given the high synergies between air pollution abatement and climate change mitigation,the Chinese government is actively promoti...China is now confronting the intertwined challenges of air pollution and climate change.Given the high synergies between air pollution abatement and climate change mitigation,the Chinese government is actively promoting synergetic control of these two issues.The Synergetic Roadmap project was launched in 2021 to track and analyze the progress of synergetic control in China by developing and monitoring key indicators.The Synergetic Roadmap 2022 report is the first annual update,featuring 20 indicators across five aspects:synergetic governance system and practices,progress in structural transition,air pollution and associated weather-climate interactions,sources,sinks,and mitigation pathway of atmospheric composition,and health impacts and benefits of coordinated control.Compared to the comprehensive review presented in the 2021 report,the Synergetic Roadmap 2022 report places particular emphasis on progress in 2021 with highlights on actions in key sectors and the relevant milestones.These milestones include the proportion of non-fossil power generation capacity surpassing coal-fired capacity for the first time,a decline in the production of crude steel and cement after years of growth,and the surging penetration of electric vehicles.Additionally,in 2022,China issued the first national policy that synergizes abatements of pollution and carbon emissions,marking a new era for China's pollution-carbon co-control.These changes highlight China's efforts to reshape its energy,economic,and transportation structures to meet the demand for synergetic control and sustainable development.Consequently,the country has witnessed a slowdown in carbon emission growth,improved air quality,and increased health benefits in recent years.展开更多
Dendrites growth,chemical corrosion,and hydrogen evolution reaction(HER)on zinc anodes are the main barriers for the development of aqueous zinc-ion batteries(AZIBs).Constructing interfacial protec-tive layer is an ef...Dendrites growth,chemical corrosion,and hydrogen evolution reaction(HER)on zinc anodes are the main barriers for the development of aqueous zinc-ion batteries(AZIBs).Constructing interfacial protec-tive layer is an effective way to alleviate the side reactions on the anodes.Herein,Cu/Ti_(3)C_(2)Cl_(2)MXene(CMX)with high zincophilic and hydrophobic property is prepared by the lewis molten salts etching method,and the CMX interface protection layer is constructed by a simple spin coating.The CMX coat-ing layer can provide abundant nucleation sites and uniformize the charge distribution through the zin-cophilic Ti_(3)C_(2)Cl_(2)MXene matrix,leading to homogenous Zn deposition.In addition,the hydrophobic coat-ing contained anti-corrosive Cu nanoparticles can prevent the Zn anode from the electrolyte,beneficial for suppressing the chemical corrosion and HER.Therefore,the stable and reversible Zn plating/stripping is achieved for the Zn anode coated by the CMX,which exhibits the lifespan of over 1400 h at 0.5 mA cm^(−2),and even can steadily run for 700 h with 65 mV at 10 mA cm^(−2).Furthermore,CMX@Zn shows a high coulombic efficiency of over 100%for 3800 cycles,which indicates that the CMX@Zn electrode has excellent stability and reversibility of Zn stripping/plating.The full batteries assembled with ZnCoMnO/C(ZCM)cathodes also exhibits higher capacity(450.6 mAh g^(−1)at 0.1 A g^(−1))and cycle stability(capacity retention of 70%after 1500 cycles).This work enhanced the lifespan of AZIBs and broaden the research of multifunctional coating layer to other secondary batteries based on metal anodes.展开更多
Objective:This study investigated the regulatory effect of non-classical immune parameters on immune thrombocytopenic purpura(ITP)mice by a spleen-invigorating,qi-replenishing and blood-containing formula(SQBF).Method...Objective:This study investigated the regulatory effect of non-classical immune parameters on immune thrombocytopenic purpura(ITP)mice by a spleen-invigorating,qi-replenishing and blood-containing formula(SQBF).Method:A total of 80 BALB/c mice were randomly divided into four equal groups(20 mice each):control group,model group,prednisone group and spleen-invigorating,qi-replenishing and blood-containing(SQBF)group.Mice in the model group,prednisone group,and SQBF group were administered anti-platelet serum to induce ITP.The dynamic variations of platelet counts in ITP mice were measured with an automatic blood analyzer before modeling and 48 h,and 8,12 and 15 days following APS injection.Levels of b-endorphin(b-EP),vasoactive intestinal peptide(VIP)and salivary IgA(SIgA)were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA)on 15th day of experiment.Results:SQBF enhanced peripheral blood platelet counts in ITP mice similar to that of prednisone,and both groups showed a statistically significant response compared with the model group(P<.01).The SQBF significantly decreased b-EP levels compared with the model and prednisone intervention groups(P<.05),significantly increased the levels of VIP and SIgA in ITP mice compared with the model group(P<.05)and had significant protective effects on the thymus of ITP mice compared with the model group(P<.01).Conclusions:The SQBF had a similar effect to prednisone with regards to enhancing peripheral blood platelet counts in ITP mice.Furthermore,it decreased b-EP levels and increased VIP and SIgA,and protected the thymus.This shows that,on base of the brain-gut axis functions,some non-classical immune vascular active factors or neurotransmitters are also involved in immune responses,and also have relationship with the onset of ITP and bleeding and/or hemostasis.It needs further study to determine whether a change in these active factors is related to immediate hemostasis.展开更多
基金supported by the National Science and Technology Major Project of the Infectious Diseases(2018ZX10301404 to MZ and ZZ)the Shenzhen Science and Technology Innovation Committee(JCYJ20190809160213289)。
文摘Background and Aims:Hepatitis B surface antigen(HBsAg)clearance is significantly more common in children with chronic hepatitis B(CHB)than in adults;however,the possible influencing factors related to HBsAg loss have yet to be found.This study aimed to explore the efficacy of long-term interferon(IFN)αtherapy in treating children with CHB and analyzed the factors influencing functional cure after treatment.Methods:A total of 236 children aged 1–6 years and diagnosed with CHB via liver biopsy were included in the study,all receiving IFNαtreatment(IFNα-2b monotherapy,IFNα-2b followed by lamivudine[LAM]or IFNα-2b combined with LAM)and followed up for 144 weeks.A comprehensive analysis was conducted on clinical data,including biochemical items,serum markers of hepatitis B virus(HBV)and immunological indexes,and logistic regression analysis was used to screen the influencing factors related to HBsAg loss.Results:The cumulative loss rates of HBsAg were 79.5%,62.1%and 42.1%at 144 weeks after the start of treatment in the 1–3 years-old group,3–5 years-old group and 5–7 years-old group,respectively(p<0.05).IFNα-2b combined with LAM treatment displayed the highest HBsAg loss rates compared with monotherapy and sequential treatment(p=0.011).Younger baseline age and lower HBsAg levels were independent factors for the prediction of HBsAg loss(p<0.05).The baseline PreS1 and hepatitis B core antibody levels in the HBsAg loss group were lower than those in the HBsAg non-loss group.In addition,the PreS1 level was positively corelated with the level of HBsAg,HBV DNA and liver inflammation.Conclusions:Long-term treatment with IFNαwas effective in achieving HBsAg loss in CHB children aged 1–6 years-old.Age less than 3 years-old and lower HBsAg levels are independent predictors of functional cure in children with CHB.
基金supported by the Program of Shanghai Academic Research Leader(20XD1400900)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2017YFC1308604)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(81702857,81672820,81930074,91959203 and 81372647).
文摘Intercellular cross-talk plays important roles in cancer progression and metastasis.Yet how these cancer cells interact with each other is still largely unknown.Exosomes released by tumor cells have been proved to be effective cell-to-cell signal mediators.We explored the functional roles of exosomes in metastasis and the potential prognostic values for hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC).Exosomes were extracted from HCC cells of different metastatic potentials.The metastatic effects of exosomes derived from highly metastatic HCC cells(HMH)were evaluated both in vitro and in vivo.Exosomal proteins were identified with iTRAQ mass spectrum and verified in cell lines,xenograft tumor samples,and functional analyses.Exosomes released by HMH significantly enhanced the in vitro invasion and in vivo metastasis of low metastatic HCC cells(LMH).S100 calcium-binding protein A4(S100A4)was identified as a functional factor in exosomes derived from HMH.S100A4r,ch exosomes significantly promoted tumor metastasis both in vitro and in vivo compared with S100A4^(rich) exosomes or controls.Moreover,exosomal S100A4 could induce expression of osteopontin(OPN),along with other tumor metastasis/stemness-related genes.Exosomal S100A4 activated OPN transcription via STAT3 phosphorylation.HCC patients with high exosomal S100A4 in plasma also had a poorer prognosis.In conclusion,exosomes from HMH could promote the metastatic potential of LMH,and exosomal S100A4 is a key enhancer for HCC metastasis,activating STAT3 phosphorylation and up-regulating OPN expression.This suggested exosomal S100A4 to be a novel prognostic marker and therapeutic target for HCC metastasis.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,China(72243008,41921005,and 72140003)the Energy Foundation,China.
文摘China is now confronting the intertwined challenges of air pollution and climate change.Given the high synergies between air pollution abatement and climate change mitigation,the Chinese government is actively promoting synergetic control of these two issues.The Synergetic Roadmap project was launched in 2021 to track and analyze the progress of synergetic control in China by developing and monitoring key indicators.The Synergetic Roadmap 2022 report is the first annual update,featuring 20 indicators across five aspects:synergetic governance system and practices,progress in structural transition,air pollution and associated weather-climate interactions,sources,sinks,and mitigation pathway of atmospheric composition,and health impacts and benefits of coordinated control.Compared to the comprehensive review presented in the 2021 report,the Synergetic Roadmap 2022 report places particular emphasis on progress in 2021 with highlights on actions in key sectors and the relevant milestones.These milestones include the proportion of non-fossil power generation capacity surpassing coal-fired capacity for the first time,a decline in the production of crude steel and cement after years of growth,and the surging penetration of electric vehicles.Additionally,in 2022,China issued the first national policy that synergizes abatements of pollution and carbon emissions,marking a new era for China's pollution-carbon co-control.These changes highlight China's efforts to reshape its energy,economic,and transportation structures to meet the demand for synergetic control and sustainable development.Consequently,the country has witnessed a slowdown in carbon emission growth,improved air quality,and increased health benefits in recent years.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51962032)the program for Strong Youth Technology Leading Talents in Bingtuan Technological Innovation Talents(No.2023CB008-11)+1 种基金the Youth Innovative Top Talents Fund,Shihezi University(No.CXBJ202203)Youth Science and Technology Innovation Leading Talent Fund,Bashi Shihezi(No.2023RC02).
文摘Dendrites growth,chemical corrosion,and hydrogen evolution reaction(HER)on zinc anodes are the main barriers for the development of aqueous zinc-ion batteries(AZIBs).Constructing interfacial protec-tive layer is an effective way to alleviate the side reactions on the anodes.Herein,Cu/Ti_(3)C_(2)Cl_(2)MXene(CMX)with high zincophilic and hydrophobic property is prepared by the lewis molten salts etching method,and the CMX interface protection layer is constructed by a simple spin coating.The CMX coat-ing layer can provide abundant nucleation sites and uniformize the charge distribution through the zin-cophilic Ti_(3)C_(2)Cl_(2)MXene matrix,leading to homogenous Zn deposition.In addition,the hydrophobic coat-ing contained anti-corrosive Cu nanoparticles can prevent the Zn anode from the electrolyte,beneficial for suppressing the chemical corrosion and HER.Therefore,the stable and reversible Zn plating/stripping is achieved for the Zn anode coated by the CMX,which exhibits the lifespan of over 1400 h at 0.5 mA cm^(−2),and even can steadily run for 700 h with 65 mV at 10 mA cm^(−2).Furthermore,CMX@Zn shows a high coulombic efficiency of over 100%for 3800 cycles,which indicates that the CMX@Zn electrode has excellent stability and reversibility of Zn stripping/plating.The full batteries assembled with ZnCoMnO/C(ZCM)cathodes also exhibits higher capacity(450.6 mAh g^(−1)at 0.1 A g^(−1))and cycle stability(capacity retention of 70%after 1500 cycles).This work enhanced the lifespan of AZIBs and broaden the research of multifunctional coating layer to other secondary batteries based on metal anodes.
文摘Objective:This study investigated the regulatory effect of non-classical immune parameters on immune thrombocytopenic purpura(ITP)mice by a spleen-invigorating,qi-replenishing and blood-containing formula(SQBF).Method:A total of 80 BALB/c mice were randomly divided into four equal groups(20 mice each):control group,model group,prednisone group and spleen-invigorating,qi-replenishing and blood-containing(SQBF)group.Mice in the model group,prednisone group,and SQBF group were administered anti-platelet serum to induce ITP.The dynamic variations of platelet counts in ITP mice were measured with an automatic blood analyzer before modeling and 48 h,and 8,12 and 15 days following APS injection.Levels of b-endorphin(b-EP),vasoactive intestinal peptide(VIP)and salivary IgA(SIgA)were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA)on 15th day of experiment.Results:SQBF enhanced peripheral blood platelet counts in ITP mice similar to that of prednisone,and both groups showed a statistically significant response compared with the model group(P<.01).The SQBF significantly decreased b-EP levels compared with the model and prednisone intervention groups(P<.05),significantly increased the levels of VIP and SIgA in ITP mice compared with the model group(P<.05)and had significant protective effects on the thymus of ITP mice compared with the model group(P<.01).Conclusions:The SQBF had a similar effect to prednisone with regards to enhancing peripheral blood platelet counts in ITP mice.Furthermore,it decreased b-EP levels and increased VIP and SIgA,and protected the thymus.This shows that,on base of the brain-gut axis functions,some non-classical immune vascular active factors or neurotransmitters are also involved in immune responses,and also have relationship with the onset of ITP and bleeding and/or hemostasis.It needs further study to determine whether a change in these active factors is related to immediate hemostasis.
