BACKGROUND The connection between inflammatory bowel disease(IBD)and colorectal cancer(CRC)is well-established,as persistent intestinal inflammation plays a substantial role in both disorders.Cytokines may further inf...BACKGROUND The connection between inflammatory bowel disease(IBD)and colorectal cancer(CRC)is well-established,as persistent intestinal inflammation plays a substantial role in both disorders.Cytokines may further influence the inflammation and the carcinogenesis process.AIM To compare cytokine patterns of active IBD patients with early and advanced CRC.METHODS Choosing a panel of cytokines crucial for Th17/Treg differentiation and behavior,in colon specimens,as mRNA biomarkers,and their serum protein levels.RESULTS We found a significant difference between higher gene expression of FoxP3,TGFb1,IL-10,and IL-23,and approximately equal level of IL-6 in CRC patients in comparison with IBD patients.After stratification of CRC patients,we found a significant difference in FoxP3,IL-10,IL-23,and IL-17A mRNA in early cases compared to IBD,and IL-23 alone in advanced CRC.The protein levels of the cytokines were significantly higher in CRC patients compared to IBD patients.CONCLUSION Our findings showed that IL-6 upregulation is essential for both IBD and CRC development until the upregulation of other Th17/Treg related genes(TGFb1,IL-10,IL-23,and transcription factor FoxP3)is a crucial primarily for CRC development.The significantly upregulated IL-6 could be a potential drug target for IBD and prevention of CRC development as well.展开更多
A previously developed model of a 2-dimensional air flow with constant horizontal shear is used to estimeate the accuracy of the geostrophic momentum approximation by comparison of exact solutions when exist with app... A previously developed model of a 2-dimensional air flow with constant horizontal shear is used to estimeate the accuracy of the geostrophic momentum approximation by comparison of exact solutions when exist with approximate ones.展开更多
The effect of the addition of small amounts of rare earths （Ln=La, Ce, Nd and Gd） to alumina supported copper-cobalt spinel oxide on the catalysts efficiency in CO and CH4 oxidation and in NO decomposition was inves...The effect of the addition of small amounts of rare earths （Ln=La, Ce, Nd and Gd） to alumina supported copper-cobalt spinel oxide on the catalysts efficiency in CO and CH4 oxidation and in NO decomposition was investigated. Samples of Ln/CuCo/AI catalyst were prepared and characterized by X-ray diffraction （XRD）, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy （XPS）, atomic absorption spectroscopy （AAS）, scanning electron mieroscopy-energy dispersive spectroscopy （SEM-EDS）, H2-temperature-programmed reduc- tion （H2-TPR）, electron paramagnetic resonanee （EPR） spectroscopy and low temperature nitrogen adsorption, The results showed that the addition of rare earths changed the surface state of the alumina supported copper-cobalt spinel catalyst. As a result, partial re- duction of copper species was observed as well as migration of these species between the surface and the bulk. The Ln/CuCo/A1 catalysts behaved differently in oxidation and reduction processes. In oxidation processes where oxide structure was important, Ce/CuCo/A1 and Nd/CuCo/A1 were the most active catalysts. The catalyst Ce/CuCo/AI was the most active in the oxidation reactions because of the availability and favorable surface distribution of the redox couples Cu＋/Cu2＋ and Ce3＋/Ce4＋. In NO decompostion, Ln-modified catalysts significantly improved the selectivity of the process to N2.展开更多
This article examines some general atmospheric circulation and climate models in the context of the notion of “memory”. Two kinds of memories are defined： statistical memory and deterministic memory. The former is ...This article examines some general atmospheric circulation and climate models in the context of the notion of “memory”. Two kinds of memories are defined： statistical memory and deterministic memory. The former is defined through the autocorrelation characteristic of the process if it is random （chaotic）, while for the latter, a special memory function is introduced. Three of the numerous existing models are selected as examples. For each of the models, asymptotic （at t →∞） expressions are derived. In this way, the transients are filtered out and that which remains concerns the final behaviour of the models.展开更多
基金Supported by the Medical University of Sofia,No.22.2012-2013Trakia University of Stara Zagora,No.1.2016 and No.2.2017.
文摘BACKGROUND The connection between inflammatory bowel disease(IBD)and colorectal cancer(CRC)is well-established,as persistent intestinal inflammation plays a substantial role in both disorders.Cytokines may further influence the inflammation and the carcinogenesis process.AIM To compare cytokine patterns of active IBD patients with early and advanced CRC.METHODS Choosing a panel of cytokines crucial for Th17/Treg differentiation and behavior,in colon specimens,as mRNA biomarkers,and their serum protein levels.RESULTS We found a significant difference between higher gene expression of FoxP3,TGFb1,IL-10,and IL-23,and approximately equal level of IL-6 in CRC patients in comparison with IBD patients.After stratification of CRC patients,we found a significant difference in FoxP3,IL-10,IL-23,and IL-17A mRNA in early cases compared to IBD,and IL-23 alone in advanced CRC.The protein levels of the cytokines were significantly higher in CRC patients compared to IBD patients.CONCLUSION Our findings showed that IL-6 upregulation is essential for both IBD and CRC development until the upregulation of other Th17/Treg related genes(TGFb1,IL-10,IL-23,and transcription factor FoxP3)is a crucial primarily for CRC development.The significantly upregulated IL-6 could be a potential drug target for IBD and prevention of CRC development as well.
文摘 A previously developed model of a 2-dimensional air flow with constant horizontal shear is used to estimeate the accuracy of the geostrophic momentum approximation by comparison of exact solutions when exist with approximate ones.
基金Project supported by the European Social Fund(ESF)(BG051PO001-3.3.06-0050)
文摘The effect of the addition of small amounts of rare earths （Ln=La, Ce, Nd and Gd） to alumina supported copper-cobalt spinel oxide on the catalysts efficiency in CO and CH4 oxidation and in NO decomposition was investigated. Samples of Ln/CuCo/AI catalyst were prepared and characterized by X-ray diffraction （XRD）, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy （XPS）, atomic absorption spectroscopy （AAS）, scanning electron mieroscopy-energy dispersive spectroscopy （SEM-EDS）, H2-temperature-programmed reduc- tion （H2-TPR）, electron paramagnetic resonanee （EPR） spectroscopy and low temperature nitrogen adsorption, The results showed that the addition of rare earths changed the surface state of the alumina supported copper-cobalt spinel catalyst. As a result, partial re- duction of copper species was observed as well as migration of these species between the surface and the bulk. The Ln/CuCo/A1 catalysts behaved differently in oxidation and reduction processes. In oxidation processes where oxide structure was important, Ce/CuCo/A1 and Nd/CuCo/A1 were the most active catalysts. The catalyst Ce/CuCo/AI was the most active in the oxidation reactions because of the availability and favorable surface distribution of the redox couples Cu＋/Cu2＋ and Ce3＋/Ce4＋. In NO decompostion, Ln-modified catalysts significantly improved the selectivity of the process to N2.
文摘This article examines some general atmospheric circulation and climate models in the context of the notion of “memory”. Two kinds of memories are defined： statistical memory and deterministic memory. The former is defined through the autocorrelation characteristic of the process if it is random （chaotic）, while for the latter, a special memory function is introduced. Three of the numerous existing models are selected as examples. For each of the models, asymptotic （at t →∞） expressions are derived. In this way, the transients are filtered out and that which remains concerns the final behaviour of the models.
