目的探讨天麻素对帕金森氏症模型大鼠mTOR/HIF-1α通路、糖酵解代谢的影响。方法40只雄性SD大鼠随机分为正常对照组、模型组、天麻素低剂量组、高剂量组,每组10只。模型组、天麻素低剂量组、高剂量组均进行中脑黑质致密部(substantia ni...目的探讨天麻素对帕金森氏症模型大鼠mTOR/HIF-1α通路、糖酵解代谢的影响。方法40只雄性SD大鼠随机分为正常对照组、模型组、天麻素低剂量组、高剂量组,每组10只。模型组、天麻素低剂量组、高剂量组均进行中脑黑质致密部(substantia nigra pars compacta,SNc)注射脂多糖(LPS)以建立PD模型,天麻素低剂量组、高剂量组给予10、50 mg/kg天麻素水溶液腹腔注射,持续9 d。旷场实验、网格测试检测行为学变化,western blot检测p-mTOR、HIF-1α、IL-1β表达,免疫荧光检测酪氨酸羟化酶(TH)、IBA1、HIF-1α表达,HK活性、乳酸含量检测糖酵解代谢情况。结果与正常对照组相比,模型组动物在旷场中央区域停留时间比例下降(P<0.01),网格上逃避潜伏期延长(P<0.01),SNc脑区TH表达明显下降(P<0.01),己糖激酶(HK)活性、乳酸含量上升(P<0.01),IBA1、IL-1β、p-mTOR、HIF-1α表达明显上升(P<0.01);与模型组相比,天麻素低剂量组、高剂量组动物在旷场中央区域停留时间比例上升(P<0.05或P<0.01),网格逃避潜伏期均缩短(P<0.01),SNc脑区TH表达上升(P<0.01),HK活性、乳酸含量下降(P<0.05或P<0.01),IBA1、IL-1β、p-mTOR、HIF-1α表达下降(P<0.05或P<0.01)。结论天麻素干预可能调节小胶质细胞,通过调节mTOR/HIF-1α通路、糖酵解代谢,抑制TH+神经元丢失,从而改善PD大鼠神经行为学损伤。展开更多
The search for stable novel polynitrogen clusters has garnered significant attention in the field of energetic materials due to their potential applications as high-energy-density materials.In this study,a chair-like ...The search for stable novel polynitrogen clusters has garnered significant attention in the field of energetic materials due to their potential applications as high-energy-density materials.In this study,a chair-like N_(6)^(6-) ring with N-N single bonds in the AlN_(3) compound is theoretically predicted through first-principles calculations in conjunction with an unbiased structure searching method.The predicted AlN_(3) phase exhibits high kinetic and thermodynamic stability,along with a high energy density of 5.04 kJ/g relative to AlN and N_(2) gas.Additionally,its detonation velocity and pressure are estimated to reach 12.93 km/s and 1009.63 kbar,respectively.These values are greater than those of TNT and HMX,positioning it as a promising candidate for high-energy-density materials in the field of explosive combustion.The analysis of electronic properties and the related chemical bonding patterns indicates that the compounds are stabilized by both Coulomb interactions and covalent bonds.More importantly,the calculated formation of enthalpy indicates that the N_(6)^(6-)anions within AlN_(3) can be synthesized by compressing AlN and N_(2) at a moderate pressure(46 GPa).These findings present a viable approach for synthesizing and stabilizing the all-nitrogen N_(6)^(6-)anions.展开更多
[目的]探讨小细胞肺癌(SCLC)细胞中放疗联合抗PD-1疗法调节TAM和功能失调性T细胞介导的免疫抑制。[方法]用4Gy的放疗剂量处理或不处理SCLC细胞系NCI-H209和NCI-H1688的肿瘤细胞条件培养基(CM)将巨噬细胞诱导为TAM,测定TAM的迁移能力。将...[目的]探讨小细胞肺癌(SCLC)细胞中放疗联合抗PD-1疗法调节TAM和功能失调性T细胞介导的免疫抑制。[方法]用4Gy的放疗剂量处理或不处理SCLC细胞系NCI-H209和NCI-H1688的肿瘤细胞条件培养基(CM)将巨噬细胞诱导为TAM,测定TAM的迁移能力。将T细胞与4Gy处理的肿瘤细胞CM培养诱导的TAM共培养后,测定T细胞增殖能力和T细胞杀伤力。比较放疗联合抗PD-1疗法与抗PD-1和吉非替尼疗法对吉非替尼抗性肿瘤细胞(NCI-H209-GR)CM培养的TAM、T细胞介导的免疫抑制。[结果]用4Gy处理的SCLC细胞的CM培养的TAM显示出较弱的迁移能力(233.49±22.09 vs 111.23±8.29,P<0.05)。4Gy和PD-L1抗体共处理的NCI-H209-GR细胞CM可显著抑制TAM迁移(169.76±17.77 vs 81.73±8.49,P<0.05),与4Gy和PD-L1抗体共处理的NCI-H209-GR细胞共培养的T细胞的增殖水平上升(82.79±0.95 vs 133.79±0.53,P<0.05)、T细胞杀伤力显著提高(81.12±10.80 vs 97.52±10.11,P<0.05)。[结论]SCLC细胞中放疗联合抗PD-L1疗法可协同抑制TAM迁移(169.76±17.77 vs 81.73±8.49),并增加功能失调性T细胞介导的溶细胞能力(81.12±10.80 vs 97.52±10.11)。展开更多
Wheat leaf rust（caused by Puccinia triticina） is one of the most important fungal diseases in China. There are tens of winter wheat cultivars which are approved to be released by the government at a national level a...Wheat leaf rust（caused by Puccinia triticina） is one of the most important fungal diseases in China. There are tens of winter wheat cultivars which are approved to be released by the government at a national level and more than 100 wheat cultivars at the provincial level. But there is no information about leaf rust（Lr） genes in these cultivars, which makes it difficult for farmers and breeders to select which cultivars they should plant in their fields and use in their breeding programs. The objective of this paper was to identify the leaf rust resistant genes at seedling stage present in the 84 commercial wheat cultivars from China that have been released in the past few years. A set of 20 near isogenic lines with Thatcher background and 6 lines with known Lr genes were used to test the virulence of 12 races of P. triticina（Pt）. By comparing the infection types（ITs） produced on the 84 cultivars by the 12 Pt races with the ITs on the differential sets, the Lr genes were postulated. In addition, 8 molecular markers of Lr genes such as Lr9, Lr10, Lr19, Lr20, Lr21, Lr24, Lr26 and Lr29, which are closely linked to or co-segregated with the Lr gene, were used for further validation of the genes in the 84 Chinese winter wheat cultivars. Twelve Lr genes, including Lr1, Lr3,（Lr3bg）,（Lr3ka）, Lr11, Lr13, Lr14 a, Lr16, Lr26, Lr27, Lr30 and Lr31 were postulated to be present either singly or in combinations in these Chinese wheat cultivars. Lr3 and Lr26 were detected most often in the tested cultivars, with frequencies of 51.2 and 38.1%, respectively. No wheat Lr genes were detected in 16 cultivars, and 4 cultivars may carry unknown Lr genes other than those used in this study. Lr9, Lr20, Lr21, Lr24, Lr25 and Lr29 were not present in any of the 84 tested accessions.展开更多
Stem or black rust of wheat, caused by the fungus Puccinia graminis Pers. f. sp. tritici Eriks.＆E. Henn. （Pgt）, has historically caused severe losses to wheat （Triticum aestivum L.） production worldwide. In the F...Stem or black rust of wheat, caused by the fungus Puccinia graminis Pers. f. sp. tritici Eriks.＆E. Henn. （Pgt）, has historically caused severe losses to wheat （Triticum aestivum L.） production worldwide. In the Fujian and Guangdong provinces of China, six moderate-to-severe epidemics of wheat stem rust have occurred, which caused destructive losses of wheat between 1949 and 1966, although these were brought under control by integrated management. A rapid and reliable detection of the pathogen will contribute to the accurate forecast and seasonal control of this disease. The objective of this study was to develop a diagnostic molecular marker generated from simple sequence repeats （SSR） for the early rapid identiifcation of P. graminis. The genomic DNA of P. graminis, Puccinia striiformis, Puccinia triticina and seven other species was ampliifed by a pair of SSR primers generated by the FIASCO （fast isolation by AFLP sequences containing repeats） enrichment protocol. The primer set Pgtw （f）/Pgtw （r） generated a polymorphic pattern displaying a 330-bp DNA fragment speciifc for P. graminis whereas no DNA fragment was obtained from other non-target wheat fungal pathogens. The detection limit of the primer was 1 ng DNA in a 25-mL PCR reaction. The SSR markers of P. graminis can also be used to detect the presence of latent hyphae in Pgt-infected wheat leaves as early as 30 h post-inoculation. A rapid approach to distinguish P. graminis from similar pathogenic fungi would be anticipated in further study.展开更多
The plasmid pGPDGFP under the control ofpgpdA promotor was used together with vector pAN7-1 containing the hygromycin resistance cassette to co-transform protoplasts of HG1, Fusarium graminearum from Hubei Province, C...The plasmid pGPDGFP under the control ofpgpdA promotor was used together with vector pAN7-1 containing the hygromycin resistance cassette to co-transform protoplasts of HG1, Fusarium graminearum from Hubei Province, China. Twelve out of 14 hygromycin-resistant transformants showed green signal under the UV light and contained one or several copies ofgfp, as indicated by Southern analysis of genomic DNA digested with different restriction enzymes and hybridized to the gfp probe. A single gfp copy transformant （HG1C5） was selected for further evaluation of 80 Chinese wheat cultivars or advanced lines. The results showed different resistance type to F. graminearum were observed. GFP signals observed in the rachis and adjacent spikes of 70 Chinese wheat lines such as Chuanchongzu 104 indicated both type I （host resistance to the initial infection by the fungus） and type II （resistance to the spread of FHB symptoms within an infected spike） were not observed. While other 10 lines showed type II resistance to F. graminearum with GFP signals only in inoculated spikelets. Development of the mycelium can be intuitively observed and the resistance of wheat to F. graminearum can be identified at 7 days post inoculation （dpi） in this way. The results showed no differences were evaluated between the transformed HG1C5 and the non-transgene artificial inoculation by SAS paired chi-square test and McNernar＇s test （P=-0.0625）.展开更多
Puccinia triticina, the causal agent of wheat leaf rust, is one of the most devastating rust fungi attacking wheat worldwide. Seventy-six isolates of the wheat leaf rust pathogen from Yunnan, Sichuan, Gansu and Henan ...Puccinia triticina, the causal agent of wheat leaf rust, is one of the most devastating rust fungi attacking wheat worldwide. Seventy-six isolates of the wheat leaf rust pathogen from Yunnan, Sichuan, Gansu and Henan provinces, China, were tested on wheat leaf rust differentials and the population structure was analyzed using four presumably neutral partial sequence markers such as elongation factor-1α(EF-1α), glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase(GAPDH), β-tubulin(TUB) and the second largest RNA polymerase subunit(RPB2). The phenotypic diversity of Yunnan and Sichuan populations was higher than that of Gansu and Henan populations. The four populations were separated into two clusters based on the pathogenic data. A total of 12 single nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs) and 32 haplotypes were identified among the four sequences. The 32 haplotypes were divided into two clusters in a neighbor-joining tree. Bayesian analyses also identified two clusters. Pairwise FST between populations in different regions were significantly different(P<0.05). Analysis of molecular variance(AMOVA) indicated that 68% of the total genetic variation was within populations.展开更多
文摘目的探讨天麻素对帕金森氏症模型大鼠mTOR/HIF-1α通路、糖酵解代谢的影响。方法40只雄性SD大鼠随机分为正常对照组、模型组、天麻素低剂量组、高剂量组,每组10只。模型组、天麻素低剂量组、高剂量组均进行中脑黑质致密部(substantia nigra pars compacta,SNc)注射脂多糖(LPS)以建立PD模型,天麻素低剂量组、高剂量组给予10、50 mg/kg天麻素水溶液腹腔注射,持续9 d。旷场实验、网格测试检测行为学变化,western blot检测p-mTOR、HIF-1α、IL-1β表达,免疫荧光检测酪氨酸羟化酶(TH)、IBA1、HIF-1α表达,HK活性、乳酸含量检测糖酵解代谢情况。结果与正常对照组相比,模型组动物在旷场中央区域停留时间比例下降(P<0.01),网格上逃避潜伏期延长(P<0.01),SNc脑区TH表达明显下降(P<0.01),己糖激酶(HK)活性、乳酸含量上升(P<0.01),IBA1、IL-1β、p-mTOR、HIF-1α表达明显上升(P<0.01);与模型组相比,天麻素低剂量组、高剂量组动物在旷场中央区域停留时间比例上升(P<0.05或P<0.01),网格逃避潜伏期均缩短(P<0.01),SNc脑区TH表达上升(P<0.01),HK活性、乳酸含量下降(P<0.05或P<0.01),IBA1、IL-1β、p-mTOR、HIF-1α表达下降(P<0.05或P<0.01)。结论天麻素干预可能调节小胶质细胞,通过调节mTOR/HIF-1α通路、糖酵解代谢,抑制TH+神经元丢失,从而改善PD大鼠神经行为学损伤。
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No.11974154)the Taishan Scholars Special Funding for Construction Projectsthe Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province (Grant No.ZR2022MA004)。
文摘The search for stable novel polynitrogen clusters has garnered significant attention in the field of energetic materials due to their potential applications as high-energy-density materials.In this study,a chair-like N_(6)^(6-) ring with N-N single bonds in the AlN_(3) compound is theoretically predicted through first-principles calculations in conjunction with an unbiased structure searching method.The predicted AlN_(3) phase exhibits high kinetic and thermodynamic stability,along with a high energy density of 5.04 kJ/g relative to AlN and N_(2) gas.Additionally,its detonation velocity and pressure are estimated to reach 12.93 km/s and 1009.63 kbar,respectively.These values are greater than those of TNT and HMX,positioning it as a promising candidate for high-energy-density materials in the field of explosive combustion.The analysis of electronic properties and the related chemical bonding patterns indicates that the compounds are stabilized by both Coulomb interactions and covalent bonds.More importantly,the calculated formation of enthalpy indicates that the N_(6)^(6-)anions within AlN_(3) can be synthesized by compressing AlN and N_(2) at a moderate pressure(46 GPa).These findings present a viable approach for synthesizing and stabilizing the all-nitrogen N_(6)^(6-)anions.
文摘[目的]探讨小细胞肺癌(SCLC)细胞中放疗联合抗PD-1疗法调节TAM和功能失调性T细胞介导的免疫抑制。[方法]用4Gy的放疗剂量处理或不处理SCLC细胞系NCI-H209和NCI-H1688的肿瘤细胞条件培养基(CM)将巨噬细胞诱导为TAM,测定TAM的迁移能力。将T细胞与4Gy处理的肿瘤细胞CM培养诱导的TAM共培养后,测定T细胞增殖能力和T细胞杀伤力。比较放疗联合抗PD-1疗法与抗PD-1和吉非替尼疗法对吉非替尼抗性肿瘤细胞(NCI-H209-GR)CM培养的TAM、T细胞介导的免疫抑制。[结果]用4Gy处理的SCLC细胞的CM培养的TAM显示出较弱的迁移能力(233.49±22.09 vs 111.23±8.29,P<0.05)。4Gy和PD-L1抗体共处理的NCI-H209-GR细胞CM可显著抑制TAM迁移(169.76±17.77 vs 81.73±8.49,P<0.05),与4Gy和PD-L1抗体共处理的NCI-H209-GR细胞共培养的T细胞的增殖水平上升(82.79±0.95 vs 133.79±0.53,P<0.05)、T细胞杀伤力显著提高(81.12±10.80 vs 97.52±10.11,P<0.05)。[结论]SCLC细胞中放疗联合抗PD-L1疗法可协同抑制TAM迁移(169.76±17.77 vs 81.73±8.49),并增加功能失调性T细胞介导的溶细胞能力(81.12±10.80 vs 97.52±10.11)。
基金financed by the Ministry of Science and Technology of China (2011CB100403, 2013CB127701, 2012BAD19B04 and 2012AA101501)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31371884)+1 种基金the Ministry of Agriculture of China (CARS-03)Science & Technology aiding to Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China (2013911092) during the course of the study
文摘Wheat leaf rust（caused by Puccinia triticina） is one of the most important fungal diseases in China. There are tens of winter wheat cultivars which are approved to be released by the government at a national level and more than 100 wheat cultivars at the provincial level. But there is no information about leaf rust（Lr） genes in these cultivars, which makes it difficult for farmers and breeders to select which cultivars they should plant in their fields and use in their breeding programs. The objective of this paper was to identify the leaf rust resistant genes at seedling stage present in the 84 commercial wheat cultivars from China that have been released in the past few years. A set of 20 near isogenic lines with Thatcher background and 6 lines with known Lr genes were used to test the virulence of 12 races of P. triticina（Pt）. By comparing the infection types（ITs） produced on the 84 cultivars by the 12 Pt races with the ITs on the differential sets, the Lr genes were postulated. In addition, 8 molecular markers of Lr genes such as Lr9, Lr10, Lr19, Lr20, Lr21, Lr24, Lr26 and Lr29, which are closely linked to or co-segregated with the Lr gene, were used for further validation of the genes in the 84 Chinese winter wheat cultivars. Twelve Lr genes, including Lr1, Lr3,（Lr3bg）,（Lr3ka）, Lr11, Lr13, Lr14 a, Lr16, Lr26, Lr27, Lr30 and Lr31 were postulated to be present either singly or in combinations in these Chinese wheat cultivars. Lr3 and Lr26 were detected most often in the tested cultivars, with frequencies of 51.2 and 38.1%, respectively. No wheat Lr genes were detected in 16 cultivars, and 4 cultivars may carry unknown Lr genes other than those used in this study. Lr9, Lr20, Lr21, Lr24, Lr25 and Lr29 were not present in any of the 84 tested accessions.
基金Financial supports by the National 973 Program of China (2013CB127701 and 2011CB100403)the Ntional 863 Program of China (2012AA101501)+3 种基金the National Key Technologies Research and Development Program of China (2012BAD19BA04) from the Ministry of Science and Technology of Chinathe Special Fund for Agro-Scientific Research in the Public Interest, China (200903035)the China Agriculture Research System (CARS-03) from the Ministry of Agriculture of Chinathe National Natural Scientific Foundation of China (31371884)
文摘Stem or black rust of wheat, caused by the fungus Puccinia graminis Pers. f. sp. tritici Eriks.＆E. Henn. （Pgt）, has historically caused severe losses to wheat （Triticum aestivum L.） production worldwide. In the Fujian and Guangdong provinces of China, six moderate-to-severe epidemics of wheat stem rust have occurred, which caused destructive losses of wheat between 1949 and 1966, although these were brought under control by integrated management. A rapid and reliable detection of the pathogen will contribute to the accurate forecast and seasonal control of this disease. The objective of this study was to develop a diagnostic molecular marker generated from simple sequence repeats （SSR） for the early rapid identiifcation of P. graminis. The genomic DNA of P. graminis, Puccinia striiformis, Puccinia triticina and seven other species was ampliifed by a pair of SSR primers generated by the FIASCO （fast isolation by AFLP sequences containing repeats） enrichment protocol. The primer set Pgtw （f）/Pgtw （r） generated a polymorphic pattern displaying a 330-bp DNA fragment speciifc for P. graminis whereas no DNA fragment was obtained from other non-target wheat fungal pathogens. The detection limit of the primer was 1 ng DNA in a 25-mL PCR reaction. The SSR markers of P. graminis can also be used to detect the presence of latent hyphae in Pgt-infected wheat leaves as early as 30 h post-inoculation. A rapid approach to distinguish P. graminis from similar pathogenic fungi would be anticipated in further study.
基金supported in part by the Special Fund for Agro-scientific Research in the Public Interest(201303016)the China Agriculture Research System(CARS-03)from the Ministry of Agriculture of China+3 种基金by the Project of International Scientific and Technical Cooperation(2013DFG31930)the National Key Technologies Research and Development Program of China(2012BAD19B04)the Breeding and Cultivation of Novel GM Varieties(2013ZX08002001)863 Program(2012AA101501)from the Ministry of Science and Technology of China
文摘The plasmid pGPDGFP under the control ofpgpdA promotor was used together with vector pAN7-1 containing the hygromycin resistance cassette to co-transform protoplasts of HG1, Fusarium graminearum from Hubei Province, China. Twelve out of 14 hygromycin-resistant transformants showed green signal under the UV light and contained one or several copies ofgfp, as indicated by Southern analysis of genomic DNA digested with different restriction enzymes and hybridized to the gfp probe. A single gfp copy transformant （HG1C5） was selected for further evaluation of 80 Chinese wheat cultivars or advanced lines. The results showed different resistance type to F. graminearum were observed. GFP signals observed in the rachis and adjacent spikes of 70 Chinese wheat lines such as Chuanchongzu 104 indicated both type I （host resistance to the initial infection by the fungus） and type II （resistance to the spread of FHB symptoms within an infected spike） were not observed. While other 10 lines showed type II resistance to F. graminearum with GFP signals only in inoculated spikelets. Development of the mycelium can be intuitively observed and the resistance of wheat to F. graminearum can be identified at 7 days post inoculation （dpi） in this way. The results showed no differences were evaluated between the transformed HG1C5 and the non-transgene artificial inoculation by SAS paired chi-square test and McNernar＇s test （P=-0.0625）.
基金financial supports by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31671967)the National Key Research and Development Program from the Ministry of Science and Technology, China (2016YFD0300705)+1 种基金the National GMO New Variety Breeding Project, China (2014ZX0801101B)the earmarked fund for China Agriculture Research System (CARS-3)
文摘Puccinia triticina, the causal agent of wheat leaf rust, is one of the most devastating rust fungi attacking wheat worldwide. Seventy-six isolates of the wheat leaf rust pathogen from Yunnan, Sichuan, Gansu and Henan provinces, China, were tested on wheat leaf rust differentials and the population structure was analyzed using four presumably neutral partial sequence markers such as elongation factor-1α(EF-1α), glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase(GAPDH), β-tubulin(TUB) and the second largest RNA polymerase subunit(RPB2). The phenotypic diversity of Yunnan and Sichuan populations was higher than that of Gansu and Henan populations. The four populations were separated into two clusters based on the pathogenic data. A total of 12 single nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs) and 32 haplotypes were identified among the four sequences. The 32 haplotypes were divided into two clusters in a neighbor-joining tree. Bayesian analyses also identified two clusters. Pairwise FST between populations in different regions were significantly different(P<0.05). Analysis of molecular variance(AMOVA) indicated that 68% of the total genetic variation was within populations.
