Microplastic wastes in ocean can include the harmful chemical material, and the harmful material is concentrated by marine species. The separation and collecting methods of microplastics in ocean are researched in the...Microplastic wastes in ocean can include the harmful chemical material, and the harmful material is concentrated by marine species. The separation and collecting methods of microplastics in ocean are researched in the world. The authors proposed the microplastics recovery device composed of the plates. Besides, the device consists of the tilted inlet/outlet and the horizontal part. In the water flow such as the tidal and ocean currents, the microplastics can be extracted from the main flow due to the vortex flow generated at the inner part of this device. In this research, the effects of the flow velocity and the inlet/outlet tilt angle on the capture performance were investigated experimentally and numerically. In the numerical simulations using the discrete phase model, the tilt angle was changed in a range between 30 degrees and 150 degrees in increments of 15 degrees, and the particle tracks of plastics were derived in steady condition. On the other hand, the capture performances in three cases of tilt angle 45 degrees, 120 degrees and 150 degrees were compared by circulation type water channel tests in which the plastics denser than the water were swept away 30 times every flow velocity. As the result, it seems that the tilt angle of 120 degrees is suitable for the wide range of the flow velocity in river and ocean.展开更多
Prediction of inception of sheet cavitation on solid walls has been recognized to be very difficult, since it is significantly affected by the boundary layer flow characteristics, the population of free nuclei, the nu...Prediction of inception of sheet cavitation on solid walls has been recognized to be very difficult, since it is significantly affected by the boundary layer flow characteristics, the population of free nuclei, the nuclei held in the wall roughness, the amount of dissolved air in liquid and so on. It has not sufficiently been made clear how the inception is affected by the conditions of water qualities and background flow characteristics. In this study, high speed observation of inception of sheet cavity from free nuclei is conducted for a two-dimensional convergent-divergent nozzle flow, where the sheet cavity forms just downstream of the nozzle throat. The effects of the amount of dissolved air and the free stream velocity on the inception process of sheet cavitation is examined. In addition, the bubble nuclei density, which is well known to be important factor for cavitation inception, is passively controlled by the filter installed in the tunnel. From the observations, it is confirmed that the nuclei number density significantly affects the formation of sheet cavity rather than the other two parameters. In conditions with large nuclei number density, the sheet cavity does not form, and bubbly cavitation appears instead. In the case with small nuclei number density, the sheet cavity forms from a single flowing nucleus and develops streamwisely and spanwisely. In the conditions with medium nuclei number density, the sheet cavity also forms but is shorter/narrower streamwisely/spanwisely, due to interaction of other nuclei flowing near the formed sheet cavity.展开更多
We report the remission of primary gastric lymphoma of the mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue （MALT） type in two immunocompromised pediatric patients. Patient 1, a 14-year-old boy in an immunocompromised state of unk...We report the remission of primary gastric lymphoma of the mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue （MALT） type in two immunocompromised pediatric patients. Patient 1, a 14-year-old boy in an immunocompromised state of unknown cause, complained of repeated abdominal pain. Examinations revealed gastric MALT with local invasion and lymph node involvement. Serum anti-Helicobacter pylori （H pylon） antibody was positive. H pylori eradication was abandoned due to its adverse effects. The MALT lesion spontaneously regressed over the next 24 months without any treatment for lymphoma. Patient 2, a 6-year-old boy, underwent cord blood transplantation for the treatment of adrenoleukodystrophy. He was administered immunosuppressants for graft-versus-host disease after transplantation. Nausea and hematochezia appeared and further examinations revealed gastric MALT with H pylori gastritis. Treatment consisting of medication for the Hpylori infection alone eradicated the Hpylori and completely resolved the patient＇s MALT lesion, as well. Patients i and 2 were followed up over periods of 10 years and 3 years, respectively, without any signs of relapse. In conclusion, gastric lymphoma of the MALT type can be cured by conservative treatment even in immunocompromised pediatric patients.展开更多
Schizophrenia is a disease that affects many areas of the brain. The dopamine hypothesis is one of the most widely-accepted ideas in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. Besides alterations in the dopaminergic system...Schizophrenia is a disease that affects many areas of the brain. The dopamine hypothesis is one of the most widely-accepted ideas in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. Besides alterations in the dopaminergic system in the central nervous system, there have been several reports of changes in dopaminergic systems in the peripheral blood of schizophrenic patients. Several reports have shown that dopamine receptor expression by lymphocytes is altered in patients with schizophrenia, but the results have been conflicting. We therefore re-assessed D3R and D4R mRNA levels in 11 patients with schizophrenia and 12 healthy subjects and correlated levels with severity of symptoms. D3R and D4R expression in lymphocytes and granulocytes was measured by quantitative RT-PCR and the severity of symptoms and cognitive impairment were assessed using the PANSS and BACS-J. There were no significant differences in mean D3R or D4R mRNA levels in lymphocytes from schizophrenic patients and controls and no significant difference in mean D4R mRNA levels in granulocytes (D3R mRNA undetectable). In patients with schizophrenia, D3R expression was inversely correlated with the total PANSS score (r = 0.768, p = 0.009), while D4R expression was positively correlated with working memory scales (r = 0.895, p = 0.001). In conclusion, these results imply that lymphocyte D3R and D4R are involved in the mechanisms of the disorder and could be used as target markers in the treatment of schizophrenia.展开更多
The aim of this study is to investigate CO2 two-phase nozzle flow in terms of both experimental and analytical aspects for the optimum design of two-phase flow nozzle of CO2 two-phase flow ejector. In the experiment, ...The aim of this study is to investigate CO2 two-phase nozzle flow in terms of both experimental and analytical aspects for the optimum design of two-phase flow nozzle of CO2 two-phase flow ejector. In the experiment, it is measured that the temperature profile in the stream-wise direction of a divergent-convergent nozzle through which CO2 in the supercritical pressure condition is blown down into the atmosphere. In the analysis, a one-dimensional model which assumes steady, adiabatic, frictionless, and equilibrium is proposed. In the convergent part of the nozzle the flow is treated as single-phase flow of liquid, whereas in the divergent part the flow is treated as separated two-phase flow with saturated condition. The analytical results indicate that the temperature and the pressure decrease rapidly in the divergent part, and the void fraction increases immediately near the throat. Although this analysis is quite simple, the analytical results can follow the experimental results well within this study.展开更多
Multilayer polarization elements and their applications to polarimetric studies in 20～400 eV region are mainly reviewed. General principle of selecting material combinations to get high linear polarizance multilayers...Multilayer polarization elements and their applications to polarimetric studies in 20～400 eV region are mainly reviewed. General principle of selecting material combinations to get high linear polarizance multilayers of reflection type is given with practical examples,with periodic or non-periodic layer structures depending on the usage. Transmission type is introduced as linear polarizer and phase shifter. Their applications include polarization diagnosis of laboratory optical systems and synchrotron radiation beamlines of linear and circular polarization,magnetic rotation experiments such as Faraday rotation and magnetic Kerr rotation on magnetic films and multilayers,and ellipsometry to measure optical constants of thin films precisely. Polarization analysis of soft X-ray fluorescence using multilayer-coated grating is also mentioned. Finally this review is summarized with outlook of further developments.展开更多
Microscopes in vacuum ultraviolet and soft X-ray regions using a normal incidence type of Schwarzschild objective are reviewed. The objective consists of a concave mirror and a convex mirror coated with a high reflect...Microscopes in vacuum ultraviolet and soft X-ray regions using a normal incidence type of Schwarzschild objective are reviewed. The objective consists of a concave mirror and a convex mirror coated with a high reflectance multilayer,having a large numerical aperture comparing with other objectives. The microscopes have been used to diagnose inertia-confinement-fusion plasmas,and to investigate small samples or microstructures of in- organic and organic materials by imaging them using laboratory light sources. Synchrotron radiation has been also used to obtain a microbeam for a photoelectron scanning microscope with a spatial resolution of 0.1 μm. The struc- ture and performance of two laboratory microscopes developed at Tohoku University are demonstrated. One of them is a soft X-ray emission imaging microscope. An image of an artificial pattern made of W and SiO2 on Si wafer by focusing Si L emission was presented. The other is an ultraviolet photoelectron scanning microscope using a He (he- lium) gas discharge lamp. The valence band spectra of a microcrystal of FeWO4 were presented. Furthermore other applications such as demagnifying optics for lithography and optics to gather fluorescence for emission spectroscopy are introduced.展开更多
Several gelatin-silicate composites, with or without incorporation of Ca2+ ions, were synthesized through sol-gel processing starting from gelatin and 3- (glycidoxypropyl) trimethoxysilane. The structure around the Si...Several gelatin-silicate composites, with or without incorporation of Ca2+ ions, were synthesized through sol-gel processing starting from gelatin and 3- (glycidoxypropyl) trimethoxysilane. The structure around the Si atoms was similar for all the samples. The measurement of viscoelastic properties indicated that the glass transition temperature and activation energy decreased with the incorporation of Ca2+ ions. The Ca2+ ion-containing composites were bioactive as they spontaneously deposited apatite when soaked in a simulated body fluid of the Kokubo recipe.展开更多
Objective:To characterize diurnal intraocular pressure (IOP)-changes in primary open-angle glaucoma by reproducing IOPs based on patient posture. Methods: In 148 patients with untreated primary open-angle glaucoma who...Objective:To characterize diurnal intraocular pressure (IOP)-changes in primary open-angle glaucoma by reproducing IOPs based on patient posture. Methods: In 148 patients with untreated primary open-angle glaucoma who had IOPs recorded during clinic hours that were less than 21 mm Hg (average,14.8± 3.2 mm Hg),we measured IOP by noncontact tonometry every 2 hours from 6 AM to midnight and every 3 hours from midnight to 6 AM with patients sitting and supine. The IOP was reproduced by designating the sitting IOP as measurements taken when the patient was awake and the supine IOP as measurements taken when the patient was asleep for each individual. The reproduced diurnal IOP was composed of 12 measurements that included 2 to 4 IOP levels measured with the patients supine and the rest while they were sitting. Results: The peak of sitting diurnal IOP (mean± SD) for 148 patients was 16.0± 2.7 mm Hg,which was significantly lower than the peak of supine IOP (18.9± 3.9 mm Hg) or the reproduced IOP (17.5± 3.6 mm Hg) (P < .001 for both comparisons). The average reproduced IOP at each measurement time peaked at 3 AM during sleep; with sitting diurnal IOP or supine diurnal IOP,the peak IOPs were at noon. Twenty-nine patients (20% ) with an IOP less than 21mmHg during clinic hours had a reproduced IOP of 21mmHg or greater while asleep,compared with only 5 patients (3% ) when the patients were sitting only. Conclusions: In patients with primary open-angle glaucoma and IOPs less than 21 mm Hg during clinic hours,20% of patients had a reproduced IOP of 21 mm Hg or greater,compared with only 3% who had an IOP of 21 mm Hg or greater while sitting. Intraocular pressures peaked in most patients during sleep.展开更多
Chinese Association for International Understanding,On the occasion of the 40th anniversary of your establishment and the 72nd anniversary of the founding of the People’s Republic of China,I would like to extend warm...Chinese Association for International Understanding,On the occasion of the 40th anniversary of your establishment and the 72nd anniversary of the founding of the People’s Republic of China,I would like to extend warm congratulations to you on behalf of the Japan NPO BELLPO-KAI Social Training Association.The exchanges between us have lasted for morethan 20 years.展开更多
PURPOSE: To describe a technique for the prevention of spontaneous loss of lacrimal punctal plugs. DESIGN: Interventional case series. METHODS: Four consecutive patients (10 puncta in seven eyes) with severe dry eyes ...PURPOSE: To describe a technique for the prevention of spontaneous loss of lacrimal punctal plugs. DESIGN: Interventional case series. METHODS: Four consecutive patients (10 puncta in seven eyes) with severe dry eyes who experienced repeated spontaneous plug loss underwent punctal occlusion by suturing plugs with 10-0 polypropylene sutures. RESULTS: All punctal plugs were fitted to lacrimal puncta by anchoring the sutures. Plug retention rate was 80% at 6 months after the procedure. CONCLUSION: Suturing punctal plugs is effective in the production of long-term punctal closure in patients with repeated spontaneous plug loss.展开更多
文摘Microplastic wastes in ocean can include the harmful chemical material, and the harmful material is concentrated by marine species. The separation and collecting methods of microplastics in ocean are researched in the world. The authors proposed the microplastics recovery device composed of the plates. Besides, the device consists of the tilted inlet/outlet and the horizontal part. In the water flow such as the tidal and ocean currents, the microplastics can be extracted from the main flow due to the vortex flow generated at the inner part of this device. In this research, the effects of the flow velocity and the inlet/outlet tilt angle on the capture performance were investigated experimentally and numerically. In the numerical simulations using the discrete phase model, the tilt angle was changed in a range between 30 degrees and 150 degrees in increments of 15 degrees, and the particle tracks of plastics were derived in steady condition. On the other hand, the capture performances in three cases of tilt angle 45 degrees, 120 degrees and 150 degrees were compared by circulation type water channel tests in which the plastics denser than the water were swept away 30 times every flow velocity. As the result, it seems that the tilt angle of 120 degrees is suitable for the wide range of the flow velocity in river and ocean.
文摘Prediction of inception of sheet cavitation on solid walls has been recognized to be very difficult, since it is significantly affected by the boundary layer flow characteristics, the population of free nuclei, the nuclei held in the wall roughness, the amount of dissolved air in liquid and so on. It has not sufficiently been made clear how the inception is affected by the conditions of water qualities and background flow characteristics. In this study, high speed observation of inception of sheet cavity from free nuclei is conducted for a two-dimensional convergent-divergent nozzle flow, where the sheet cavity forms just downstream of the nozzle throat. The effects of the amount of dissolved air and the free stream velocity on the inception process of sheet cavitation is examined. In addition, the bubble nuclei density, which is well known to be important factor for cavitation inception, is passively controlled by the filter installed in the tunnel. From the observations, it is confirmed that the nuclei number density significantly affects the formation of sheet cavity rather than the other two parameters. In conditions with large nuclei number density, the sheet cavity does not form, and bubbly cavitation appears instead. In the case with small nuclei number density, the sheet cavity forms from a single flowing nucleus and develops streamwisely and spanwisely. In the conditions with medium nuclei number density, the sheet cavity also forms but is shorter/narrower streamwisely/spanwisely, due to interaction of other nuclei flowing near the formed sheet cavity.
文摘We report the remission of primary gastric lymphoma of the mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue （MALT） type in two immunocompromised pediatric patients. Patient 1, a 14-year-old boy in an immunocompromised state of unknown cause, complained of repeated abdominal pain. Examinations revealed gastric MALT with local invasion and lymph node involvement. Serum anti-Helicobacter pylori （H pylon） antibody was positive. H pylori eradication was abandoned due to its adverse effects. The MALT lesion spontaneously regressed over the next 24 months without any treatment for lymphoma. Patient 2, a 6-year-old boy, underwent cord blood transplantation for the treatment of adrenoleukodystrophy. He was administered immunosuppressants for graft-versus-host disease after transplantation. Nausea and hematochezia appeared and further examinations revealed gastric MALT with H pylori gastritis. Treatment consisting of medication for the Hpylori infection alone eradicated the Hpylori and completely resolved the patient＇s MALT lesion, as well. Patients i and 2 were followed up over periods of 10 years and 3 years, respectively, without any signs of relapse. In conclusion, gastric lymphoma of the MALT type can be cured by conservative treatment even in immunocompromised pediatric patients.
文摘Schizophrenia is a disease that affects many areas of the brain. The dopamine hypothesis is one of the most widely-accepted ideas in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. Besides alterations in the dopaminergic system in the central nervous system, there have been several reports of changes in dopaminergic systems in the peripheral blood of schizophrenic patients. Several reports have shown that dopamine receptor expression by lymphocytes is altered in patients with schizophrenia, but the results have been conflicting. We therefore re-assessed D3R and D4R mRNA levels in 11 patients with schizophrenia and 12 healthy subjects and correlated levels with severity of symptoms. D3R and D4R expression in lymphocytes and granulocytes was measured by quantitative RT-PCR and the severity of symptoms and cognitive impairment were assessed using the PANSS and BACS-J. There were no significant differences in mean D3R or D4R mRNA levels in lymphocytes from schizophrenic patients and controls and no significant difference in mean D4R mRNA levels in granulocytes (D3R mRNA undetectable). In patients with schizophrenia, D3R expression was inversely correlated with the total PANSS score (r = 0.768, p = 0.009), while D4R expression was positively correlated with working memory scales (r = 0.895, p = 0.001). In conclusion, these results imply that lymphocyte D3R and D4R are involved in the mechanisms of the disorder and could be used as target markers in the treatment of schizophrenia.
文摘The aim of this study is to investigate CO2 two-phase nozzle flow in terms of both experimental and analytical aspects for the optimum design of two-phase flow nozzle of CO2 two-phase flow ejector. In the experiment, it is measured that the temperature profile in the stream-wise direction of a divergent-convergent nozzle through which CO2 in the supercritical pressure condition is blown down into the atmosphere. In the analysis, a one-dimensional model which assumes steady, adiabatic, frictionless, and equilibrium is proposed. In the convergent part of the nozzle the flow is treated as single-phase flow of liquid, whereas in the divergent part the flow is treated as separated two-phase flow with saturated condition. The analytical results indicate that the temperature and the pressure decrease rapidly in the divergent part, and the void fraction increases immediately near the throat. Although this analysis is quite simple, the analytical results can follow the experimental results well within this study.
文摘Multilayer polarization elements and their applications to polarimetric studies in 20～400 eV region are mainly reviewed. General principle of selecting material combinations to get high linear polarizance multilayers of reflection type is given with practical examples,with periodic or non-periodic layer structures depending on the usage. Transmission type is introduced as linear polarizer and phase shifter. Their applications include polarization diagnosis of laboratory optical systems and synchrotron radiation beamlines of linear and circular polarization,magnetic rotation experiments such as Faraday rotation and magnetic Kerr rotation on magnetic films and multilayers,and ellipsometry to measure optical constants of thin films precisely. Polarization analysis of soft X-ray fluorescence using multilayer-coated grating is also mentioned. Finally this review is summarized with outlook of further developments.
文摘Microscopes in vacuum ultraviolet and soft X-ray regions using a normal incidence type of Schwarzschild objective are reviewed. The objective consists of a concave mirror and a convex mirror coated with a high reflectance multilayer,having a large numerical aperture comparing with other objectives. The microscopes have been used to diagnose inertia-confinement-fusion plasmas,and to investigate small samples or microstructures of in- organic and organic materials by imaging them using laboratory light sources. Synchrotron radiation has been also used to obtain a microbeam for a photoelectron scanning microscope with a spatial resolution of 0.1 μm. The struc- ture and performance of two laboratory microscopes developed at Tohoku University are demonstrated. One of them is a soft X-ray emission imaging microscope. An image of an artificial pattern made of W and SiO2 on Si wafer by focusing Si L emission was presented. The other is an ultraviolet photoelectron scanning microscope using a He (he- lium) gas discharge lamp. The valence band spectra of a microcrystal of FeWO4 were presented. Furthermore other applications such as demagnifying optics for lithography and optics to gather fluorescence for emission spectroscopy are introduced.
文摘Several gelatin-silicate composites, with or without incorporation of Ca2+ ions, were synthesized through sol-gel processing starting from gelatin and 3- (glycidoxypropyl) trimethoxysilane. The structure around the Si atoms was similar for all the samples. The measurement of viscoelastic properties indicated that the glass transition temperature and activation energy decreased with the incorporation of Ca2+ ions. The Ca2+ ion-containing composites were bioactive as they spontaneously deposited apatite when soaked in a simulated body fluid of the Kokubo recipe.
文摘Objective:To characterize diurnal intraocular pressure (IOP)-changes in primary open-angle glaucoma by reproducing IOPs based on patient posture. Methods: In 148 patients with untreated primary open-angle glaucoma who had IOPs recorded during clinic hours that were less than 21 mm Hg (average,14.8± 3.2 mm Hg),we measured IOP by noncontact tonometry every 2 hours from 6 AM to midnight and every 3 hours from midnight to 6 AM with patients sitting and supine. The IOP was reproduced by designating the sitting IOP as measurements taken when the patient was awake and the supine IOP as measurements taken when the patient was asleep for each individual. The reproduced diurnal IOP was composed of 12 measurements that included 2 to 4 IOP levels measured with the patients supine and the rest while they were sitting. Results: The peak of sitting diurnal IOP (mean± SD) for 148 patients was 16.0± 2.7 mm Hg,which was significantly lower than the peak of supine IOP (18.9± 3.9 mm Hg) or the reproduced IOP (17.5± 3.6 mm Hg) (P < .001 for both comparisons). The average reproduced IOP at each measurement time peaked at 3 AM during sleep; with sitting diurnal IOP or supine diurnal IOP,the peak IOPs were at noon. Twenty-nine patients (20% ) with an IOP less than 21mmHg during clinic hours had a reproduced IOP of 21mmHg or greater while asleep,compared with only 5 patients (3% ) when the patients were sitting only. Conclusions: In patients with primary open-angle glaucoma and IOPs less than 21 mm Hg during clinic hours,20% of patients had a reproduced IOP of 21 mm Hg or greater,compared with only 3% who had an IOP of 21 mm Hg or greater while sitting. Intraocular pressures peaked in most patients during sleep.
文摘Chinese Association for International Understanding,On the occasion of the 40th anniversary of your establishment and the 72nd anniversary of the founding of the People’s Republic of China,I would like to extend warm congratulations to you on behalf of the Japan NPO BELLPO-KAI Social Training Association.The exchanges between us have lasted for morethan 20 years.
文摘PURPOSE: To describe a technique for the prevention of spontaneous loss of lacrimal punctal plugs. DESIGN: Interventional case series. METHODS: Four consecutive patients (10 puncta in seven eyes) with severe dry eyes who experienced repeated spontaneous plug loss underwent punctal occlusion by suturing plugs with 10-0 polypropylene sutures. RESULTS: All punctal plugs were fitted to lacrimal puncta by anchoring the sutures. Plug retention rate was 80% at 6 months after the procedure. CONCLUSION: Suturing punctal plugs is effective in the production of long-term punctal closure in patients with repeated spontaneous plug loss.
