Despite the engineering potential by the co-existence of inorganic and organic substances to protect vulnerable metallic materials from corrosive environments,both their interaction and in-situ formation mechanism to ...Despite the engineering potential by the co-existence of inorganic and organic substances to protect vulnerable metallic materials from corrosive environments,both their interaction and in-situ formation mechanism to induce the nature-inspired composite remained less understood.The present work used three distinctive mercaptobenzazole(MB)compounds working as corrosion inhibitors,such as 2-mercaptobenzoxazole(MBO),2-mercaptobenzothiazole(MBT),and 2-mercaptobenzimidazole(MBI)in a bid to understand how the geometrical structure arising from O,S,and N atoms affected the interaction toward inorganic layer.MB compounds that were used here to control the corrosion kinetics would be interacted readily with the pre-existing MgO layer fabricated by plasma electrolysis.This phenomenon triggered the nucleation of the root network since MB compounds were seen to be adsorbed actively on the defective surface through the active sites in MB compound.Then,the molecule with twin donor atoms adjacent to the mercapto-sites affected the facile growth of the grass-like structures with‘uniform’distribution via molecular self-assembly,which showed better corrosion performance than those with having dissimilar donor atoms with the inhibition efficiency(η)of 97%approximately.The formation mechanism underlying nucleation and growth behavior of MB molecule was discussed concerning the theoretical calculation of density functional theory.展开更多
Sarcasm detection in text data is an increasingly vital area of research due to the prevalence of sarcastic content in online communication.This study addresses challenges associated with small datasets and class imba...Sarcasm detection in text data is an increasingly vital area of research due to the prevalence of sarcastic content in online communication.This study addresses challenges associated with small datasets and class imbalances in sarcasm detection by employing comprehensive data pre-processing and Generative Adversial Network(GAN)based augmentation on diverse datasets,including iSarcasm,SemEval-18,and Ghosh.This research offers a novel pipeline for augmenting sarcasm data with Reverse Generative Adversarial Network(RGAN).The proposed RGAN method works by inverting labels between original and synthetic data during the training process.This inversion of labels provides feedback to the generator for generating high-quality data closely resembling the original distribution.Notably,the proposed RGAN model exhibits performance on par with standard GAN,showcasing its robust efficacy in augmenting text data.The exploration of various datasets highlights the nuanced impact of augmentation on model performance,with cautionary insights into maintaining a delicate balance between synthetic and original data.The methodological framework encompasses comprehensive data pre-processing and GAN-based augmentation,with a meticulous comparison against Natural Language Processing Augmentation(NLPAug)as an alternative augmentation technique.Overall,the F1-score of our proposed technique outperforms that of the synonym replacement augmentation technique using NLPAug.The increase in F1-score in experiments using RGAN ranged from 0.066%to 1.054%,and the use of standard GAN resulted in a 2.88%increase in F1-score.The proposed RGAN model outperformed the NLPAug method and demonstrated comparable performance to standard GAN,emphasizing its efficacy in text data augmentation.展开更多
Background: Insufficient capacity for cardiac surgery results in extensive waiting time for patients requiring coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). Previous studies have reported a consequence of an increased ...Background: Insufficient capacity for cardiac surgery results in extensive waiting time for patients requiring coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). Previous studies have reported a consequence of an increased risk of mortality while waiting for CABG. Identification of risk factors for mortality is important in patients waiting for CABG. Objectives: To assess mortality rates and identify risk factors for mortality of patients waiting for CABG. Methods: This retrospective cohort study was done on patients waiting for elective CABG in dr. Kariadi General Hospital from January 2018 to December 2020. Identification of risk factors associated with mortality was done on patients who were waiting for CABG using logistic regression methods. Results: There were 162 patients fulfilling the criteria, with a mean waiting time for surgery of 9.8 months. While waiting for CABG surgery, 32 (19.7%) patients died of any cause. Independent risk factors for death while waiting for CABG included left ventricular ejection fraction ≤ 45% (OR 4.75;95% CI 1.76 - 12.78;p = 0.002), left main disease (OR 4.12;95% CI 1.50 - 11.27;p = 0.006), serum creatinine ≥ 1.5 mg/dl (OR 3.71;95% CI 1.41 - 9.74;p = 0.008), and a number of coronary artery disease risk factors ≥ 3 (OR 3.34;95% CI 1.24 - 8.99;p = 0.017). Conclusions: Long waiting time for CABG is associated with a high mortality rate which is influenced by left ventricular ejection fraction ≤ 45%, left main disease, serum creatinine ≥ 1.5 mg/dl, and a number of coronary arteries disease risk factors ≥ 3.展开更多
This study explored the novel strategy of hypoxic preconditioning of Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells (BM-MSCs) before intra vitreal transplantation to improve neuroprotective effects of Retinal Ganglion Cells (RGCs...This study explored the novel strategy of hypoxic preconditioning of Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells (BM-MSCs) before intra vitreal transplantation to improve neuroprotective effects of Retinal Ganglion Cells (RGCs) in Acute Glaucoma Models. The methods of this research were isolated mesenchymal stem cells from the bone marrow of adult wild-type Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. BM-MSCs were cultured under normoxic or hypoxic (1% oxygen for 24 hours) conditions. Normoxic or hypoxic BM-MSCs were transplanted intravitreally 1 week after ocular hypertension induction by acutely increasing IOP to 100 - 120 mmHg for 60 minutes. Rats were killed 4 weeks after transplanted. Apoptosis was examined by tunnel assay and expression Brn3b (Brn3b = RGCs marker) by immunohistochemical analysis of the retina. Results showed that transplantation of hypoxic preconditioning BM-MSCs in acute glaucoma models resulted in a significant apoptosis decreasing (p < 0.05) and an significant increasing in RGCs (p < 0.05), as well as enhanced mor-phologic and functional benefits of stem cell therapy versus normoxic BM-MSCs transplantation. Conclusions: Hypoxic preconditioning enhances the capacity of BM-MSCs transplantation to improve neuroprotective effects of RGCs in Acute Glaucoma Models.展开更多
Introduction: The immunity against cervical cancers is many unknown. Major histocompatability complex class I (MHC-I) with the alpha domain has binding site for Cytotoxic T cells (CD8+) to target cells. The objective ...Introduction: The immunity against cervical cancers is many unknown. Major histocompatability complex class I (MHC-I) with the alpha domain has binding site for Cytotoxic T cells (CD8+) to target cells. The objective of this experiment is to know the expression of CD8+ and MHC-I in cervical cancer with HPV infection. Method: DNA was isolated from seventeen sample cervical cancer tissues frozen section. Diagnose related with HPV was made by PCR. Paraffin block of the tissues was cut in thoroughly cleaned cryotome and place in glass plate that covered with poly-elysine. The immuno-histochemistry is done with monoclonal antibody again MHC-I and CD8+ with TSA-indirect method. The power of expression was counted the number of positive cells to express the MHC-I and CD8+ every 100 cells per one view look. Result: The Result of this experiment shows that expression of MHC-I and CD8+ in cervical cancer with HPV infection is in mild category (30% - 70%). Conclusion: Immunity against uterine cancer played by MHC-I and CD8+ is in milt category. The experiment that related with uterine cancer immunology is suggested.展开更多
Introduction: Interleukin-2 (IL-2) is multiple which functions during an inflammatory response. Inflammation is a critical component of cancer progression. IL-10 is the most important cytokine with anti-inflammatory p...Introduction: Interleukin-2 (IL-2) is multiple which functions during an inflammatory response. Inflammation is a critical component of cancer progression. IL-10 is the most important cytokine with anti-inflammatory properties. Cancer patients typically show depression of both cellular and humoral immune functions. Aims: The objective of this experiment is to know the expression of IL-2 and IL-10 in cervical cancer. Method: Paraffin block of the tissues frozen section cervical cancer was cut in sharp and cleaned cryotome and place in glass plate that covered with poly-elysine. The immunohistochemistry stains were done with monoclonal antibody anti IL-2 and IL-10 with TSA-indirect method. The collected data were analyzed with T Test (SPSS for window 15). Result: In this study the expression of IL-2 (35.9% = moderate) is less than the expression of IL-10 (45.3% = moderate). From T Test analysis of p <= 0.153, it means that there is no significance in difference between IL-2 and IL-10. Conclusion: We indicated that the immune response plays a role in balance between cellular and humoral immunity.展开更多
Introduction: As a chaperone, heat shock protein acts as central integrators of protein homeostasis in cell. The form of these functions is to help setting up a complex protein molecular fold (folded protein) in many ...Introduction: As a chaperone, heat shock protein acts as central integrators of protein homeostasis in cell. The form of these functions is to help setting up a complex protein molecular fold (folded protein) in many important settings, such as growth, differentiation, and the ability to live. It has become clear that the control system plays an important role if the folding process fails or an error occurs, causing folding abnormalities and targeted functionality to accumulate. The accumulation of faulty protein folding would harm cells and can result in death. Apparently, there is a correlation between protein folding error with various diseases, such as diabetes mellitus and cancer. Method: We examined protein levels in all samples using Dotblott with monoclonal antibody anti-Hsp40 and anti-Hsp70. Levels of the protein content was read using a densitometer. Modification of Dot Blot was as follows: treatment was conducted with 3 × SSC, added with 20 mL blocking solution, add with total protein samples of 10 mg/ml on nitrocellulose paper, prehybridized, incubated at 70° for 30 seconds, incubated at 70° for 30 seconds with primary antibody anti-Hsp40 or Hsp70 protein and then added with second antibody HRP anti-Hsp40 or Hsp70 protein, treated with 3 × SSC and visualized with TSA HRP, and then administered with streptavidin, biothynil tyramide, and, finally, added with chromogen (DAB) in a confined space. Result: From the analysis of the data using Manova test with Wilk’s Lambda, there were significant differences in the levels of Hsp40 between Benign Oral Lesion (mean 688.31 area) and OSCC (mean 1354.59 area) patients (p 0.070), there was also a highly significant difference in Hsp70 levels between patients who experienced Benign Oral Lesion (mean 529.82 area) and OSCC (mean 1346.32 area) patients (p 0.006). Conclusion: OSCC patients have increased Hsp70 levels, so it is possible that something is going wrong in protein folding. Errors in protein folding result in a new homeostasis or inhibition of apoptosi展开更多
Resistant starch type 3 (RS3) produced from high amylose food sources through retrogradation or enzymatic process is known to have physiological function as dietary fiber. Fermentation of RS3 by colonic microorganisms...Resistant starch type 3 (RS3) produced from high amylose food sources through retrogradation or enzymatic process is known to have physiological function as dietary fiber. Fermentation of RS3 by colonic microorganisms produced SCFA (acetate, propionate, and butyrate), maintained the health of colon, balance of gut microbiota, preventing inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) and colon cancer. RS3 in this study was produced from IR-42 and Inpari-16 broken rice by enzymatic treatment (combination of amylase-pullulanase). The Resistant Starch was fermented for 12 and 24 h by colonic microbiota (extracted from healthy human subject), Clostiridium butyricum BCC-B2571, or Eubacterium rectale DSM 17629. SCFA produced was analyzed by gas chromatography. Treatment by amylase-pullulanase combination was advantageous to increase their RS3 content. The result showed that after enzymatic process, the RS3 content of IR-42 (41.13%) was not significantly different (p 0.05) from that of Inpari-16 (37.70%). High concentration of acetate (82.5 mM) and propionate (7.5 mM) were produced by colonic microbiota after 12 h fermentation and best concentration of butyrate (6.8 mM) was produced by colonic microbiota after 24 h fermentation. It is clear that utilization of colonic microbiota rather than single strain was better in the production of SCFA.展开更多
Introduction: The existence of receptor-mediated endocytosis (RME) means that selectivity and selectivity occurs in capturing macromolecules. Protein kinase C (PKC) which can be expressed by almost all cells are prote...Introduction: The existence of receptor-mediated endocytosis (RME) means that selectivity and selectivity occurs in capturing macromolecules. Protein kinase C (PKC) which can be expressed by almost all cells are proteins important in signal transduction groove that plays a role in a number of cell activity, e.g. phagocytosis. Aims: The purpose of this study is to determine the expression of RME after modulating the PKC which is characterized by the number of Candida albicans cells attached to the surface of macrophages. Methods: Peritoneal macrophages cultured BALB/c mice are treated with PMA and/or bisindolylmaleimides of providing levels of 5 ng/ml to 100 ng/ml for 10 minutes. Then immediately insert Candida albicans and observe every 30 minutes for 120 minutes. The research design used the same subject. Data collected in the form of number of Candida albicans cells attached to the surface of macrophages are analyzed with ANOVA statistical test (one way) to show the differences between treatments. Results: The test shows statistically significant difference in the number of Candida albicans cells attached to the surface of macrophages after administration of various levels of PMA (p 0.001). The higher level of PMA is given, the more active the PKC is, the more RME are formed, the more Candida albicans cells attached to the surface of macrophages. Another result shows statistically significant difference in the number of Candida albicans cells attached to the surface of macrophages after administration of various levels of bisindolylmaleimides (p 0.001). The higher level of bisindolylmaleimide is given, the less active PKC is, and the less RME are formed, the less Candida albicans cells attached to the surface of macrophages. Conclusion: Research shows that activator PKC (PMA) can increase the expression of RME on macrophages. Another research shows that inhibitor PKC (bisindolylmaleimides) can decrease the expression of RME on macrophages.展开更多
Objective: To compare the level of glutathione(GSH) and oxidized glutathione(GSSG),the ratio of GSH/GSSG and the concentration of albumin in plasma of patients with complicated and un-complicated falciparum malaria.Me...Objective: To compare the level of glutathione(GSH) and oxidized glutathione(GSSG),the ratio of GSH/GSSG and the concentration of albumin in plasma of patients with complicated and un-complicated falciparum malaria.Methods: This research was a cross sectional study using comparison analysis with the plasma GSH and GSSG, the ratio of plasma GSH/GSSG and the concentration of plasma albumin as variables. The complicated malaria patients were obtained from Dr. Saiful Anwar Hospital Malang, whereas uncomplicated malaria patients were obtained from the Regency of Pleihari South Kalimantan. Plasma GSH and GSSG levels were determined by the spectrophotometer at the wave length of 412 nm, whereas the concentration of albumin was determined by bromocresol green method in the p H of 4.1.Results: There were no significant differences between the level of plasma GSH and GSSG in complicated and uncomplicated malaria patients, as well as the ratio of plasma GSH/GSSG in the two groups(P = 0.373; P = 0.538; and P = 0.615, respectively, independent ttest). In contrast, the plasma albumin concentration in complicated malaria patients were significantly higher than uncomplicated malaria patients(P = 0.000, Mann Whitney U test).Conclusions: It can be concluded that the average of plasma GSH and GSSG level, also plasma GSH/GSSG ratio in complicated malaria are not different from uncomplicated malaria. Although plasma concentration of albumin in both groups is below the normal range,there is an increase in complicated malaria that might be as compensation of oxidative stress.展开更多
Now molecular epidemiology was meaningful. On the surface of the tumor, cells will express its antigen specific as a tumor cell (example: TSA, tumor specific antigen) and can induce cellular immune response. The resul...Now molecular epidemiology was meaningful. On the surface of the tumor, cells will express its antigen specific as a tumor cell (example: TSA, tumor specific antigen) and can induce cellular immune response. The result of interactions between group antigens with the immune system cells of the body will cause a rise in the expression of lymphocytes CD8+. The aim of this research is to find out differences in the number of lymphocytes CD8+ expression between benign and malignant tissues. This research is a laboratory experiment with the approach of cross sectional. Samples are taken from benign and malignant tissue biopsy of the breast and cervical uterine that were got from anatomical pathology laboratory, period January to February 2004. A technique using random sampling, is sample acquiring 30 benign cancer and 30 malignant of the breast or cervical uterine. To find out the significance of the difference in the number of lymphocytes CD8+ between benign and malignant of breast or cervical uterine, we used a statistical analysis Anova in SPSS for Windows 15.0 program. In this research the number of lymphocytes average in the benign cancer is 2.9667 cells (breast) and 4.2667 cells (cervical uterine), on the other side malignant tissue of 23.8000 cells (breast) and 25.0333 cells (cervical uterine). From the statistical analyses with Anova the number of lymphocytes CD8+ was very significant differences between benign and malignant of the breast or cervical uterine tissue (p < 0.001). The conclusion of this research is that there is a significant increase of the number of lymphocytes CD8+ expression in cancer tissue.展开更多
Introduction: Now the molecular epidemiology is a new experience. It’s was noted that ninety percent of mouth cancers are squamous cell carcinomas and recorded 0.96% year of all cancers in Indonesia. Human papilloma ...Introduction: Now the molecular epidemiology is a new experience. It’s was noted that ninety percent of mouth cancers are squamous cell carcinomas and recorded 0.96% year of all cancers in Indonesia. Human papilloma virus (HPV) was implicated in pathogenesis of cancer. As a remark, that mutations of p53 and c-myc are found 50% in cancer. Objective: Aims of this research were to know the relationship between the mouth squamous cell carcinoma (MSCC) with HPV infection, the presence of p53, and c-myc genes mutation. Methods and Material: Tissue biopsy frozen sections from Benign Mouth Squamous Cell (BMSC) and MSCC patients were collected from Mouth and Dental Department of Muwardi District Hospital in Solo—Indonesia. To amplify L1-HPV gene for fixed the HPV etiology, amplified p53 and c-myc genes continued with SSCP analysis and followed with measurement using densitometer to see mutation existence. The collected data were analyzed with Chi Square Test. Results: None of the sample of patients with BMSC with positive HPV showed p53 gene mutation or c-myc gene. From eleven samples obtained from patients with MSCC who were positive HPV showed 18.2% had mutations in the p53 gene and 9.1% had mutations in c-myc gene. The chisquare test was shown to have significant differences between the MSCC with HPV infection and the presence of p53 and c-myc genes mutation. Conclusion: HPV is a risk ingredient for MSCC.展开更多
Cell free supernatant containing short chain fatty acid (SCFA) resulted from fermentation of resistant starch type three (RS3) by Clostridium butyricum BCC B2571 or Eubacterium rectale DSM 17629 were investigated for ...Cell free supernatant containing short chain fatty acid (SCFA) resulted from fermentation of resistant starch type three (RS3) by Clostridium butyricum BCC B2571 or Eubacterium rectale DSM 17629 were investigated for their ability to inhibit proliferation and induce apoptosis of human colon cancer cell line HCT-116. HCT-116 was cultured in complete medium and after 50% confluent, incubation was continued for another 48 hours in the absence or presence cell free supernatant containing SCFA mixture at butyrate levels up to 10 mM. The study revealed that the proliferation inhibition effect was higher (>80%) on HCT-116 treated with supernatant of C. butyricum BCC B2571 than that (<70%) of HCT-116 treated with supernatant of E. rectale DSM 17629. The cells were induced to undergo apoptosis by both supernatant. The apoptosis occured through mitochondrial pathway by changing the expression of gene Bcl-2 and Bax, thus incresed the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio by more than 3.5 fold. The protein caspase-3 was increased by more than 250% in the presence of the cell free supernatant.展开更多
Objective:To characterize proteins and other nutrients in striatin(DLBS0333),a bioactive protein fraction isolated from snakehead fish(Channa striata) and to investigate its wound healing activity.Methods:Proteins and...Objective:To characterize proteins and other nutrients in striatin(DLBS0333),a bioactive protein fraction isolated from snakehead fish(Channa striata) and to investigate its wound healing activity.Methods:Proteins and other constituents in striatin were characterized by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis,two dimension electrophoresis,immunoblotting assay,spectroscopy and high performance liquid chromatography.The wound healing activity of striatin was studied in vitro using 3T3 fibroblast cells and in vivo using wound-induced animal model.Various parameters related to wound healing process were evaluated.Results:Striatin contained four major bioactive proteins with approximate molecular weight of 8.3,10.9,15.4 and 16.7 kDa.In addition to proteins,striatin also contained amino acids(10 essential and 7 non essential amino acids),fatty acids(palmitic acid,oleic acid,stearic acid,linoleic acid,arachidonic acid),vitamins(vitamin A,vitamin B_6)and other nutrients(carbohydrate,dietary fiber,biotin,choline,inositol,L-carnitine,selenium) which are potential for wound healing and increasing serum albumin level.Treatment with striatin both in vitro and in vivo indicated that striatin enhanced cell proliferation.Wound-induced animal model treated with striatin showed significantly faster wound healing process,as confirmed by wound size and faster serum albumin level recovery.Although striatin does not contain albumin,this bioactive protein fraction may lead to enhanced albumin synthesis in the liver thereby maintaining the blood albumin level.Thus,consuming striatin is a better option to improve albumin levels in diseased condition and the condition of being injured.Conclusions:Striatin(DLBS0333) is a potential natural compound for accelerating wound healing in conditions such as post surgery and post partum,and increasing albumin level.展开更多
With the aim to find an absorbing liquid suitable for the gas cleaning system in the application of gasification unit in a remote area, three types of oil were tested using a bubble column and a wetted wall column. Ai...With the aim to find an absorbing liquid suitable for the gas cleaning system in the application of gasification unit in a remote area, three types of oil were tested using a bubble column and a wetted wall column. Air streams containing toluene vapour with flowrates of 13.6 mL-min1 or 27.6 mL.min^-1 were bubbled through a 50 mL static oil in a glass tube at a temperature of 30 ℃ or 60 ℃. In experiments using the wetted wall column, air streams containing toluene were contacted with a falling thin film ofoil on the outer wall of a column with a diameter of 6.4 cm and two different contacting heights of 60 cm or 80 cm. Toluene concentrations in the air stream were adjusted in the range of 700-3000 ppm corresponding to a typical tars concentration in the producer gas. The phase equilibrium of toluene was represented as values of 1/tl of 326, 220 and 182 respectively for lubrication oil, palm oil and sunflower oil （H is Henry＇s constant with the toluene concentrations in g.L^-1 for liquid phase and g.Nm^-3 for gas phase）. From experiments using the bubble column, it was found that the overall mass transfer coefficient （Kc, a） was in the order of 10.3 cm3-min^-1 and the overall liquid phase mass transfer coefficient （KLa）was about 10.3 cm3.min^-1. Although lubrication oil had a slightly better absorption capacity than the other two tested oils, it had a lower mass trasfer coefficient than that of palm oil. All three proposed oils had a much better absorption capacity and absorption rate than that of water used conventionally as a scrubbing liquid in a small biomass gasification plant.展开更多
基金supported by the Fundamental-Core National Project of the National Research Foundation(NRF)funded by the Ministry of Science and ICT,Republic of Korea with the grant number 2022R1F1A1072739.
文摘Despite the engineering potential by the co-existence of inorganic and organic substances to protect vulnerable metallic materials from corrosive environments,both their interaction and in-situ formation mechanism to induce the nature-inspired composite remained less understood.The present work used three distinctive mercaptobenzazole(MB)compounds working as corrosion inhibitors,such as 2-mercaptobenzoxazole(MBO),2-mercaptobenzothiazole(MBT),and 2-mercaptobenzimidazole(MBI)in a bid to understand how the geometrical structure arising from O,S,and N atoms affected the interaction toward inorganic layer.MB compounds that were used here to control the corrosion kinetics would be interacted readily with the pre-existing MgO layer fabricated by plasma electrolysis.This phenomenon triggered the nucleation of the root network since MB compounds were seen to be adsorbed actively on the defective surface through the active sites in MB compound.Then,the molecule with twin donor atoms adjacent to the mercapto-sites affected the facile growth of the grass-like structures with‘uniform’distribution via molecular self-assembly,which showed better corrosion performance than those with having dissimilar donor atoms with the inhibition efficiency(η)of 97%approximately.The formation mechanism underlying nucleation and growth behavior of MB molecule was discussed concerning the theoretical calculation of density functional theory.
文摘Sarcasm detection in text data is an increasingly vital area of research due to the prevalence of sarcastic content in online communication.This study addresses challenges associated with small datasets and class imbalances in sarcasm detection by employing comprehensive data pre-processing and Generative Adversial Network(GAN)based augmentation on diverse datasets,including iSarcasm,SemEval-18,and Ghosh.This research offers a novel pipeline for augmenting sarcasm data with Reverse Generative Adversarial Network(RGAN).The proposed RGAN method works by inverting labels between original and synthetic data during the training process.This inversion of labels provides feedback to the generator for generating high-quality data closely resembling the original distribution.Notably,the proposed RGAN model exhibits performance on par with standard GAN,showcasing its robust efficacy in augmenting text data.The exploration of various datasets highlights the nuanced impact of augmentation on model performance,with cautionary insights into maintaining a delicate balance between synthetic and original data.The methodological framework encompasses comprehensive data pre-processing and GAN-based augmentation,with a meticulous comparison against Natural Language Processing Augmentation(NLPAug)as an alternative augmentation technique.Overall,the F1-score of our proposed technique outperforms that of the synonym replacement augmentation technique using NLPAug.The increase in F1-score in experiments using RGAN ranged from 0.066%to 1.054%,and the use of standard GAN resulted in a 2.88%increase in F1-score.The proposed RGAN model outperformed the NLPAug method and demonstrated comparable performance to standard GAN,emphasizing its efficacy in text data augmentation.
文摘Background: Insufficient capacity for cardiac surgery results in extensive waiting time for patients requiring coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). Previous studies have reported a consequence of an increased risk of mortality while waiting for CABG. Identification of risk factors for mortality is important in patients waiting for CABG. Objectives: To assess mortality rates and identify risk factors for mortality of patients waiting for CABG. Methods: This retrospective cohort study was done on patients waiting for elective CABG in dr. Kariadi General Hospital from January 2018 to December 2020. Identification of risk factors associated with mortality was done on patients who were waiting for CABG using logistic regression methods. Results: There were 162 patients fulfilling the criteria, with a mean waiting time for surgery of 9.8 months. While waiting for CABG surgery, 32 (19.7%) patients died of any cause. Independent risk factors for death while waiting for CABG included left ventricular ejection fraction ≤ 45% (OR 4.75;95% CI 1.76 - 12.78;p = 0.002), left main disease (OR 4.12;95% CI 1.50 - 11.27;p = 0.006), serum creatinine ≥ 1.5 mg/dl (OR 3.71;95% CI 1.41 - 9.74;p = 0.008), and a number of coronary artery disease risk factors ≥ 3 (OR 3.34;95% CI 1.24 - 8.99;p = 0.017). Conclusions: Long waiting time for CABG is associated with a high mortality rate which is influenced by left ventricular ejection fraction ≤ 45%, left main disease, serum creatinine ≥ 1.5 mg/dl, and a number of coronary arteries disease risk factors ≥ 3.
文摘This study explored the novel strategy of hypoxic preconditioning of Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells (BM-MSCs) before intra vitreal transplantation to improve neuroprotective effects of Retinal Ganglion Cells (RGCs) in Acute Glaucoma Models. The methods of this research were isolated mesenchymal stem cells from the bone marrow of adult wild-type Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. BM-MSCs were cultured under normoxic or hypoxic (1% oxygen for 24 hours) conditions. Normoxic or hypoxic BM-MSCs were transplanted intravitreally 1 week after ocular hypertension induction by acutely increasing IOP to 100 - 120 mmHg for 60 minutes. Rats were killed 4 weeks after transplanted. Apoptosis was examined by tunnel assay and expression Brn3b (Brn3b = RGCs marker) by immunohistochemical analysis of the retina. Results showed that transplantation of hypoxic preconditioning BM-MSCs in acute glaucoma models resulted in a significant apoptosis decreasing (p < 0.05) and an significant increasing in RGCs (p < 0.05), as well as enhanced mor-phologic and functional benefits of stem cell therapy versus normoxic BM-MSCs transplantation. Conclusions: Hypoxic preconditioning enhances the capacity of BM-MSCs transplantation to improve neuroprotective effects of RGCs in Acute Glaucoma Models.
文摘Introduction: The immunity against cervical cancers is many unknown. Major histocompatability complex class I (MHC-I) with the alpha domain has binding site for Cytotoxic T cells (CD8+) to target cells. The objective of this experiment is to know the expression of CD8+ and MHC-I in cervical cancer with HPV infection. Method: DNA was isolated from seventeen sample cervical cancer tissues frozen section. Diagnose related with HPV was made by PCR. Paraffin block of the tissues was cut in thoroughly cleaned cryotome and place in glass plate that covered with poly-elysine. The immuno-histochemistry is done with monoclonal antibody again MHC-I and CD8+ with TSA-indirect method. The power of expression was counted the number of positive cells to express the MHC-I and CD8+ every 100 cells per one view look. Result: The Result of this experiment shows that expression of MHC-I and CD8+ in cervical cancer with HPV infection is in mild category (30% - 70%). Conclusion: Immunity against uterine cancer played by MHC-I and CD8+ is in milt category. The experiment that related with uterine cancer immunology is suggested.
文摘Introduction: Interleukin-2 (IL-2) is multiple which functions during an inflammatory response. Inflammation is a critical component of cancer progression. IL-10 is the most important cytokine with anti-inflammatory properties. Cancer patients typically show depression of both cellular and humoral immune functions. Aims: The objective of this experiment is to know the expression of IL-2 and IL-10 in cervical cancer. Method: Paraffin block of the tissues frozen section cervical cancer was cut in sharp and cleaned cryotome and place in glass plate that covered with poly-elysine. The immunohistochemistry stains were done with monoclonal antibody anti IL-2 and IL-10 with TSA-indirect method. The collected data were analyzed with T Test (SPSS for window 15). Result: In this study the expression of IL-2 (35.9% = moderate) is less than the expression of IL-10 (45.3% = moderate). From T Test analysis of p <= 0.153, it means that there is no significance in difference between IL-2 and IL-10. Conclusion: We indicated that the immune response plays a role in balance between cellular and humoral immunity.
文摘Introduction: As a chaperone, heat shock protein acts as central integrators of protein homeostasis in cell. The form of these functions is to help setting up a complex protein molecular fold (folded protein) in many important settings, such as growth, differentiation, and the ability to live. It has become clear that the control system plays an important role if the folding process fails or an error occurs, causing folding abnormalities and targeted functionality to accumulate. The accumulation of faulty protein folding would harm cells and can result in death. Apparently, there is a correlation between protein folding error with various diseases, such as diabetes mellitus and cancer. Method: We examined protein levels in all samples using Dotblott with monoclonal antibody anti-Hsp40 and anti-Hsp70. Levels of the protein content was read using a densitometer. Modification of Dot Blot was as follows: treatment was conducted with 3 × SSC, added with 20 mL blocking solution, add with total protein samples of 10 mg/ml on nitrocellulose paper, prehybridized, incubated at 70° for 30 seconds, incubated at 70° for 30 seconds with primary antibody anti-Hsp40 or Hsp70 protein and then added with second antibody HRP anti-Hsp40 or Hsp70 protein, treated with 3 × SSC and visualized with TSA HRP, and then administered with streptavidin, biothynil tyramide, and, finally, added with chromogen (DAB) in a confined space. Result: From the analysis of the data using Manova test with Wilk’s Lambda, there were significant differences in the levels of Hsp40 between Benign Oral Lesion (mean 688.31 area) and OSCC (mean 1354.59 area) patients (p 0.070), there was also a highly significant difference in Hsp70 levels between patients who experienced Benign Oral Lesion (mean 529.82 area) and OSCC (mean 1346.32 area) patients (p 0.006). Conclusion: OSCC patients have increased Hsp70 levels, so it is possible that something is going wrong in protein folding. Errors in protein folding result in a new homeostasis or inhibition of apoptosi
文摘Resistant starch type 3 (RS3) produced from high amylose food sources through retrogradation or enzymatic process is known to have physiological function as dietary fiber. Fermentation of RS3 by colonic microorganisms produced SCFA (acetate, propionate, and butyrate), maintained the health of colon, balance of gut microbiota, preventing inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) and colon cancer. RS3 in this study was produced from IR-42 and Inpari-16 broken rice by enzymatic treatment (combination of amylase-pullulanase). The Resistant Starch was fermented for 12 and 24 h by colonic microbiota (extracted from healthy human subject), Clostiridium butyricum BCC-B2571, or Eubacterium rectale DSM 17629. SCFA produced was analyzed by gas chromatography. Treatment by amylase-pullulanase combination was advantageous to increase their RS3 content. The result showed that after enzymatic process, the RS3 content of IR-42 (41.13%) was not significantly different (p 0.05) from that of Inpari-16 (37.70%). High concentration of acetate (82.5 mM) and propionate (7.5 mM) were produced by colonic microbiota after 12 h fermentation and best concentration of butyrate (6.8 mM) was produced by colonic microbiota after 24 h fermentation. It is clear that utilization of colonic microbiota rather than single strain was better in the production of SCFA.
文摘Introduction: The existence of receptor-mediated endocytosis (RME) means that selectivity and selectivity occurs in capturing macromolecules. Protein kinase C (PKC) which can be expressed by almost all cells are proteins important in signal transduction groove that plays a role in a number of cell activity, e.g. phagocytosis. Aims: The purpose of this study is to determine the expression of RME after modulating the PKC which is characterized by the number of Candida albicans cells attached to the surface of macrophages. Methods: Peritoneal macrophages cultured BALB/c mice are treated with PMA and/or bisindolylmaleimides of providing levels of 5 ng/ml to 100 ng/ml for 10 minutes. Then immediately insert Candida albicans and observe every 30 minutes for 120 minutes. The research design used the same subject. Data collected in the form of number of Candida albicans cells attached to the surface of macrophages are analyzed with ANOVA statistical test (one way) to show the differences between treatments. Results: The test shows statistically significant difference in the number of Candida albicans cells attached to the surface of macrophages after administration of various levels of PMA (p 0.001). The higher level of PMA is given, the more active the PKC is, the more RME are formed, the more Candida albicans cells attached to the surface of macrophages. Another result shows statistically significant difference in the number of Candida albicans cells attached to the surface of macrophages after administration of various levels of bisindolylmaleimides (p 0.001). The higher level of bisindolylmaleimide is given, the less active PKC is, and the less RME are formed, the less Candida albicans cells attached to the surface of macrophages. Conclusion: Research shows that activator PKC (PMA) can increase the expression of RME on macrophages. Another research shows that inhibitor PKC (bisindolylmaleimides) can decrease the expression of RME on macrophages.
基金Supported by The Ministry of Research & Technology Republic of Indonesia with grant No.499/J10.2/PL/2009
文摘Objective: To compare the level of glutathione(GSH) and oxidized glutathione(GSSG),the ratio of GSH/GSSG and the concentration of albumin in plasma of patients with complicated and un-complicated falciparum malaria.Methods: This research was a cross sectional study using comparison analysis with the plasma GSH and GSSG, the ratio of plasma GSH/GSSG and the concentration of plasma albumin as variables. The complicated malaria patients were obtained from Dr. Saiful Anwar Hospital Malang, whereas uncomplicated malaria patients were obtained from the Regency of Pleihari South Kalimantan. Plasma GSH and GSSG levels were determined by the spectrophotometer at the wave length of 412 nm, whereas the concentration of albumin was determined by bromocresol green method in the p H of 4.1.Results: There were no significant differences between the level of plasma GSH and GSSG in complicated and uncomplicated malaria patients, as well as the ratio of plasma GSH/GSSG in the two groups(P = 0.373; P = 0.538; and P = 0.615, respectively, independent ttest). In contrast, the plasma albumin concentration in complicated malaria patients were significantly higher than uncomplicated malaria patients(P = 0.000, Mann Whitney U test).Conclusions: It can be concluded that the average of plasma GSH and GSSG level, also plasma GSH/GSSG ratio in complicated malaria are not different from uncomplicated malaria. Although plasma concentration of albumin in both groups is below the normal range,there is an increase in complicated malaria that might be as compensation of oxidative stress.
文摘Now molecular epidemiology was meaningful. On the surface of the tumor, cells will express its antigen specific as a tumor cell (example: TSA, tumor specific antigen) and can induce cellular immune response. The result of interactions between group antigens with the immune system cells of the body will cause a rise in the expression of lymphocytes CD8+. The aim of this research is to find out differences in the number of lymphocytes CD8+ expression between benign and malignant tissues. This research is a laboratory experiment with the approach of cross sectional. Samples are taken from benign and malignant tissue biopsy of the breast and cervical uterine that were got from anatomical pathology laboratory, period January to February 2004. A technique using random sampling, is sample acquiring 30 benign cancer and 30 malignant of the breast or cervical uterine. To find out the significance of the difference in the number of lymphocytes CD8+ between benign and malignant of breast or cervical uterine, we used a statistical analysis Anova in SPSS for Windows 15.0 program. In this research the number of lymphocytes average in the benign cancer is 2.9667 cells (breast) and 4.2667 cells (cervical uterine), on the other side malignant tissue of 23.8000 cells (breast) and 25.0333 cells (cervical uterine). From the statistical analyses with Anova the number of lymphocytes CD8+ was very significant differences between benign and malignant of the breast or cervical uterine tissue (p < 0.001). The conclusion of this research is that there is a significant increase of the number of lymphocytes CD8+ expression in cancer tissue.
文摘Introduction: Now the molecular epidemiology is a new experience. It’s was noted that ninety percent of mouth cancers are squamous cell carcinomas and recorded 0.96% year of all cancers in Indonesia. Human papilloma virus (HPV) was implicated in pathogenesis of cancer. As a remark, that mutations of p53 and c-myc are found 50% in cancer. Objective: Aims of this research were to know the relationship between the mouth squamous cell carcinoma (MSCC) with HPV infection, the presence of p53, and c-myc genes mutation. Methods and Material: Tissue biopsy frozen sections from Benign Mouth Squamous Cell (BMSC) and MSCC patients were collected from Mouth and Dental Department of Muwardi District Hospital in Solo—Indonesia. To amplify L1-HPV gene for fixed the HPV etiology, amplified p53 and c-myc genes continued with SSCP analysis and followed with measurement using densitometer to see mutation existence. The collected data were analyzed with Chi Square Test. Results: None of the sample of patients with BMSC with positive HPV showed p53 gene mutation or c-myc gene. From eleven samples obtained from patients with MSCC who were positive HPV showed 18.2% had mutations in the p53 gene and 9.1% had mutations in c-myc gene. The chisquare test was shown to have significant differences between the MSCC with HPV infection and the presence of p53 and c-myc genes mutation. Conclusion: HPV is a risk ingredient for MSCC.
文摘Cell free supernatant containing short chain fatty acid (SCFA) resulted from fermentation of resistant starch type three (RS3) by Clostridium butyricum BCC B2571 or Eubacterium rectale DSM 17629 were investigated for their ability to inhibit proliferation and induce apoptosis of human colon cancer cell line HCT-116. HCT-116 was cultured in complete medium and after 50% confluent, incubation was continued for another 48 hours in the absence or presence cell free supernatant containing SCFA mixture at butyrate levels up to 10 mM. The study revealed that the proliferation inhibition effect was higher (>80%) on HCT-116 treated with supernatant of C. butyricum BCC B2571 than that (<70%) of HCT-116 treated with supernatant of E. rectale DSM 17629. The cells were induced to undergo apoptosis by both supernatant. The apoptosis occured through mitochondrial pathway by changing the expression of gene Bcl-2 and Bax, thus incresed the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio by more than 3.5 fold. The protein caspase-3 was increased by more than 250% in the presence of the cell free supernatant.
基金Supported by PT Dexa Medica(Grant No.101/BPT/DLBS/2015)
文摘Objective:To characterize proteins and other nutrients in striatin(DLBS0333),a bioactive protein fraction isolated from snakehead fish(Channa striata) and to investigate its wound healing activity.Methods:Proteins and other constituents in striatin were characterized by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis,two dimension electrophoresis,immunoblotting assay,spectroscopy and high performance liquid chromatography.The wound healing activity of striatin was studied in vitro using 3T3 fibroblast cells and in vivo using wound-induced animal model.Various parameters related to wound healing process were evaluated.Results:Striatin contained four major bioactive proteins with approximate molecular weight of 8.3,10.9,15.4 and 16.7 kDa.In addition to proteins,striatin also contained amino acids(10 essential and 7 non essential amino acids),fatty acids(palmitic acid,oleic acid,stearic acid,linoleic acid,arachidonic acid),vitamins(vitamin A,vitamin B_6)and other nutrients(carbohydrate,dietary fiber,biotin,choline,inositol,L-carnitine,selenium) which are potential for wound healing and increasing serum albumin level.Treatment with striatin both in vitro and in vivo indicated that striatin enhanced cell proliferation.Wound-induced animal model treated with striatin showed significantly faster wound healing process,as confirmed by wound size and faster serum albumin level recovery.Although striatin does not contain albumin,this bioactive protein fraction may lead to enhanced albumin synthesis in the liver thereby maintaining the blood albumin level.Thus,consuming striatin is a better option to improve albumin levels in diseased condition and the condition of being injured.Conclusions:Striatin(DLBS0333) is a potential natural compound for accelerating wound healing in conditions such as post surgery and post partum,and increasing albumin level.
文摘With the aim to find an absorbing liquid suitable for the gas cleaning system in the application of gasification unit in a remote area, three types of oil were tested using a bubble column and a wetted wall column. Air streams containing toluene vapour with flowrates of 13.6 mL-min1 or 27.6 mL.min^-1 were bubbled through a 50 mL static oil in a glass tube at a temperature of 30 ℃ or 60 ℃. In experiments using the wetted wall column, air streams containing toluene were contacted with a falling thin film ofoil on the outer wall of a column with a diameter of 6.4 cm and two different contacting heights of 60 cm or 80 cm. Toluene concentrations in the air stream were adjusted in the range of 700-3000 ppm corresponding to a typical tars concentration in the producer gas. The phase equilibrium of toluene was represented as values of 1/tl of 326, 220 and 182 respectively for lubrication oil, palm oil and sunflower oil （H is Henry＇s constant with the toluene concentrations in g.L^-1 for liquid phase and g.Nm^-3 for gas phase）. From experiments using the bubble column, it was found that the overall mass transfer coefficient （Kc, a） was in the order of 10.3 cm3-min^-1 and the overall liquid phase mass transfer coefficient （KLa）was about 10.3 cm3.min^-1. Although lubrication oil had a slightly better absorption capacity than the other two tested oils, it had a lower mass trasfer coefficient than that of palm oil. All three proposed oils had a much better absorption capacity and absorption rate than that of water used conventionally as a scrubbing liquid in a small biomass gasification plant.
