Bortezomib, a proteasome inhibitor, is an established therapy against plasma cell leukemia—a variant of plasma cell dyscrasias. Its most frequent side effects have been listed as peripheral neuropathy, neuropathic pa...Bortezomib, a proteasome inhibitor, is an established therapy against plasma cell leukemia—a variant of plasma cell dyscrasias. Its most frequent side effects have been listed as peripheral neuropathy, neuropathic pain, thrombocytopenia, and gastrointestinal problems. Allergic skin reaction is a rarely documented side effect in patients receiving bortezomib-based chemotherapy. A combination therapy consisting of intravenous bortezomib, oral Revlimid tablets, and oral dexamethasone tablets has been prescribed for the patient after his recent diagnosis of plasma cell leukemia. While receiving his third treatment cycle, he developed an allergic reaction (skin rash) involving the neck, and wrists, and mild bilateral eye swelling. The infusion was stopped immediately and then ciprofloxacin ophthalmic solution and oral diphenhydramine 25 mg were prescribed to the patient with significant improvement in his clinical condition. He was temporarily taken off bortezomib. At a follow-up visit a week later, a significant improvement was noticed in his condition. Rash had reduced on neck and wrists, and eye swelling had reduced as well. As of the time of writing this case report, he has been temporarily taken off bortezomib, but other medications in the treatment regimen were continued as prescribed.展开更多
Recently,the experimental measurements of the branching ratios and different polarization asymmetries for processes occurring through flavor-changing-charged current(b→cτν¯_(τ))transitions by BABAR,Belle,and ...Recently,the experimental measurements of the branching ratios and different polarization asymmetries for processes occurring through flavor-changing-charged current(b→cτν¯_(τ))transitions by BABAR,Belle,and LHCb have revealed some significant differences from the corresponding Standard Model(SM)predictions.This has triggered an interest to search for physics beyond the SM in the context of various new physics(NP)models and using the model-independent weak effective Hamiltonian(WEH).Assuming left-handed neutrinos,we add the dimension-six vector,(pseudo-)scalar,and tensor operators with complex Wilson coefficients(WCs)to the SM WEH.Using 60%,30%,and 10%constraints resulting from the branching ratio of B_(c)→τν¯_(τ),we reassess the parametric space of these new physics WCs accommodating the current anomalies based on the most recent HFLAV data of R_(τ/μ,e)(D)and R_(τ/μ,e)(D^(*))and Belle data of F_(L)(D^(*))and P_(τ)(D^(*)).We find that the allowed parametric region of left-handed scalar couplings strongly depends on the constraints of the B_(c)→τν¯_(τ)branching ratio,and the maximum pull from the SM predictions results from the<60%branching ratio limit.Also,the parametric region changes significantly if we extend the analysis by adding LHCb data of R_(τ/μ)(J/ψ)and R_(τ/ℓ)(Λ_(c)).Furthermore,due to the large uncertainties in the measurements of R_(τ/μ)(J/ψ)and R_(τ/ℓ)(X_(c)),we derive the sum rules which complement them with R_(τ/μ,e)(D)and R_(τ/μ,e)(D^(*)).Using the best-fit points of the new complex WCs along with the latest measurements of R_(τ/μ,e)(D(^(*))),we predict the numerical values of the observable R_(τ/ℓ)(Λ_(c)),R_(τ/μ)(J/ψ),and R_(τ/ℓ)(X_(c))from the sum rules.The simultaneous dependence of abovementioned physical observables on the NP WCs is established by plotting their correlation with R_(D) and R_(D^(*)),which are useful to discriminate between various NP scenarios.We find that the most significant impact of NP results from the WC C^(S)_(L)=4C^(T展开更多
Annual rings from 30 year old vines in a California rootstock trial were measured to determine the effects of 15 different rootstocks on Chardonnay and Cabernet Sauvignon scions.Viticultural traits measuring vegetativ...Annual rings from 30 year old vines in a California rootstock trial were measured to determine the effects of 15 different rootstocks on Chardonnay and Cabernet Sauvignon scions.Viticultural traits measuring vegetative growth,yield,berry quality,and nutrient uptake were collected at the beginning(1995 to 1999)and end(2017 to 2020)of the lifetime of a vineyard initially planted in 1991 and removed in 2021.X-ray Computed Tomography(CT)was used to measure ring widths in 103 vines.Ring width was modeled as a function of ring number using a negative exponential model.Early and late wood ring widths,cambium width,and scion trunk radius were correlated with 27 traits.Modeling of annual ring width shows that scions alter the width of the first rings but that rootstocks alter the decay of later rings,consistently shortening ring width throughout the lifetime of the vine.Ravaz index,juice pH,photosynthetic assimilation and transpiration rates,and instantaneous water use efficiency are correlated with scion trunk radius.Ultimately,our research indicates that rootstocks modulate secondary growth over years,altering physiology and agronomic traits.Rootstocks act in similar but distinct ways from climate to modulate ring width,which borrowing techniques from dendrochronology,can be used to monitor both genetic and environmental effects in woody perennial crop species.展开更多
Potato propagation through tubers and seed is an inefficient way of propagation thus we propose an alternative method in this study which is in vitro propagation.Plantlets were raised from True Potato Seeds(TPS)in test...Potato propagation through tubers and seed is an inefficient way of propagation thus we propose an alternative method in this study which is in vitro propagation.Plantlets were raised from True Potato Seeds(TPS)in test tubes containing 10 mL of Murashige Skoog(MS)medium.Subculturing was done after every 21 days and after four subsequent subculturing,when there was an adequate quantity of stock material,uninodal cuttings of about 3-4 mm in length were prepared from in vitro proliferated potato plants by excising leaves of 1-2 mm on each side of the node.Prepared uninodal cuttings were cultured on 1/2 strength MS medium for root primordia development.The selected uninodal cuttings with root primordia were encapsulated with sodium alginate solution(3.5%(w/v)),mixed with 1.25%charcoal and different concentration of fungicide(thiophanate methyl,sigma)to enhance the viability percentage of synthetic seed.Furthermore,these encapsulated uninodal cuttings were subjected to different storage intervals to check maximum storage.Results showed that optimum dose for fungicide is 150 mg/L as it resulted in good viability percentage,shoot number,shoot length,rooting percentage,root number,root length and ideal for bead formation with sodium alginate.Similarly,results revealed that encapsulated uninodal cuttings can be stored at a temperature of 4℃ up to 45 days with a survival rate of 63.33%.Encapsulated uninodal cutting stored for 60 days showed a poor viability percentage of about 43.03%.It can be concluded that optimum dose of 150 mg/L with storage time of 45 days should be used to get a better outcome for synthetic potato seed production.展开更多
<b>Background & Aims:</b> The multimodal analgesia provides superior pain relief and reduces opioid consumption and its side effects. Gabapentin has been used successfully in multi-modal analgesia in d...<b>Background & Aims:</b> The multimodal analgesia provides superior pain relief and reduces opioid consumption and its side effects. Gabapentin has been used successfully in multi-modal analgesia in different doses. We designed a double-blind randomized control trial to find the minimal effective dose of gabapentin in multimodal analgesia for postoperative pain following total abdominal hysterectomy. <b>Material & Methods:</b> After informed consent, total of 87 patients were randomly assigned to A, B & C groups to receive gabapentin orally 300 mg, 600 mg, and 900 mg respectively one to two hours before surgery. Postoperatively pain was managed by patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) using pethidine. Pain score, opioid consumption, and side effects of gabapentin were monitored. Rescue analgesia was given and monitored. <b>Results:</b> There was no statistically significant difference among the groups with respect to age, weight, height, pethidine consumption, and rescue analgesia. Mean pain scores were statistically insignificant at baseline, 8, 12, and 24 hours postoperatively. Only at 4 hours, the highest pain score (mean) was found in group A, which is statistically significant. The side effects of gabapentin like nausea, vomiting, somnolence, and dizziness were also statistically insignificant. <b>Conclusion:</b> A single preoperative oral gabapentin 300 mg was found to be minimal effective dose in multimodal analgesic regimen for reducing post-operative pain and analgesic requirement following total abdominal hysterectomy.展开更多
Aims & Objectives: Aim of the study was to evaluate inter-observer variability in interpretation of Gallium-68 labeled Prostate Specific Membrane Antigen sub-type 11 (68Ga-PSMA-11) Positron Emission Tomography-Com...Aims & Objectives: Aim of the study was to evaluate inter-observer variability in interpretation of Gallium-68 labeled Prostate Specific Membrane Antigen sub-type 11 (68Ga-PSMA-11) Positron Emission Tomography-Computed Tomography PET_CT scan according to Prostate Cancer Molecular Imaging Standardized Evaluation (PROMISE) criteria. Method and Materials: Forty-four consecutive patients of prostate cancer were prospectively studied between the duration of January 2021 to June 2021 at Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Oncology (INMOL), Lahore. All PET-CT scans were assessed by a researcher and 3 nuclear physicians and divided into two groups, interpreted in two phases. In the first phase, each group independently evaluated the scans while in the second phase, a consensus meeting was held and all the cases with discordance were discussed. Cohen’s Kappa test was used to measure interobserver variability with the cut-off of K’s alpha Results: The study showed 41 out of 44 scans with positive PSMA findings while 03 scans were negative for any PSMA avid disease. In the first phase of image analysis, the level of agreement was slight in T stage (Kappa = 0.068, p = 0.65), moderate in the miN stage (Kappa = 0.46, p = 0.02) and substantial in miM stage (Kappa = 0.77, p ≤ 0.001) was seen. For PSMA score, overall agreement was substantial agreement (Kappa = 0.64, p Conclusion: Remarkable inter-observer agreement was seen in PROMISE criteria.展开更多
<strong>Background:</strong> COVID-19 Pandemic is still circulating within the human population and proving to be a deadlier disease with a mortality rate ranging from 0.5% to 7%. Since COVID-19 is a highl...<strong>Background:</strong> COVID-19 Pandemic is still circulating within the human population and proving to be a deadlier disease with a mortality rate ranging from 0.5% to 7%. Since COVID-19 is a highly transmissible disease;there is always a probability for its outward spread towards the general public and community from the hospitals and healthcare facilities where they come to seek treatment. <strong>Methodology:</strong> A prospective cohort study design was used, considering the limited available resources and time—a total of 200 healthcare workers (including doctors, nurses, para-medical staff, janitorial staff, reception staff & pharmacists) working in the OPDs of the two major public sector hospitals of Quetta were made part of this study. The study participants were selected using a simple random sampling technique and selection was made from the daily attendance register. The study participants from “Hospital-A” were first of all educated and trained on various COVID-19 IPC measures later on various COVID-19-IEC materials;written in simple Urdu language, were displayed clearly everywhere in the OPD. Similarly, handwashing stations along with hand sanitizers/soaps and surgical face masks were also made available free of cost for all the study participants of Hospital-A. Moreover the importance and effectiveness of COVID-19 IPC measures were continuously announced in the OPD gallery of Hospital-A, these announcements used simple wording in local languages (<em>i.e.</em>, Urdu, Pashto, Balochi and Brahvi). On the other hand, in the OPD of “Hospital-B”, no such interventions were made. The study participants of both the hospitals were followed for one month and observations like which group showed more on-job noncompliance towards various COVID-19 IPC measures were recorded. The data was recorded on daily basis (from 1<sup>st</sup> May-to-31<sup>st</sup> May 2021) after observing the study participants for compliance towards using face masks, face shields, personal protective gowns, gloves, ha展开更多
We investigate the time evolution of entanglement between two quantum dots in an engineered vacuum environment such that a metallic nanoring having a surface plasmon is placed near the quantum dots. Such engineering i...We investigate the time evolution of entanglement between two quantum dots in an engineered vacuum environment such that a metallic nanoring having a surface plasmon is placed near the quantum dots. Such engineering in environment results in oscillations in entanglement dynamics of the quantum dots systems. With proper adjustment of the separation between the quantum dots, entanglement decay can be stabilized and preserved for longer time than its decay without the surface plasmons interactions.展开更多
A new sulfonamide, 4-{（4-nitrophenylsulfonamido）methyl}cyclohexanecarboxylic acid（C14H18N2O6S）, has been synthesized by the reaction of tranexamic acid and 4-nitrobenzenesulfonyl chloride in basic medium at room t...A new sulfonamide, 4-{（4-nitrophenylsulfonamido）methyl}cyclohexanecarboxylic acid（C14H18N2O6S）, has been synthesized by the reaction of tranexamic acid and 4-nitrobenzenesulfonyl chloride in basic medium at room temperature. The molecular structure was determined by FT-IR, NMR, elemental analysis and single-crystal X-ray technique. X-ray diffraction shows that the compound crystallizes in the monoclinic system, space group P21/c with a = 13.5980（7）, b = 4.9877（2）, c = 23.3878（13） A, β = 93.254（3）°, Z = 4, V = 1583.67（14） A3, μ = 0.237 mm-1, F（000） = 720, R = 0.0471 and w R = 0.1182. The molecules are related by inversion and paired into dimers via C–H…O interactions. The dimmers are interlinked due to strong N–H…O bonds, where O-atoms are of sulfonyl groups. The molecules are stabilized in the form of infinite two-dimensional network with base vectors [0 1 0] and [0 0 –1] in the plane（1 0 2）. The existence of good intermolecular interactions suggests the biological importance of the synthesized molecule. The compound was screened for its interaction with FS-DNA using UV-visible spectroscopy. UV-visible spectroscopic results depict that the compound interacts with DNA by mixed binding mode intercalation along with hydrogen bonding. Negative values of ΔG（–23.34, –17.79 k J·mol-1） indicate spontaneity of the compound-DNA adduct formation.展开更多
In this work,we tuned the magnetostructural transformation and the coupled magnetocaloric properties of Mn_(48-x)V_(x)Ni_(42)Sn_(10)(x=0,1,2,and 3)ferromagnetic shape memory alloys prepared by means of partial replace...In this work,we tuned the magnetostructural transformation and the coupled magnetocaloric properties of Mn_(48-x)V_(x)Ni_(42)Sn_(10)(x=0,1,2,and 3)ferromagnetic shape memory alloys prepared by means of partial replacement of Mn by V.It is observed that the martensitic transformation temperatures decrease with the increase of V content.The shift of the transition temperatures to lower temperatures driven by the applied field,the metamagnetic behavior,and the thermal hysteresis indicates the first-order nature for the magnetostructural transformation.The entropy changes with a magnetic field variation of 0-5 T are 15.2,18.8,and 24.3 J.kg^(-1).K^(-1)for the x=0,1,and 2 samples,respectively.The tunable martensitic transformation temperature,enhanced field driving capacity,and large entropy change suggest that Mn_(48-x)V_(x)Ni_(42)Sn_(10)alloys have a potential for applications in magnetic cooling refrigeration.展开更多
Diabetes is a metabolic disorder that results in a retinal complication called diabetic retinopathy(DR)which is one of the four main reasons for sightlessness all over the globe.DR usually has no clear symptoms before...Diabetes is a metabolic disorder that results in a retinal complication called diabetic retinopathy(DR)which is one of the four main reasons for sightlessness all over the globe.DR usually has no clear symptoms before the onset,thus making disease identication a challenging task.The healthcare industry may face unfavorable consequences if the gap in identifying DR is not lled with effective automation.Thus,our objective is to develop an automatic and cost-effective method for classifying DR samples.In this work,we present a custom Faster-RCNN technique for the recognition and classication of DR lesions from retinal images.After pre-processing,we generate the annotations of the dataset which is required for model training.Then,introduce DenseNet-65 at the feature extraction level of Faster-RCNN to compute the representative set of key points.Finally,the Faster-RCNN localizes and classies the input sample into ve classes.Rigorous experiments performed on a Kaggle dataset comprising of 88,704 images show that the introduced methodology outperforms with an accuracy of 97.2%.We have compared our technique with state-of-the-art approaches to show its robustness in term of DR localization and classication.Additionally,we performed cross-dataset validation on the Kaggle and APTOS datasets and achieved remarkable results on both training and testing phases.展开更多
Elevated activities of cytosolic fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase(cyFBPase) and sedoheptulose-1,7-bisphosphatase(SBPase)are associated with higher yields in plants. In this study, the expression levels of the cyFBPase and ...Elevated activities of cytosolic fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase(cyFBPase) and sedoheptulose-1,7-bisphosphatase(SBPase)are associated with higher yields in plants. In this study, the expression levels of the cyFBPase and SBPase genes were increased by overexpressing rape(Brassica napus) cDNA in tobacco(Nicotiana tabacum) plants. The transgenic plants coexpressing cy FBPase and SBPase(TpFS), or expressing single cy FBPase(TpF) or SBPase(TpS) had 1.77-, 1.55-, 1.23-fold cyFBPase and 1.45-, 1.12-, 1.36-fold SBPase activities as compared to the wild-type(WT), respectively. Photosynthesis rates of TpF, TpS and TpFS increased 4, 20 and 25% compared with WT plants. The SBPase and cyFBPase positively regulated each other and functioned synergistically in transgenic tobacco plants. In addition, the sucrose contents of the three transgenic plants were higher than that of WT plants. The starch accumulation of the TpFS and TpS plants was improved by 53 and 37%, but slightly decreased in TpF plants. Moreover, the transgenic tobacco plants harbouring SBPase and/or cyFBPase genes showed improvements in their growth, biomass, dry weight, plant height, stem diameter, leaf size,flower number, and pod weight. In conclusion, co-expression of SBPase and cyFBPase may pave a new way for improving crop yield in agricultural applications.展开更多
The novel coronavirus disease,coined as COVID-19,is a murderous and infectious disease initiated from Wuhan,China.This killer disease has taken a large number of lives around the world and its dynamics could not be co...The novel coronavirus disease,coined as COVID-19,is a murderous and infectious disease initiated from Wuhan,China.This killer disease has taken a large number of lives around the world and its dynamics could not be controlled so far.In this article,the spatio-temporal compartmental epidemic model of the novel disease with advection and diffusion process is projected and analyzed.To counteract these types of diseases or restrict their spread,mankind depends upon mathematical modeling and medicine to reduce,alleviate,and anticipate the behavior of disease dynamics.The existence and uniqueness of the solution for the proposed system are investigated.Also,the solution to the considered system is made possible in a well-known functions space.For this purpose,a Banach space of function is chosen and the solutions are optimized in the closed and convex subset of the space.The essential explicit estimates for the solutions are investigated for the associated auxiliary data.The numerical solution and its analysis are the crux of this study.Moreover,the consistency,stability,and positivity are the indispensable and core properties of the compartmental models that a numerical design must possess.To this end,a nonstandard finite difference numerical scheme is developed to find the numerical solutions which preserve the structural properties of the continuous system.The M-matrix theory is applied to prove the positivity of the design.The results for the consistency and stability of the design are also presented in this study.The plausibility of the projected scheme is indicated by an appropriate example.Computer simulations are also exhibited to conclude the results.展开更多
BACKGROUND Pancreatic cancer(PC)is one of the deadliest malignancies with an alarming mortality rate.Despite significant advancement in diagnostics and therapeutics,early diagnosis remains elusive causing poor prognos...BACKGROUND Pancreatic cancer(PC)is one of the deadliest malignancies with an alarming mortality rate.Despite significant advancement in diagnostics and therapeutics,early diagnosis remains elusive causing poor prognosis,marred by mutations and epigenetic modifications in key genes which contribute to disease progression.AIM To evaluate the various biological tumor markers collectively for early diagnosis which could act as prognostic biomarkers and helps in future therapeutics of PC in Kashmir valley.METHODS A total of 50 confirmed PC cases were included in the study to evaluate the levels of carbohydrate antigen 19-9(CA 19-9),tissue polypeptide specific antigen(TPS),carcinoembryonic antigen(CEA),vascular endothelial growth factor-A(VEGF-A),and epidermal growth factor receptor(EGFR).Mutational analysis was performed to evaluate the mutations in Kirsten rat sarcoma(KRAS),Breast cancer type 2(BRCA-2),and deleted in pancreatic cancer-4(DPC-4)genes.However,epigenetic modifications(methylation of CpG islands)were performed in the promoter regions of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2A(p16;CDKN2A),MutL homolog 1(hMLH1),and Ras association domain-containing protein 1(RASSF1A)genes.RESULTS We found significantly elevated levels of biological markers CA 19-9(P≤0.05),TPS(P≤0.05),CEA(P≤0.001),and VEGF(P≤0.001).Molecular genetic analysis revealed that KRAS gene mutation is predominant in codon 12(16 subjects,P≤0.05),and 13(12 subjects,P≤0.05).However,we did not find a mutation in DPC-4(1203G>T)and BRCA-2(617delT)genes.Furthermore,epigenetic modification revealed that CpG methylation in 21(P≤0.05)and 4 subjects in the promoter regions of the p16 and hMLH1 gene,respectively.CONCLUSION In conclusion,CA 19-9,TPS,CEA,and VEGF levels were significantly elevated and collectively have potential as diagnostic and prognostic markers in PC.Global data of mutation in the KRAS gene commonly in codon 12 and rare in codon 13 could augment the predisposition towards PC.Additionally,methylation of the p16 gene could also modul展开更多
The water oxidation in alkaline media is a kinetically sluggish process and it requires an active electrocatalyst for overall water splitting which is a challenging task to date.Herein,we formulate a platform for the ...The water oxidation in alkaline media is a kinetically sluggish process and it requires an active electrocatalyst for overall water splitting which is a challenging task to date.Herein,we formulate a platform for the design of efficient NiCo_(2)S_(4)/C nanocomposite using earth abundant and nonprecious materials.The nanocomposites are prepared by scale up hydrothermal method using different carbon contents from acid dehydrated sucrose.They are structurally and morphologically character-ized by various analytic techniques.The scanning electron microscopy has shown few microns flower-like morphology of nanocomposite and hexagonal crystalline phase is identified by X-ray diffraction(XRD).Further,high-resolution transmission electron microscopy supported the XRD results,and C,Ni,Co and O elements were found in the composition nanocomposite as investigated by energy-dispersive spectroscopy.The most active nanocomposite reaches a current density of 20 mA·cm^(−2) at potential of 285 mV vs reversible hydrogen electrode.The nanocomposite is kinetically supported by 61 mV·dec^(−1) as small Tafel slope.The nanocomposite is stable and durable for 40 h.The electrochemical impedance spectroscopy described a small charge transfer resistance of 188.4Ω.These findings suggest that the NiCo_(2)S_(4)/C nanocomposite could be used as a promising material for an extended range of applications particularly in energy technology.展开更多
In the rapidly expanding field of peptide therapeutics,the short in vivo half-life of peptides represents a considerable limitation for drug action.D-peptides,consisting entirely of the dextrorotatory enantiomers of n...In the rapidly expanding field of peptide therapeutics,the short in vivo half-life of peptides represents a considerable limitation for drug action.D-peptides,consisting entirely of the dextrorotatory enantiomers of naturally occurring levorotatory amino acids(AAs),do not suffer from these shortcomings as they are intrinsically resistant to proteolytic degradation,resulting in a favourable pharmacokinetic profile.To experimentally identify D-peptide binders to interesting therapeutic targets,so-called mirror-image phage display is typically performed,whereby the target is synthesized in D-form and L-peptide binders are screened as in conventional phage display.This technique is extremely powerful,but it requires the synthesis of the target in D-form,which is challenging for large proteins.Here we present finDr,a novel web server for the computational identification and optimization of D-peptide ligands to any protein structure(https://findr.biologie.uni-freiburg.de/).finDr performs molecular docking to virtually screen a library of helical 12-mer peptides extracted from the RCSB Protein Data Bank(PDB)for their ability to bind to the target.In a separate,heuristic approach to search the chemical space of 12-mer peptides,finDr executes a customizable evolutionary algorithm(EA)for the de novo identification or optimization of D-peptide ligands.As a proof of principle,we demonstrate the validity of our approach to predict optimal binders to the pharmacologically relevant target phenol soluble modulin alpha 3(PSMα3),a toxin of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus(MRSA).We validate the predictions using in vitro binding assays,supporting the success of this approach.Compared to conventional methods,finDr provides a low cost and easy-to-use alternative for the identification of D-peptide ligands against protein targets of choice without size limitation.We believe finDr will facilitate D-peptide discovery with implications in biotechnology and biomedicine.展开更多
A Fourier spectral scheme is proposed for solving the periodic problem of nonlinear Klein-Gordon equation. Its stability and convergence are investigated. Numerical results are also presented.
Legume plants are an essential component of sustainable farming systems.Phosphorus(P) deficiency is a significant constraint for legume production, especially in nutrient-poor soils of arid and semi-arid regions.In th...Legume plants are an essential component of sustainable farming systems.Phosphorus(P) deficiency is a significant constraint for legume production, especially in nutrient-poor soils of arid and semi-arid regions.In the present study, we conducted a pot experiment to evaluate the effects of a phosphorus-mobilizing plant-growth promoting rhizobacterial strain Bacillus cereus GS6, either alone or combined with phosphate-enriched compost(PEC) on the symbiotic(nodulation-N_2 fixation) performance of soybean(Glycine max(L.) Merr.) on an Aridisol.The PEC was produced by composting food waste with addition of single super phosphate.The bacterial strain B.cereus GS6 showed considerable potential for P solubilization and mobilization by releasing carboxylates in insoluble P(rock phosphate)-enriched medium.Inoculation of B.cereus GS6 in combination with PEC application significantly improved nodulation and nodule N_2 fixation efficiency.Compared to the control(without B.cereus GS6 and PEC), the combined application of B.cereus GS6 with PEC resulted in significantly higher accumulation of nitrogen(N), P, and potassium(K) in grain, shoot, and nodule.The N:P and P:K ratios in nodules were significantly altered by the application of PEC and B.cereus GS6, which reflected the important roles of P and K in symbiotic performance of soybean.The combined application of PEC and B.cereus GS6 also significantly increased the soil dehydrogenase and phosphomonoesterase activities, as well as the soil available N, P, and K contents.Significant positive relationships were found between soil organic carbon(C) content, dehydrogenase and phosphomonoesterase activities, and available N, P, and K contents.This study suggests that inoculation of P-mobilizing rhizobacteria, such as B.cereus GS6, in combination with PEC application might enhance legume productivity by improving nodulation and nodule N_2 fixation efficiency.展开更多
文摘Bortezomib, a proteasome inhibitor, is an established therapy against plasma cell leukemia—a variant of plasma cell dyscrasias. Its most frequent side effects have been listed as peripheral neuropathy, neuropathic pain, thrombocytopenia, and gastrointestinal problems. Allergic skin reaction is a rarely documented side effect in patients receiving bortezomib-based chemotherapy. A combination therapy consisting of intravenous bortezomib, oral Revlimid tablets, and oral dexamethasone tablets has been prescribed for the patient after his recent diagnosis of plasma cell leukemia. While receiving his third treatment cycle, he developed an allergic reaction (skin rash) involving the neck, and wrists, and mild bilateral eye swelling. The infusion was stopped immediately and then ciprofloxacin ophthalmic solution and oral diphenhydramine 25 mg were prescribed to the patient with significant improvement in his clinical condition. He was temporarily taken off bortezomib. At a follow-up visit a week later, a significant improvement was noticed in his condition. Rash had reduced on neck and wrists, and eye swelling had reduced as well. As of the time of writing this case report, he has been temporarily taken off bortezomib, but other medications in the treatment regimen were continued as prescribed.
文摘Recently,the experimental measurements of the branching ratios and different polarization asymmetries for processes occurring through flavor-changing-charged current(b→cτν¯_(τ))transitions by BABAR,Belle,and LHCb have revealed some significant differences from the corresponding Standard Model(SM)predictions.This has triggered an interest to search for physics beyond the SM in the context of various new physics(NP)models and using the model-independent weak effective Hamiltonian(WEH).Assuming left-handed neutrinos,we add the dimension-six vector,(pseudo-)scalar,and tensor operators with complex Wilson coefficients(WCs)to the SM WEH.Using 60%,30%,and 10%constraints resulting from the branching ratio of B_(c)→τν¯_(τ),we reassess the parametric space of these new physics WCs accommodating the current anomalies based on the most recent HFLAV data of R_(τ/μ,e)(D)and R_(τ/μ,e)(D^(*))and Belle data of F_(L)(D^(*))and P_(τ)(D^(*)).We find that the allowed parametric region of left-handed scalar couplings strongly depends on the constraints of the B_(c)→τν¯_(τ)branching ratio,and the maximum pull from the SM predictions results from the<60%branching ratio limit.Also,the parametric region changes significantly if we extend the analysis by adding LHCb data of R_(τ/μ)(J/ψ)and R_(τ/ℓ)(Λ_(c)).Furthermore,due to the large uncertainties in the measurements of R_(τ/μ)(J/ψ)and R_(τ/ℓ)(X_(c)),we derive the sum rules which complement them with R_(τ/μ,e)(D)and R_(τ/μ,e)(D^(*)).Using the best-fit points of the new complex WCs along with the latest measurements of R_(τ/μ,e)(D(^(*))),we predict the numerical values of the observable R_(τ/ℓ)(Λ_(c)),R_(τ/μ)(J/ψ),and R_(τ/ℓ)(X_(c))from the sum rules.The simultaneous dependence of abovementioned physical observables on the NP WCs is established by plotting their correlation with R_(D) and R_(D^(*)),which are useful to discriminate between various NP scenarios.We find that the most significant impact of NP results from the WC C^(S)_(L)=4C^(T
文摘Annual rings from 30 year old vines in a California rootstock trial were measured to determine the effects of 15 different rootstocks on Chardonnay and Cabernet Sauvignon scions.Viticultural traits measuring vegetative growth,yield,berry quality,and nutrient uptake were collected at the beginning(1995 to 1999)and end(2017 to 2020)of the lifetime of a vineyard initially planted in 1991 and removed in 2021.X-ray Computed Tomography(CT)was used to measure ring widths in 103 vines.Ring width was modeled as a function of ring number using a negative exponential model.Early and late wood ring widths,cambium width,and scion trunk radius were correlated with 27 traits.Modeling of annual ring width shows that scions alter the width of the first rings but that rootstocks alter the decay of later rings,consistently shortening ring width throughout the lifetime of the vine.Ravaz index,juice pH,photosynthetic assimilation and transpiration rates,and instantaneous water use efficiency are correlated with scion trunk radius.Ultimately,our research indicates that rootstocks modulate secondary growth over years,altering physiology and agronomic traits.Rootstocks act in similar but distinct ways from climate to modulate ring width,which borrowing techniques from dendrochronology,can be used to monitor both genetic and environmental effects in woody perennial crop species.
文摘Potato propagation through tubers and seed is an inefficient way of propagation thus we propose an alternative method in this study which is in vitro propagation.Plantlets were raised from True Potato Seeds(TPS)in test tubes containing 10 mL of Murashige Skoog(MS)medium.Subculturing was done after every 21 days and after four subsequent subculturing,when there was an adequate quantity of stock material,uninodal cuttings of about 3-4 mm in length were prepared from in vitro proliferated potato plants by excising leaves of 1-2 mm on each side of the node.Prepared uninodal cuttings were cultured on 1/2 strength MS medium for root primordia development.The selected uninodal cuttings with root primordia were encapsulated with sodium alginate solution(3.5%(w/v)),mixed with 1.25%charcoal and different concentration of fungicide(thiophanate methyl,sigma)to enhance the viability percentage of synthetic seed.Furthermore,these encapsulated uninodal cuttings were subjected to different storage intervals to check maximum storage.Results showed that optimum dose for fungicide is 150 mg/L as it resulted in good viability percentage,shoot number,shoot length,rooting percentage,root number,root length and ideal for bead formation with sodium alginate.Similarly,results revealed that encapsulated uninodal cuttings can be stored at a temperature of 4℃ up to 45 days with a survival rate of 63.33%.Encapsulated uninodal cutting stored for 60 days showed a poor viability percentage of about 43.03%.It can be concluded that optimum dose of 150 mg/L with storage time of 45 days should be used to get a better outcome for synthetic potato seed production.
文摘<b>Background & Aims:</b> The multimodal analgesia provides superior pain relief and reduces opioid consumption and its side effects. Gabapentin has been used successfully in multi-modal analgesia in different doses. We designed a double-blind randomized control trial to find the minimal effective dose of gabapentin in multimodal analgesia for postoperative pain following total abdominal hysterectomy. <b>Material & Methods:</b> After informed consent, total of 87 patients were randomly assigned to A, B & C groups to receive gabapentin orally 300 mg, 600 mg, and 900 mg respectively one to two hours before surgery. Postoperatively pain was managed by patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) using pethidine. Pain score, opioid consumption, and side effects of gabapentin were monitored. Rescue analgesia was given and monitored. <b>Results:</b> There was no statistically significant difference among the groups with respect to age, weight, height, pethidine consumption, and rescue analgesia. Mean pain scores were statistically insignificant at baseline, 8, 12, and 24 hours postoperatively. Only at 4 hours, the highest pain score (mean) was found in group A, which is statistically significant. The side effects of gabapentin like nausea, vomiting, somnolence, and dizziness were also statistically insignificant. <b>Conclusion:</b> A single preoperative oral gabapentin 300 mg was found to be minimal effective dose in multimodal analgesic regimen for reducing post-operative pain and analgesic requirement following total abdominal hysterectomy.
文摘Aims & Objectives: Aim of the study was to evaluate inter-observer variability in interpretation of Gallium-68 labeled Prostate Specific Membrane Antigen sub-type 11 (68Ga-PSMA-11) Positron Emission Tomography-Computed Tomography PET_CT scan according to Prostate Cancer Molecular Imaging Standardized Evaluation (PROMISE) criteria. Method and Materials: Forty-four consecutive patients of prostate cancer were prospectively studied between the duration of January 2021 to June 2021 at Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Oncology (INMOL), Lahore. All PET-CT scans were assessed by a researcher and 3 nuclear physicians and divided into two groups, interpreted in two phases. In the first phase, each group independently evaluated the scans while in the second phase, a consensus meeting was held and all the cases with discordance were discussed. Cohen’s Kappa test was used to measure interobserver variability with the cut-off of K’s alpha Results: The study showed 41 out of 44 scans with positive PSMA findings while 03 scans were negative for any PSMA avid disease. In the first phase of image analysis, the level of agreement was slight in T stage (Kappa = 0.068, p = 0.65), moderate in the miN stage (Kappa = 0.46, p = 0.02) and substantial in miM stage (Kappa = 0.77, p ≤ 0.001) was seen. For PSMA score, overall agreement was substantial agreement (Kappa = 0.64, p Conclusion: Remarkable inter-observer agreement was seen in PROMISE criteria.
文摘<strong>Background:</strong> COVID-19 Pandemic is still circulating within the human population and proving to be a deadlier disease with a mortality rate ranging from 0.5% to 7%. Since COVID-19 is a highly transmissible disease;there is always a probability for its outward spread towards the general public and community from the hospitals and healthcare facilities where they come to seek treatment. <strong>Methodology:</strong> A prospective cohort study design was used, considering the limited available resources and time—a total of 200 healthcare workers (including doctors, nurses, para-medical staff, janitorial staff, reception staff & pharmacists) working in the OPDs of the two major public sector hospitals of Quetta were made part of this study. The study participants were selected using a simple random sampling technique and selection was made from the daily attendance register. The study participants from “Hospital-A” were first of all educated and trained on various COVID-19 IPC measures later on various COVID-19-IEC materials;written in simple Urdu language, were displayed clearly everywhere in the OPD. Similarly, handwashing stations along with hand sanitizers/soaps and surgical face masks were also made available free of cost for all the study participants of Hospital-A. Moreover the importance and effectiveness of COVID-19 IPC measures were continuously announced in the OPD gallery of Hospital-A, these announcements used simple wording in local languages (<em>i.e.</em>, Urdu, Pashto, Balochi and Brahvi). On the other hand, in the OPD of “Hospital-B”, no such interventions were made. The study participants of both the hospitals were followed for one month and observations like which group showed more on-job noncompliance towards various COVID-19 IPC measures were recorded. The data was recorded on daily basis (from 1<sup>st</sup> May-to-31<sup>st</sup> May 2021) after observing the study participants for compliance towards using face masks, face shields, personal protective gowns, gloves, ha
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.11274132 and 11550110180)
文摘We investigate the time evolution of entanglement between two quantum dots in an engineered vacuum environment such that a metallic nanoring having a surface plasmon is placed near the quantum dots. Such engineering in environment results in oscillations in entanglement dynamics of the quantum dots systems. With proper adjustment of the separation between the quantum dots, entanglement decay can be stabilized and preserved for longer time than its decay without the surface plasmons interactions.
基金This project(P-2549)was supported by Higher Education Commission(HEC)Govt.of Pakistan
文摘A new sulfonamide, 4-{（4-nitrophenylsulfonamido）methyl}cyclohexanecarboxylic acid（C14H18N2O6S）, has been synthesized by the reaction of tranexamic acid and 4-nitrobenzenesulfonyl chloride in basic medium at room temperature. The molecular structure was determined by FT-IR, NMR, elemental analysis and single-crystal X-ray technique. X-ray diffraction shows that the compound crystallizes in the monoclinic system, space group P21/c with a = 13.5980（7）, b = 4.9877（2）, c = 23.3878（13） A, β = 93.254（3）°, Z = 4, V = 1583.67（14） A3, μ = 0.237 mm-1, F（000） = 720, R = 0.0471 and w R = 0.1182. The molecules are related by inversion and paired into dimers via C–H…O interactions. The dimmers are interlinked due to strong N–H…O bonds, where O-atoms are of sulfonyl groups. The molecules are stabilized in the form of infinite two-dimensional network with base vectors [0 1 0] and [0 0 –1] in the plane（1 0 2）. The existence of good intermolecular interactions suggests the biological importance of the synthesized molecule. The compound was screened for its interaction with FS-DNA using UV-visible spectroscopy. UV-visible spectroscopic results depict that the compound interacts with DNA by mixed binding mode intercalation along with hydrogen bonding. Negative values of ΔG（–23.34, –17.79 k J·mol-1） indicate spontaneity of the compound-DNA adduct formation.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.51601092,51571121,and 11604148)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,China(Grant Nos.30916011344 and 30916011345)+5 种基金the Fund Program for the Scientific Activities of Selected Returned Overseas Professionals in Shanxi Province,Chinathe Postdoctoral Science Foundation Funded Project(Grant No.2016M591851)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province,China(Grant Nos.BK20160833,20160829,and 20140035)the Qing Lan Project of Jiangsu Provincethe Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education InstitutionsShanxi Scholarship Council of China(Grant No.2016-092)
文摘In this work,we tuned the magnetostructural transformation and the coupled magnetocaloric properties of Mn_(48-x)V_(x)Ni_(42)Sn_(10)(x=0,1,2,and 3)ferromagnetic shape memory alloys prepared by means of partial replacement of Mn by V.It is observed that the martensitic transformation temperatures decrease with the increase of V content.The shift of the transition temperatures to lower temperatures driven by the applied field,the metamagnetic behavior,and the thermal hysteresis indicates the first-order nature for the magnetostructural transformation.The entropy changes with a magnetic field variation of 0-5 T are 15.2,18.8,and 24.3 J.kg^(-1).K^(-1)for the x=0,1,and 2 samples,respectively.The tunable martensitic transformation temperature,enhanced field driving capacity,and large entropy change suggest that Mn_(48-x)V_(x)Ni_(42)Sn_(10)alloys have a potential for applications in magnetic cooling refrigeration.
文摘Diabetes is a metabolic disorder that results in a retinal complication called diabetic retinopathy(DR)which is one of the four main reasons for sightlessness all over the globe.DR usually has no clear symptoms before the onset,thus making disease identication a challenging task.The healthcare industry may face unfavorable consequences if the gap in identifying DR is not lled with effective automation.Thus,our objective is to develop an automatic and cost-effective method for classifying DR samples.In this work,we present a custom Faster-RCNN technique for the recognition and classication of DR lesions from retinal images.After pre-processing,we generate the annotations of the dataset which is required for model training.Then,introduce DenseNet-65 at the feature extraction level of Faster-RCNN to compute the representative set of key points.Finally,the Faster-RCNN localizes and classies the input sample into ve classes.Rigorous experiments performed on a Kaggle dataset comprising of 88,704 images show that the introduced methodology outperforms with an accuracy of 97.2%.We have compared our technique with state-of-the-art approaches to show its robustness in term of DR localization and classication.Additionally,we performed cross-dataset validation on the Kaggle and APTOS datasets and achieved remarkable results on both training and testing phases.
基金supported by the National Major Program on Transgenic Organisms from Ministry of Agriculture,China(2016ZX08005-004)。
文摘Elevated activities of cytosolic fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase(cyFBPase) and sedoheptulose-1,7-bisphosphatase(SBPase)are associated with higher yields in plants. In this study, the expression levels of the cyFBPase and SBPase genes were increased by overexpressing rape(Brassica napus) cDNA in tobacco(Nicotiana tabacum) plants. The transgenic plants coexpressing cy FBPase and SBPase(TpFS), or expressing single cy FBPase(TpF) or SBPase(TpS) had 1.77-, 1.55-, 1.23-fold cyFBPase and 1.45-, 1.12-, 1.36-fold SBPase activities as compared to the wild-type(WT), respectively. Photosynthesis rates of TpF, TpS and TpFS increased 4, 20 and 25% compared with WT plants. The SBPase and cyFBPase positively regulated each other and functioned synergistically in transgenic tobacco plants. In addition, the sucrose contents of the three transgenic plants were higher than that of WT plants. The starch accumulation of the TpFS and TpS plants was improved by 53 and 37%, but slightly decreased in TpF plants. Moreover, the transgenic tobacco plants harbouring SBPase and/or cyFBPase genes showed improvements in their growth, biomass, dry weight, plant height, stem diameter, leaf size,flower number, and pod weight. In conclusion, co-expression of SBPase and cyFBPase may pave a new way for improving crop yield in agricultural applications.
文摘The novel coronavirus disease,coined as COVID-19,is a murderous and infectious disease initiated from Wuhan,China.This killer disease has taken a large number of lives around the world and its dynamics could not be controlled so far.In this article,the spatio-temporal compartmental epidemic model of the novel disease with advection and diffusion process is projected and analyzed.To counteract these types of diseases or restrict their spread,mankind depends upon mathematical modeling and medicine to reduce,alleviate,and anticipate the behavior of disease dynamics.The existence and uniqueness of the solution for the proposed system are investigated.Also,the solution to the considered system is made possible in a well-known functions space.For this purpose,a Banach space of function is chosen and the solutions are optimized in the closed and convex subset of the space.The essential explicit estimates for the solutions are investigated for the associated auxiliary data.The numerical solution and its analysis are the crux of this study.Moreover,the consistency,stability,and positivity are the indispensable and core properties of the compartmental models that a numerical design must possess.To this end,a nonstandard finite difference numerical scheme is developed to find the numerical solutions which preserve the structural properties of the continuous system.The M-matrix theory is applied to prove the positivity of the design.The results for the consistency and stability of the design are also presented in this study.The plausibility of the projected scheme is indicated by an appropriate example.Computer simulations are also exhibited to conclude the results.
文摘BACKGROUND Pancreatic cancer(PC)is one of the deadliest malignancies with an alarming mortality rate.Despite significant advancement in diagnostics and therapeutics,early diagnosis remains elusive causing poor prognosis,marred by mutations and epigenetic modifications in key genes which contribute to disease progression.AIM To evaluate the various biological tumor markers collectively for early diagnosis which could act as prognostic biomarkers and helps in future therapeutics of PC in Kashmir valley.METHODS A total of 50 confirmed PC cases were included in the study to evaluate the levels of carbohydrate antigen 19-9(CA 19-9),tissue polypeptide specific antigen(TPS),carcinoembryonic antigen(CEA),vascular endothelial growth factor-A(VEGF-A),and epidermal growth factor receptor(EGFR).Mutational analysis was performed to evaluate the mutations in Kirsten rat sarcoma(KRAS),Breast cancer type 2(BRCA-2),and deleted in pancreatic cancer-4(DPC-4)genes.However,epigenetic modifications(methylation of CpG islands)were performed in the promoter regions of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2A(p16;CDKN2A),MutL homolog 1(hMLH1),and Ras association domain-containing protein 1(RASSF1A)genes.RESULTS We found significantly elevated levels of biological markers CA 19-9(P≤0.05),TPS(P≤0.05),CEA(P≤0.001),and VEGF(P≤0.001).Molecular genetic analysis revealed that KRAS gene mutation is predominant in codon 12(16 subjects,P≤0.05),and 13(12 subjects,P≤0.05).However,we did not find a mutation in DPC-4(1203G>T)and BRCA-2(617delT)genes.Furthermore,epigenetic modification revealed that CpG methylation in 21(P≤0.05)and 4 subjects in the promoter regions of the p16 and hMLH1 gene,respectively.CONCLUSION In conclusion,CA 19-9,TPS,CEA,and VEGF levels were significantly elevated and collectively have potential as diagnostic and prognostic markers in PC.Global data of mutation in the KRAS gene commonly in codon 12 and rare in codon 13 could augment the predisposition towards PC.Additionally,methylation of the p16 gene could also modul
基金Raffaello Mazzaro and Vittorio Morandi gratefully acknowledge the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under Graphene Core2785219-Graphene Flagship for partial fundingWe extend our sincere appreciation to the Researchers Supporting Project(No.RSP-2020/79)at King Saud University,Riyadh,Saudi Arabia.
文摘The water oxidation in alkaline media is a kinetically sluggish process and it requires an active electrocatalyst for overall water splitting which is a challenging task to date.Herein,we formulate a platform for the design of efficient NiCo_(2)S_(4)/C nanocomposite using earth abundant and nonprecious materials.The nanocomposites are prepared by scale up hydrothermal method using different carbon contents from acid dehydrated sucrose.They are structurally and morphologically character-ized by various analytic techniques.The scanning electron microscopy has shown few microns flower-like morphology of nanocomposite and hexagonal crystalline phase is identified by X-ray diffraction(XRD).Further,high-resolution transmission electron microscopy supported the XRD results,and C,Ni,Co and O elements were found in the composition nanocomposite as investigated by energy-dispersive spectroscopy.The most active nanocomposite reaches a current density of 20 mA·cm^(−2) at potential of 285 mV vs reversible hydrogen electrode.The nanocomposite is kinetically supported by 61 mV·dec^(−1) as small Tafel slope.The nanocomposite is stable and durable for 40 h.The electrochemical impedance spectroscopy described a small charge transfer resistance of 188.4Ω.These findings suggest that the NiCo_(2)S_(4)/C nanocomposite could be used as a promising material for an extended range of applications particularly in energy technology.
文摘In the rapidly expanding field of peptide therapeutics,the short in vivo half-life of peptides represents a considerable limitation for drug action.D-peptides,consisting entirely of the dextrorotatory enantiomers of naturally occurring levorotatory amino acids(AAs),do not suffer from these shortcomings as they are intrinsically resistant to proteolytic degradation,resulting in a favourable pharmacokinetic profile.To experimentally identify D-peptide binders to interesting therapeutic targets,so-called mirror-image phage display is typically performed,whereby the target is synthesized in D-form and L-peptide binders are screened as in conventional phage display.This technique is extremely powerful,but it requires the synthesis of the target in D-form,which is challenging for large proteins.Here we present finDr,a novel web server for the computational identification and optimization of D-peptide ligands to any protein structure(https://findr.biologie.uni-freiburg.de/).finDr performs molecular docking to virtually screen a library of helical 12-mer peptides extracted from the RCSB Protein Data Bank(PDB)for their ability to bind to the target.In a separate,heuristic approach to search the chemical space of 12-mer peptides,finDr executes a customizable evolutionary algorithm(EA)for the de novo identification or optimization of D-peptide ligands.As a proof of principle,we demonstrate the validity of our approach to predict optimal binders to the pharmacologically relevant target phenol soluble modulin alpha 3(PSMα3),a toxin of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus(MRSA).We validate the predictions using in vitro binding assays,supporting the success of this approach.Compared to conventional methods,finDr provides a low cost and easy-to-use alternative for the identification of D-peptide ligands against protein targets of choice without size limitation.We believe finDr will facilitate D-peptide discovery with implications in biotechnology and biomedicine.
文摘A Fourier spectral scheme is proposed for solving the periodic problem of nonlinear Klein-Gordon equation. Its stability and convergence are investigated. Numerical results are also presented.
基金financially supported by the Agricultural Linkages Programme (ALP) of Pakistan Agricultural Research Council (PARC) (ALP/PARC) (No.CS-268) on Microbial Biotechnology for Sustainable Production of LegumesProf.Dr.Zahir A.Zahir, Soil Microbiology & Biochemistry Laboratory, Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Pakistan, for providing financial and logistic support to carry out the present investigation
文摘Legume plants are an essential component of sustainable farming systems.Phosphorus(P) deficiency is a significant constraint for legume production, especially in nutrient-poor soils of arid and semi-arid regions.In the present study, we conducted a pot experiment to evaluate the effects of a phosphorus-mobilizing plant-growth promoting rhizobacterial strain Bacillus cereus GS6, either alone or combined with phosphate-enriched compost(PEC) on the symbiotic(nodulation-N_2 fixation) performance of soybean(Glycine max(L.) Merr.) on an Aridisol.The PEC was produced by composting food waste with addition of single super phosphate.The bacterial strain B.cereus GS6 showed considerable potential for P solubilization and mobilization by releasing carboxylates in insoluble P(rock phosphate)-enriched medium.Inoculation of B.cereus GS6 in combination with PEC application significantly improved nodulation and nodule N_2 fixation efficiency.Compared to the control(without B.cereus GS6 and PEC), the combined application of B.cereus GS6 with PEC resulted in significantly higher accumulation of nitrogen(N), P, and potassium(K) in grain, shoot, and nodule.The N:P and P:K ratios in nodules were significantly altered by the application of PEC and B.cereus GS6, which reflected the important roles of P and K in symbiotic performance of soybean.The combined application of PEC and B.cereus GS6 also significantly increased the soil dehydrogenase and phosphomonoesterase activities, as well as the soil available N, P, and K contents.Significant positive relationships were found between soil organic carbon(C) content, dehydrogenase and phosphomonoesterase activities, and available N, P, and K contents.This study suggests that inoculation of P-mobilizing rhizobacteria, such as B.cereus GS6, in combination with PEC application might enhance legume productivity by improving nodulation and nodule N_2 fixation efficiency.
