The joint European Space Agency and Chinese Academy of Sciences Solar wind Magnetosphere Ionosphere Link Explorer(SMILE)mission will explore global dynamics of the magnetosphere under varying solar wind and interplane...The joint European Space Agency and Chinese Academy of Sciences Solar wind Magnetosphere Ionosphere Link Explorer(SMILE)mission will explore global dynamics of the magnetosphere under varying solar wind and interplanetary magnetic field conditions,and simultaneously monitor the auroral response of the Northern Hemisphere ionosphere.Combining these large-scale responses with medium and fine-scale measurements at a variety of cadences by additional ground-based and space-based instruments will enable a much greater scientific impact beyond the original goals of the SMILE mission.Here,we describe current community efforts to prepare for SMILE,and the benefits and context various experiments that have explicitly expressed support for SMILE can offer.A dedicated group of international scientists representing many different experiment types and geographical locations,the Ground-based and Additional Science Working Group,is facilitating these efforts.Preparations include constructing an online SMILE Data Fusion Facility,the discussion of particular or special modes for experiments such as coherent and incoherent scatter radar,and the consideration of particular observing strategies and spacecraft conjunctions.We anticipate growing interest and community engagement with the SMILE mission,and we welcome novel ideas and insights from the solar-terrestrial community.展开更多
To determine whether pain has psycho-social associations in adult Crohn’s disease (CD) patients.METHODSPatients completed demographics, disease status, Patient Harvey-Bradshaw Index (P-HBI), Short Form Health Survey ...To determine whether pain has psycho-social associations in adult Crohn’s disease (CD) patients.METHODSPatients completed demographics, disease status, Patient Harvey-Bradshaw Index (P-HBI), Short Form Health Survey (SF-36), Short Inflammatory Bowel Disease Questionnaire (SIBDQ), and five socio-psychological questionnaires: Brief Symptom Inventory, Brief COPE Inventory, Family Assessment Device, Satisfaction with Life Scale, and Work Productivity and Activity Impairment Questionnaire. Pain sub-scales in P-HBI, SF-36 and SIBDQ measures were recoded into 4 identical scores for univariate and multinomial logistic regression analysis of associations with psycho-social variables.RESULTSThe cohort comprised 594 patients, mean age 38.6 ± 14.8 years, women 52.5%, P-HBI 5.76 ± 5.15. P-HBI, SF-36 and SIBDQ broadly agreed in their assessment of pain intensity. More severe pain was significantly associated with female gender, low socio-economic status, unemployment, Israeli birth and smoking. Higher pain scores correlated positively with psychological stress, dysfunctional coping strategies, poor family relationships, absenteeism, presenteeism, productivity loss and activity impairment and all WPAI sub-scores. Patients exhibiting greater satisfaction with life had less pain. The regression showed increasing odds ratios for psychological stress (lowest 2.26, highest 12.17) and female gender (highest 3.19) with increasing pain. Internet-recruited patients were sicker and differed from hardcopy questionnaire patients in their associations with pain.CONCLUSIONPain measures in P-HBI, SF-36 and SIBDQ correlate with psycho-social pathology in CD. Physicians should be aware also of these relationships in approaching CD patients with pain.展开更多
A few classes of organic compounds are promising electrode-active materials due to their high power and energy densities,low cost,environmental friendliness,and functionality.In the present work,the possibility of usi...A few classes of organic compounds are promising electrode-active materials due to their high power and energy densities,low cost,environmental friendliness,and functionality.In the present work,the possibility of using Klason lignin extracted from buckwheat husks as a cathode-active material for a primary lithium battery has been investigated for the first time.The reaction mechanism in the lithium/lignin electrochemical cell was suggested based on the deep galvanostatic discharge（up to 0.005 V） data and cyclic voltammetry results.The dependence of the electrochemical behavior of the Klason lignin on the milling degree was evaluated.The maximum specific capacity of the lignin is equal to 600 m Ah g-1at a discharge current density of 75 μA cm-2.Beneficial effect of the thermal treatment of the Klason lignin cathode at250°C on the cell performance was established.It was found that the discharge capacity of the cell increased by 30% in the range from 3.3 to0.9 V for the treated cathode material.These results demonstrate the prospects of using Klason lignin-based electrochemical cells as low-rate primary power sources.展开更多
The electrochemical behaviour of biodegradable magnesium alloy Mg-0.8Ca was evaluated in a mammalian cell culture medium(MEM)and Na Cl solutions(0.9 wt.%, 0.3 wt.%) using traditional(EIS, PDP, OCP) and local scanning ...The electrochemical behaviour of biodegradable magnesium alloy Mg-0.8Ca was evaluated in a mammalian cell culture medium(MEM)and Na Cl solutions(0.9 wt.%, 0.3 wt.%) using traditional(EIS, PDP, OCP) and local scanning electrochemical(SVET, SIET with p H-selective microelectrode) methods at the micro-and meso-level. Corrosion rates of samples in two different media were determined using weight loss tests. The influence of testing media components, alloy composition and microstructure on the material’s degradation process was determined.The SVET/SIET test parameters were optimized for in vitro investigation of the bioresorbable material surface. The mechanism of the alloy’s bioresorption was suggested. The effect of microsized phases on the corrosion behaviour of the alloy was proved using complementary in situ monitoring and SKPFM measurements. The rapid degradation rate of the alloy is related to the presence of local microgalvanic cells formed by cathodic α-magnesium matrix and anodic Mg_(2)Ca phase. The highest corrosion activity was revealed in the first 12 min of sample exposure to MEM, followed by stabilization of corrosion process due to the material’s passivation. Using SEM-EDX analysis, micro-Raman spectroscopy and XPS analysis the composition of the corrosion products was determined. Degradation in MEM proceeds with a formation of magnesium-and-carbonate substituted hydroxyapatite-containing film on the sample’s surface. The low possibility of application of Mg-0.8Ca alloy without coating protection in implant surgery was highlighted.展开更多
An overview of diagnostic tools e test limiters and collector probes e used over the years for material migration studies in the TEXTOR tokamak is presented.Probe transfer systems are shown and their technical capabil...An overview of diagnostic tools e test limiters and collector probes e used over the years for material migration studies in the TEXTOR tokamak is presented.Probe transfer systems are shown and their technical capabilities are described.This is accompanied by a brief pre-sentation of selected results and conclusions from the research on material erosion e deposition processes including tests of candidate materials(e.g.W,Mo,carbon-based composites)for plasma-facing components in controlled fusion devices.The use of tracer techniques and methods for analysis of materials retrieved from the tokamak are summarized.The impact of research on the reactor wall technology is addressed.展开更多
New metal complexes of N-benzyl-N-nitrosohy-droxylamine (BNHA) are isolated and characterized by elemental analysis, IR and UV-VIS spectroscopy. Spectrophotometric titration of aqueous solutions of BNHА by salts of s...New metal complexes of N-benzyl-N-nitrosohy-droxylamine (BNHA) are isolated and characterized by elemental analysis, IR and UV-VIS spectroscopy. Spectrophotometric titration of aqueous solutions of BNHА by salts of some transition metals allowed to calculate the composition and formation constants of the metal complexes. The crystal structure of Cu (BNHА)2 is studied by X-ray diffraction. The Cu atom is coordinated by four O atoms of two bidentate ligands, which close 5-membered chelate rings. The N-O (1.306 ? - 1.320 ?) and N-N (1.274?? and 1.275? ) bond lengths indicate that π electrons are delocalized over the chelating groups. Complexes form stacks with intermolecular Cu…N contacts equal to 3.118?? and 3.306 ?.展开更多
Background: To study the impact of preoperative ocular compression on bacterial contamination of the lid margin and conjunctival sac. Methods: This study evaluated 106 eyes from 106 patients undergoing cataract surger...Background: To study the impact of preoperative ocular compression on bacterial contamination of the lid margin and conjunctival sac. Methods: This study evaluated 106 eyes from 106 patients undergoing cataract surgery. Preoperatively, all of the patients received one drop of 0.5% levofloxacin eye drops 5 times per day for 4 days. The patients were divided into 2 groups after receiving retrobulbar anaesthesia. The study group (75 eyes) received 15 ± 2 minutes of ocular compression, and the control group (31 eyes) remained with their eyes closed for 15 ± 2 minutes without the application of ocular compression or digital massage. Following the device removal (study group only) and the opening of the eyes, bacterial cultures were taken from the lid margin and conjunctival sac. Results: The lid margin was positive for bacteria in 23 eyes (30.7%) in the study group vs. 3 eyes (9.7%) in the control group (P = 0.0223), and the conjunctival sac was positive for bacteria in 16 eyes (21.3%) in the study group vs. 5 eyes (16.1%) in the control group (P = 0.5409). Conclusion: Preoperative ocular compression is associated with the release of meibomian gland secretions and bacterial contamination of the eyelid edges.展开更多
基金supported by Royal Society grant DHFR1211068funded by UKSA+14 种基金STFCSTFC grant ST/M001083/1funded by STFC grant ST/W00089X/1supported by NERC grant NE/W003309/1(E3d)funded by NERC grant NE/V000748/1support from NERC grants NE/V015133/1,NE/R016038/1(BAS magnetometers),and grants NE/R01700X/1 and NE/R015848/1(EISCAT)supported by NERC grant NE/T000937/1NSFC grants 42174208 and 41821003supported by the Research Council of Norway grant 223252PRODEX arrangement 4000123238 from the European Space Agencysupport of the AUTUMN East-West magnetometer network by the Canadian Space Agencysupported by NASA’s Heliophysics U.S.Participating Investigator Programsupport from grant NSF AGS 2027210supported by grant Dnr:2020-00106 from the Swedish National Space Agencysupported by the German Research Foundation(DFG)under number KR 4375/2-1 within SPP"Dynamic Earth"。
文摘The joint European Space Agency and Chinese Academy of Sciences Solar wind Magnetosphere Ionosphere Link Explorer(SMILE)mission will explore global dynamics of the magnetosphere under varying solar wind and interplanetary magnetic field conditions,and simultaneously monitor the auroral response of the Northern Hemisphere ionosphere.Combining these large-scale responses with medium and fine-scale measurements at a variety of cadences by additional ground-based and space-based instruments will enable a much greater scientific impact beyond the original goals of the SMILE mission.Here,we describe current community efforts to prepare for SMILE,and the benefits and context various experiments that have explicitly expressed support for SMILE can offer.A dedicated group of international scientists representing many different experiment types and geographical locations,the Ground-based and Additional Science Working Group,is facilitating these efforts.Preparations include constructing an online SMILE Data Fusion Facility,the discussion of particular or special modes for experiments such as coherent and incoherent scatter radar,and the consideration of particular observing strategies and spacecraft conjunctions.We anticipate growing interest and community engagement with the SMILE mission,and we welcome novel ideas and insights from the solar-terrestrial community.
基金a generous grant from The Leona M.and Harry B.Helmsley Charitable Trust
文摘To determine whether pain has psycho-social associations in adult Crohn’s disease (CD) patients.METHODSPatients completed demographics, disease status, Patient Harvey-Bradshaw Index (P-HBI), Short Form Health Survey (SF-36), Short Inflammatory Bowel Disease Questionnaire (SIBDQ), and five socio-psychological questionnaires: Brief Symptom Inventory, Brief COPE Inventory, Family Assessment Device, Satisfaction with Life Scale, and Work Productivity and Activity Impairment Questionnaire. Pain sub-scales in P-HBI, SF-36 and SIBDQ measures were recoded into 4 identical scores for univariate and multinomial logistic regression analysis of associations with psycho-social variables.RESULTSThe cohort comprised 594 patients, mean age 38.6 ± 14.8 years, women 52.5%, P-HBI 5.76 ± 5.15. P-HBI, SF-36 and SIBDQ broadly agreed in their assessment of pain intensity. More severe pain was significantly associated with female gender, low socio-economic status, unemployment, Israeli birth and smoking. Higher pain scores correlated positively with psychological stress, dysfunctional coping strategies, poor family relationships, absenteeism, presenteeism, productivity loss and activity impairment and all WPAI sub-scores. Patients exhibiting greater satisfaction with life had less pain. The regression showed increasing odds ratios for psychological stress (lowest 2.26, highest 12.17) and female gender (highest 3.19) with increasing pain. Internet-recruited patients were sicker and differed from hardcopy questionnaire patients in their associations with pain.CONCLUSIONPain measures in P-HBI, SF-36 and SIBDQ correlate with psycho-social pathology in CD. Physicians should be aware also of these relationships in approaching CD patients with pain.
基金supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (14-29-04072)supported by a research grant from the President of the Russian Federation for young scientists and graduate students (CP-2593.2013.1)
文摘A few classes of organic compounds are promising electrode-active materials due to their high power and energy densities,low cost,environmental friendliness,and functionality.In the present work,the possibility of using Klason lignin extracted from buckwheat husks as a cathode-active material for a primary lithium battery has been investigated for the first time.The reaction mechanism in the lithium/lignin electrochemical cell was suggested based on the deep galvanostatic discharge（up to 0.005 V） data and cyclic voltammetry results.The dependence of the electrochemical behavior of the Klason lignin on the milling degree was evaluated.The maximum specific capacity of the lignin is equal to 600 m Ah g-1at a discharge current density of 75 μA cm-2.Beneficial effect of the thermal treatment of the Klason lignin cathode at250°C on the cell performance was established.It was found that the discharge capacity of the cell increased by 30% in the range from 3.3 to0.9 V for the treated cathode material.These results demonstrate the prospects of using Klason lignin-based electrochemical cells as low-rate primary power sources.
基金the Grant of Russian Science Foundation,Russia(project no.20–13–00130,https://rscf.ru/en/project/20–13–00130/)the Grant of Russian Science Foundation,Russia(project no.21–73–10148,https://rscf.ru/en/project/21–73–10148/)the government assignments from the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation,Russia(project no.0205–2021–0003)。
文摘The electrochemical behaviour of biodegradable magnesium alloy Mg-0.8Ca was evaluated in a mammalian cell culture medium(MEM)and Na Cl solutions(0.9 wt.%, 0.3 wt.%) using traditional(EIS, PDP, OCP) and local scanning electrochemical(SVET, SIET with p H-selective microelectrode) methods at the micro-and meso-level. Corrosion rates of samples in two different media were determined using weight loss tests. The influence of testing media components, alloy composition and microstructure on the material’s degradation process was determined.The SVET/SIET test parameters were optimized for in vitro investigation of the bioresorbable material surface. The mechanism of the alloy’s bioresorption was suggested. The effect of microsized phases on the corrosion behaviour of the alloy was proved using complementary in situ monitoring and SKPFM measurements. The rapid degradation rate of the alloy is related to the presence of local microgalvanic cells formed by cathodic α-magnesium matrix and anodic Mg_(2)Ca phase. The highest corrosion activity was revealed in the first 12 min of sample exposure to MEM, followed by stabilization of corrosion process due to the material’s passivation. Using SEM-EDX analysis, micro-Raman spectroscopy and XPS analysis the composition of the corrosion products was determined. Degradation in MEM proceeds with a formation of magnesium-and-carbonate substituted hydroxyapatite-containing film on the sample’s surface. The low possibility of application of Mg-0.8Ca alloy without coating protection in implant surgery was highlighted.
文摘An overview of diagnostic tools e test limiters and collector probes e used over the years for material migration studies in the TEXTOR tokamak is presented.Probe transfer systems are shown and their technical capabilities are described.This is accompanied by a brief pre-sentation of selected results and conclusions from the research on material erosion e deposition processes including tests of candidate materials(e.g.W,Mo,carbon-based composites)for plasma-facing components in controlled fusion devices.The use of tracer techniques and methods for analysis of materials retrieved from the tokamak are summarized.The impact of research on the reactor wall technology is addressed.
文摘New metal complexes of N-benzyl-N-nitrosohy-droxylamine (BNHA) are isolated and characterized by elemental analysis, IR and UV-VIS spectroscopy. Spectrophotometric titration of aqueous solutions of BNHА by salts of some transition metals allowed to calculate the composition and formation constants of the metal complexes. The crystal structure of Cu (BNHА)2 is studied by X-ray diffraction. The Cu atom is coordinated by four O atoms of two bidentate ligands, which close 5-membered chelate rings. The N-O (1.306 ? - 1.320 ?) and N-N (1.274?? and 1.275? ) bond lengths indicate that π electrons are delocalized over the chelating groups. Complexes form stacks with intermolecular Cu…N contacts equal to 3.118?? and 3.306 ?.
文摘Background: To study the impact of preoperative ocular compression on bacterial contamination of the lid margin and conjunctival sac. Methods: This study evaluated 106 eyes from 106 patients undergoing cataract surgery. Preoperatively, all of the patients received one drop of 0.5% levofloxacin eye drops 5 times per day for 4 days. The patients were divided into 2 groups after receiving retrobulbar anaesthesia. The study group (75 eyes) received 15 ± 2 minutes of ocular compression, and the control group (31 eyes) remained with their eyes closed for 15 ± 2 minutes without the application of ocular compression or digital massage. Following the device removal (study group only) and the opening of the eyes, bacterial cultures were taken from the lid margin and conjunctival sac. Results: The lid margin was positive for bacteria in 23 eyes (30.7%) in the study group vs. 3 eyes (9.7%) in the control group (P = 0.0223), and the conjunctival sac was positive for bacteria in 16 eyes (21.3%) in the study group vs. 5 eyes (16.1%) in the control group (P = 0.5409). Conclusion: Preoperative ocular compression is associated with the release of meibomian gland secretions and bacterial contamination of the eyelid edges.
