Our next generation of industry-lndustry 4.0-holds the promise of increased flexibility in manufacturing, along with mass customization, better quality, and improved productivity. It thus enables companies to cope wit...Our next generation of industry-lndustry 4.0-holds the promise of increased flexibility in manufacturing, along with mass customization, better quality, and improved productivity. It thus enables companies to cope with the challenges of producing increasingly individualized products with a short lead-time to market and higher quality. Intelligent manufacturing plays an important role in Industry 4.0. Typical resources are converted into intelligent objects so that they are able to sense, act, and behave within a smart environment. In order to fully understand intelligent manufacturing in the context of Industry 4.0, this paper provides a comprehensive review of associated topics such as intelligent manufacturing, Internet of Things （IoT）- enabled manufacturing, and cloud manufacturing. Similarities and differences in these topics are highlighted based on our analysis. We also review key technologies such as the loT, cyber-physical systems （CPSs）, cloud computing, big data analytics （BDA）, and information and communications technology （ICT） that are used to enable intelligent manufacturing. Next, we describe worldwide movements in intelligent manufacturing, including governmental strategic plans from different countries and strategic plans from major international companies in the European Union, United States, Japan, and China. Finally, we present current challenges and future research directions. The concepts discussed in this paper will spark new ideas in the effort to realize the much-anticipated Fourth Industrial Revolution.展开更多
IS THERE ANYTHING NEW?Helicobacter pylori has been for many years aforgotten bacterium,since the first report on thisspiral organism dated from the 19th century.Asearly as in 1906,an association between a spiralorgani...IS THERE ANYTHING NEW?Helicobacter pylori has been for many years aforgotten bacterium,since the first report on thisspiral organism dated from the 19th century.Asearly as in 1906,an association between a spiralorganism and gastric carcinoma was suggested.Doenges reported in 1938 that on autopsy not展开更多
19 颅内出血史
根据最初的 FDA 标签和2013年AHA/ASA指南,颅内出血史是静脉阿替普酶治疗缺血性卒中的一项额外禁忌证或排除标准。最近修订后的标签仅将近期 ICH 列为一项警告,并且在禁忌证中删除了ICH史。与前面讨论的静脉阿替普酶治...19 颅内出血史
根据最初的 FDA 标签和2013年AHA/ASA指南,颅内出血史是静脉阿替普酶治疗缺血性卒中的一项额外禁忌证或排除标准。最近修订后的标签仅将近期 ICH 列为一项警告,并且在禁忌证中删除了ICH史。与前面讨论的静脉阿替普酶治疗排除标准相似,文献回顾仅在大样本回顾性研究中发现了少量这类病例。缺乏相关数据可能是修订后的FDA 标签不再将 ICH 史作为禁忌证而仅将近期ICH 列为一项警告的原因。在这种情况下,FDA 如何定义“近期”一词尚不清楚。有趣的是,对在静脉阿替普酶治疗前通过 MRI 检测脑微出血（ cerebral microbleed, CMBs）存在情况进行的研究可为这个卒中亚组患者提供更多的见解。从病理生理学角度,这种微出血的原因尚不清楚,可能反映再灌注损伤或脑血管自动调节功能破坏。因此,在静脉阿替普酶治疗后出现这些损害可能没有意义或是人为信号。展开更多
Mo silicides Mo_5Si_3 with high quality were prepared using ion beamdeposition equipment with two Filter Metal Vacuum Are Deposition (FMEVAD). When the number ofalternant deposition times was 198, total thickness of t...Mo silicides Mo_5Si_3 with high quality were prepared using ion beamdeposition equipment with two Filter Metal Vacuum Are Deposition (FMEVAD). When the number ofalternant deposition times was 198, total thickness of the coating is 40nm. The coatings withdroplet free can be readily obtained, so the surface is smooth. TEM observation shows that Mo and Sialternant deposition coating is compact structure. The fine Mo silicide grains densely distributedin the coating. The coating adherence on silicon is excellent.展开更多
A microstructural model, which was used to predict the evolution of microstructure of Gatorized Waspaloy in the isothermal forging process, was developed in terms of dynamic recrystallization and grain growth. The fol...A microstructural model, which was used to predict the evolution of microstructure of Gatorized Waspaloy in the isothermal forging process, was developed in terms of dynamic recrystallization and grain growth. The following three steps of experiment were conducted during developing the model. (1) Specimens were compressed in the MTS testing machine. (2) Dynamic recrystallization and grain growth were discussed. (3) Dynamic recrystallization model and grain growth model were set up. The simulated results are in good agreement with the experimental data.展开更多
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection underlies gastric ulcer disease, gastric cancer and duodenal ulcer disease. The disease expression reflects the pattern and extent of gastritis/gastric atrophy (i.e., duodenal...Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection underlies gastric ulcer disease, gastric cancer and duodenal ulcer disease. The disease expression reflects the pattern and extent of gastritis/gastric atrophy (i.e., duodenal ulcer with non-atrophic and gastric ulcer and gastric cancer with atrophic gastritis). Gastric and duodenal ulcers and gastric cancer have been known for thousands of years. Ulcers are generally non-fatal and until the 20<sup>th</sup> century were difficult to diagnose. However, the presence and pattern of gastritis in past civilizations can be deduced based on the diseases present. It has been suggested that gastric ulcer and duodenal ulcer both arose or became more frequent in Europe in the 19<sup>th</sup> century. Here, we show that gastric cancer and gastric ulcer were present throughout the 17<sup>th</sup> to 19<sup>th</sup> centuries consistent with atrophic gastritis being the predominant pattern, as it proved to be when it could be examined directly in the late 19<sup>th</sup> century. The environment before the 20<sup>th</sup> century favored acquisition of H. pylori infection and atrophic gastritis (e.g., poor sanitation and standards of living, seasonal diets poor in fresh fruits and vegetables, especially in winter, vitamin deficiencies, and frequent febrile infections in childhood). The latter part of the 19<sup>th</sup> century saw improvements in standards of living, sanitation, and diets with a corresponding decrease in rate of development of atrophic gastritis allowing duodenal ulcers to become more prominent. In the early 20<sup>th</sup> century physician’s believed they could diagnose ulcers clinically and that the diagnosis required hospitalization for “surgical disease” or for “Sippy” diets. We show that while H. pylori remained common and virulent in Europe and the United States, environmental changes resulted in changes of the pattern of gastritis producing a change in the manifestations of H. pylori infections and subsequently to a rapi展开更多
While severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus （SARS-CoV）~as initially thought to enter cells through direct fusion with the plasma membrane, more recent evidence suggests that yirus entry may also involve endo...While severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus （SARS-CoV）~as initially thought to enter cells through direct fusion with the plasma membrane, more recent evidence suggests that yirus entry may also involve endocytosis. We have found that SARS-CoV enters cells viapH- and receptor-dependent endocytosis. Treatment of cells with either SARS-COV spike protein or spike-bearing pseudoviruses resulted in the translocation of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 （ACE2）, the functional receptor of SARS-CoV, from the cell surface to endosomes. In addition, the spike-bearing pseudoviruses and early endosome antigen 1 were found to colocalize in endosomes. Further analyses using specific endocytic path- way inhibitors and dominant-negative Epsl5 as well as caveolin-1 colocalization study suggested that virus entry was mediated by a clathrin- and caveolae-independent mechanism. Moreover, cholesterol- and sphingolipid-rich lipid raft microdomains in the plasma membrane, which have been shown to act as platforms for many physiological signaling pathways, were shown to be involved in virus entry. Endocytic entry of SARS-CoV may expand the cellular range of SARS-CoV infection, and our findings here contribute to the understanding of SARS-CoV pathogenesis, providing new information for anti-viral drug research.展开更多
文摘Our next generation of industry-lndustry 4.0-holds the promise of increased flexibility in manufacturing, along with mass customization, better quality, and improved productivity. It thus enables companies to cope with the challenges of producing increasingly individualized products with a short lead-time to market and higher quality. Intelligent manufacturing plays an important role in Industry 4.0. Typical resources are converted into intelligent objects so that they are able to sense, act, and behave within a smart environment. In order to fully understand intelligent manufacturing in the context of Industry 4.0, this paper provides a comprehensive review of associated topics such as intelligent manufacturing, Internet of Things （IoT）- enabled manufacturing, and cloud manufacturing. Similarities and differences in these topics are highlighted based on our analysis. We also review key technologies such as the loT, cyber-physical systems （CPSs）, cloud computing, big data analytics （BDA）, and information and communications technology （ICT） that are used to enable intelligent manufacturing. Next, we describe worldwide movements in intelligent manufacturing, including governmental strategic plans from different countries and strategic plans from major international companies in the European Union, United States, Japan, and China. Finally, we present current challenges and future research directions. The concepts discussed in this paper will spark new ideas in the effort to realize the much-anticipated Fourth Industrial Revolution.
文摘IS THERE ANYTHING NEW?Helicobacter pylori has been for many years aforgotten bacterium,since the first report on thisspiral organism dated from the 19th century.Asearly as in 1906,an association between a spiralorganism and gastric carcinoma was suggested.Doenges reported in 1938 that on autopsy not
基金This work was supported by 863 High Science & Technology Committee(2001AA38020) The National Natural Science Foundation of
文摘Mo silicides Mo_5Si_3 with high quality were prepared using ion beamdeposition equipment with two Filter Metal Vacuum Are Deposition (FMEVAD). When the number ofalternant deposition times was 198, total thickness of the coating is 40nm. The coatings withdroplet free can be readily obtained, so the surface is smooth. TEM observation shows that Mo and Sialternant deposition coating is compact structure. The fine Mo silicide grains densely distributedin the coating. The coating adherence on silicon is excellent.
文摘A microstructural model, which was used to predict the evolution of microstructure of Gatorized Waspaloy in the isothermal forging process, was developed in terms of dynamic recrystallization and grain growth. The following three steps of experiment were conducted during developing the model. (1) Specimens were compressed in the MTS testing machine. (2) Dynamic recrystallization and grain growth were discussed. (3) Dynamic recrystallization model and grain growth model were set up. The simulated results are in good agreement with the experimental data.
基金Supported by In part by the Office of Research and Development Medical Research Service Department of Veterans Affairs,Public Health Service grants No.DK062813 and No.DK56338 which funds the Texas Medical Center Digestive Diseases Center
文摘Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection underlies gastric ulcer disease, gastric cancer and duodenal ulcer disease. The disease expression reflects the pattern and extent of gastritis/gastric atrophy (i.e., duodenal ulcer with non-atrophic and gastric ulcer and gastric cancer with atrophic gastritis). Gastric and duodenal ulcers and gastric cancer have been known for thousands of years. Ulcers are generally non-fatal and until the 20<sup>th</sup> century were difficult to diagnose. However, the presence and pattern of gastritis in past civilizations can be deduced based on the diseases present. It has been suggested that gastric ulcer and duodenal ulcer both arose or became more frequent in Europe in the 19<sup>th</sup> century. Here, we show that gastric cancer and gastric ulcer were present throughout the 17<sup>th</sup> to 19<sup>th</sup> centuries consistent with atrophic gastritis being the predominant pattern, as it proved to be when it could be examined directly in the late 19<sup>th</sup> century. The environment before the 20<sup>th</sup> century favored acquisition of H. pylori infection and atrophic gastritis (e.g., poor sanitation and standards of living, seasonal diets poor in fresh fruits and vegetables, especially in winter, vitamin deficiencies, and frequent febrile infections in childhood). The latter part of the 19<sup>th</sup> century saw improvements in standards of living, sanitation, and diets with a corresponding decrease in rate of development of atrophic gastritis allowing duodenal ulcers to become more prominent. In the early 20<sup>th</sup> century physician’s believed they could diagnose ulcers clinically and that the diagnosis required hospitalization for “surgical disease” or for “Sippy” diets. We show that while H. pylori remained common and virulent in Europe and the United States, environmental changes resulted in changes of the pattern of gastritis producing a change in the manifestations of H. pylori infections and subsequently to a rapi
文摘While severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus （SARS-CoV）~as initially thought to enter cells through direct fusion with the plasma membrane, more recent evidence suggests that yirus entry may also involve endocytosis. We have found that SARS-CoV enters cells viapH- and receptor-dependent endocytosis. Treatment of cells with either SARS-COV spike protein or spike-bearing pseudoviruses resulted in the translocation of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 （ACE2）, the functional receptor of SARS-CoV, from the cell surface to endosomes. In addition, the spike-bearing pseudoviruses and early endosome antigen 1 were found to colocalize in endosomes. Further analyses using specific endocytic path- way inhibitors and dominant-negative Epsl5 as well as caveolin-1 colocalization study suggested that virus entry was mediated by a clathrin- and caveolae-independent mechanism. Moreover, cholesterol- and sphingolipid-rich lipid raft microdomains in the plasma membrane, which have been shown to act as platforms for many physiological signaling pathways, were shown to be involved in virus entry. Endocytic entry of SARS-CoV may expand the cellular range of SARS-CoV infection, and our findings here contribute to the understanding of SARS-CoV pathogenesis, providing new information for anti-viral drug research.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 40221301, 40372087 and 40132010)ARC Discovery and Linkage International grants
