BACKGROUND Mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs)are a type of stem cells that possess relevant regenerative abilities and can be used to treat many chronic diseases.Diabetes mellitus(DM)is a frequently diagnosed chronic diseas...BACKGROUND Mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs)are a type of stem cells that possess relevant regenerative abilities and can be used to treat many chronic diseases.Diabetes mellitus(DM)is a frequently diagnosed chronic disease characterized by hyperglycemia which initiates many multisystem complications in the long-run.DM patients can benefit from MSCs transplantation to curb down the pathological consequences associated with hyperglycemia persistence and restore the function of damaged tissues.MSCs therapeutic outcomes are found to last for short period of time and ultimately these regenerative cells are eradicated and died in DM disease model.AIM To investigate the impact of high glucose or hyperglycemia on the cellular and molecular characteristics of MSCs.METHODS Human adipose tissue-derived MSCs(hAD-MSCs)were seeded in low(5.6 mmol/L of glucose)and high glucose(25 mmol/L of glucose)for 7 d.Cytotoxicity,viability,mitochondrial dynamics,and apoptosis were deplored using specific kits.Western blotting was performed to measure the protein expression of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase(PI3K),TSC1,and mammalian target of rapamycin(mTOR)in these cells.RESULTS hAD-MSCs cultured in high glucose for 7 d demonstrated marked decrease in their viability,as shown by a significant increase in lactate dehydrogenase(P<0.01)and a significant decrease in Trypan blue(P<0.05)in these cells compared to low glucose control.Mitochondrial membrane potential,indicated by tetramethylrhodamine ethyl ester(TMRE)fluorescence intensity,and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide(NAD+)/NADH ratio were significantly dropped(P<0.05 for TMRE and P<0.01 for NAD+/NADH)in high glucose exposed hAD-MSCs,indicating disturbed mitochondrial function.PI3K protein expression significantly decreased in high glucose culture MSCs(P<0.05 compared to low glucose)and it was coupled with significant upregulation in TSC1(P<0.05)and downregulation in mTOR protein expression(P<0.05).Mitochondrial complexes I,IV,and V were downregulated profoundly in high glucose(P<0.05 compared 展开更多
Ammonium salts, （NH4）6HPMo11MO40 （M = Ni, Co, Fe）, have been investigated for the oxidation of propane, with molecular oxygen, at temperature ranging between 380 ℃ and 420 ℃ after in-situ pre-treatment performed...Ammonium salts, （NH4）6HPMo11MO40 （M = Ni, Co, Fe）, have been investigated for the oxidation of propane, with molecular oxygen, at temperature ranging between 380 ℃ and 420 ℃ after in-situ pre-treatment performed at two heating rate of 5 or 9 ℃/min. They were characterized by BET method, XRD, 31p NMR, UV-Vis and IR techniques. The catalysts were found active in the propane oxidation and selective to propene or acrolein, in particular for samples pre-treated with the heating rate of 9 ℃/min.展开更多
Amine-based absorption/stripping is one of the promising technology for CO2 capture from natural and industrial gas streams.During the process,amines and CO2 undergo irreversible reactions to produce undesired compoun...Amine-based absorption/stripping is one of the promising technology for CO2 capture from natural and industrial gas streams.During the process,amines and CO2 undergo irreversible reactions to produce undesired compounds,which cause corrosion,foaming,increased viscosity and breakdown of equipment,ultimately contributing to the economic loss and environmental pollution.In this study,the thermal degradation of aqueous diethanolamine in the presence and absence of dissolved CO2 was investigated.The experiments were performed in stainless steel cylinders.The results show that thermal degradation in the absence of CO2 was a slow process;triethanolamine,and tris(2-aminoethyl)amine were only the degradation products identified in the mixture In addition,the rate of degradation was very low,only 3%degradation was observed after 4 weeks.But in the presence of CO2,sixteen degradation products were identified,nine of which were new degradation products reported for the first time in this study.The 3-(2-hydroxyethyl)-2-oxazolidinone,1,4-bis(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazine and triethanolamine were the most abundant degradation products.The remaining DEA concentration after 4 weeks was about 20%of the total amine concentration.The most probable degradation reactions and their mechanisms are also proposed.展开更多
Mixed ammonium-transition metal salts with formula of （NH4）xMyHzPMo12O40 （M = Ni^2＋, Co^2＋ or Fe ^3＋） denoted as MPMo12 have been investigated for the oxidation of propane, with molecular oxygen, at temperature...Mixed ammonium-transition metal salts with formula of （NH4）xMyHzPMo12O40 （M = Ni^2＋, Co^2＋ or Fe ^3＋） denoted as MPMo12 have been investigated for the oxidation of propane, with molecular oxygen, at temperature range between 380 ℃ and 420 ℃ after in-situ pre-treatment performed at two heating rate of 5 or 9℃/min. They were characterized by BET method, XRD, UV-Vis and IR techniques. The catalysts were found to be active in the propane oxidation and selective to propene or acrolein, in particular for samples pre-treated with the heating rate of 9℃/min. FePMo12 was found to be a more active catalyst for propene （17.2% yield） with minimal over deep oxidation （0.3% yield in COx）.展开更多
Objective:To investigate the antioxidant and the antibacterial activities of crude extract from aerial part of Polygonum maritimumL.(Polygonaceae)(P.maritimum)and to find new actives biomolecules.Methods:The whole pla...Objective:To investigate the antioxidant and the antibacterial activities of crude extract from aerial part of Polygonum maritimumL.(Polygonaceae)(P.maritimum)and to find new actives biomolecules.Methods:The whole plant was collected from the Rechgoune coast(West of Algeria),and methanolic crude extract of aerial parts ofP.maritimum(PMCE)was prepared.The extract was tested against different bacterial strain and tested for his ability to neutralize free radical(DPPH)and to scavenge the H2O2.Results:PMCE had a very high content of total phenol,which was(352.49依18.03)mg/g dry weight,expressed as gallic acid equivalent.PMCE exhibited excellent antioxidant activity,as measured using DPPH and H2O2 scavenging assays.It also showed a high antibacterial activity against gram-positive bacterial strains:Bacillus cereus,Bacillus subtilisandStaphylococcus aureus with an highest MIC of 120μg/mL.Conclusions:The antioxidant and antibacterial activity of the PMCE is probably due to phenolic compounds present in the extract.The contemporary presence of antioxidant and antibacterialactivities in the PMCE suggests that this plant may be a source of bioactive substances with multifaceted activity.展开更多
A mechanistic model is developed to investigate the influence of an activator on the corrosion rate of carbon steel in the absorption processes of carbon dioxide(CO2).Piperazine(PZ)is used as the activator in diethano...A mechanistic model is developed to investigate the influence of an activator on the corrosion rate of carbon steel in the absorption processes of carbon dioxide(CO2).Piperazine(PZ)is used as the activator in diethanolamine(DEA)aqueous solutions.The developed model for corrosion takes into consideration the effect of fluid flow,transfer of charge and diffusion of oxidizing agents and operating parameters like temperature,activator concentration,CO2 loading and pH.The study consists of two major models:Vapor–liquid Equilibrium(VLE)model and electrochemical corrosion model.The electrolyte-NRTL equilibrium model was used for determination of concentration of chemical species in the bulk solution.The results of speciation were subsequently used for producing polarization curves and predicting the rate of corrosion occurring at the surface of metal.An increase in concentration of activator,increases the rate of corrosion of carbon steel in mixtures of activated DEA.展开更多
Effective prediction of pavement performance is essential for transportation agencies to appropriately strategize maintenance, rehabilitation, and reconstruction of roads. One of the primary performance indicators is ...Effective prediction of pavement performance is essential for transportation agencies to appropriately strategize maintenance, rehabilitation, and reconstruction of roads. One of the primary performance indicators is the international roughness index （IRI） which rep- resents the pavement roughness. Correlating the pavement roughness to other perfor- mance measures has been under continuous development in the past decade. However, the drawback of existing correlations is that most of them are not practical yet reliable for prediction of roughness. In this study a novel approach was developed to predict the IRI, utilizing two data sets extracted from long term pavement performance （LTPP） database. The proposed methodology included the application of a hybrid technique which combines the gene expression programming （GEP） and artificial neural network （ANN）. The developed algorithm showed reasonable performance for prediction of IRI using traffic parameters and structural properties of pavement. Furthermore, estimation of present IRI from his- torical data was evaluated through another set of LTPP data. The second prediction model also depicted a reasonable performance power. Further extension of the proposed models including different pavement types, traffic and environmental conditions would be desir- ab]e in future studies.展开更多
The current study aims to explain the fundamentals of religious pluralism in Wittgenstein later philosophy and Gadamer philosophical hermeneutics,specifically regarding culture.It,then,proposes the approach more suita...The current study aims to explain the fundamentals of religious pluralism in Wittgenstein later philosophy and Gadamer philosophical hermeneutics,specifically regarding culture.It,then,proposes the approach more suitable for the Islamic context.Having fulfilled such an objective,pluralism,concerning religious rituals,becomes accepted and cultural and religious interaction is realized without any relativism conclusion.Wittgenstein’s pluralism results in pure relativism.That is to say,in order to understand the rules of the language game and life style he mentions,one needs to be placed inside.However,it is a dialectical model that Gadamer philosophical hermeneutics leads to.Dialogue gives opportunity to cultural interaction and convergence,developing the religious culture.The latter is of more proximity to Islamic resources such as the Quran,proposing a religious culture transcending cultural,historical,and social limitations.All in all,the two significant features of Gadamer’s which Wittgenstein ignores are first,the interaction of religious pluralism encouraging the development of religious culture and second,reciprocal relation between culture and religion based on hermeneutics circle.展开更多
The north-south trending Kullu valley between Rohtang in the north and Hansu in the south is a wide and open valley filled with Quaternary sediments along the main eourse of the Beas River. The valley in the middle is...The north-south trending Kullu valley between Rohtang in the north and Hansu in the south is a wide and open valley filled with Quaternary sediments along the main eourse of the Beas River. The valley in the middle is drained by the Beas River and numerous tributaries join it laterally. The tributary ehannels have deposited large alluvial fans at their mouths whieh form three distinct levels. The Beas River has deposited alluvial terraees, whieh are very distinct towards the lower reaehes and form three to four levels. The upper slopes and high altitudinal areas are eovered with periglaeial and glaeial deposits. The terraee, fan and hill slopes have provided an ideal geoenvironment for human aetivities inehiding agrieulture, hortieulture, dense settlements and other eivil establishments. The Kulhi Valley is prone to various natural hazards, flash floods and eloudbursts that are very eommon in this valley due to its peeuliar geomorphie eonclifton, high relief of peripheral ridges and impact of monsoon winds. The studies carried out so far indicate that the losses caused by these phenomena both in terms of life and property are mainly due to unwise human interaction with the geoenvironment of the area. The paper gives an overview of the geoenvironmental status of the Kulhi Valley and suggests the necessity of undertaking further detailed studies ineluding resouree mapping for balaneed development of the area.展开更多
Pollen morphology & pollen fertility estimation of three medicinal species belonging to genus Hypericum L. from flora of Kaghan valley, Northern Pakistan was investigated by light and scanning electron microscopy ...Pollen morphology & pollen fertility estimation of three medicinal species belonging to genus Hypericum L. from flora of Kaghan valley, Northern Pakistan was investigated by light and scanning electron microscopy for the first time. The species are Hypericum elodeoides Choisy in, Hypericum oblongifolium Choisy, and Hypericum perforatum L. Pollen morphological characteristics with considerable variation are provided for these taxa. Among the studied taxa, the pollen grains were 3-4 colporate type and the largest pollen size was found in H. oblongifolium in polar view 23.0 μm and in equatorial view was 25.35 μm. The smallest pollen was of H. elodeoides in polar view which was 19.91 μm and in equatorial view was observed 12.53 μm in H. perforatum. The shape of the all pollen grain was circular to semi-angular in polar view, however in equatorial view the shape of the grains was oblate-spheroidal, in H. elodeoides, and H. oblongifolium while prolate in H. perforatum. Exine sculpturing was observed by scanning electron microscopy which showed foveolate sculpturing in H. elodeoides, reticulate in H. oblongifolium and scabrate in H. perforatum. Pollen fertility estimation ranged from 82.66% to 90.90% which shows that flora of selected species is well established.展开更多
Compression movements generated by continental collision apart from leading to uplift of the intervening ocean sediments brings about closure of the oceanic body in a phased manner.In the culminating phase of uplift w...Compression movements generated by continental collision apart from leading to uplift of the intervening ocean sediments brings about closure of the oceanic body in a phased manner.In the culminating phase of uplift when ocean sediments assume the form of a gigantic mountain system, a number of depressions or closed basins of various dimensions are developed in the orogenic belt. These depressions are principally developed by the differential folding of rocks coupled with faulting and thrusting associated with the uplift process.The mountain drainage gets impounded in these depressions and gives rise to the formation of lakes..During cold climate the depressions are also developed by glacial abrasion wh ich are subsequently filled by snowmelt to form the lakes of various dimensions.Himalaya is dotted with a number of lakes of both tectonic and glacial origin and signify the crown stage of tectonic development of the World’s tallest and youngest mountain belt.A number of lake basins have developed in the various longitudinal belts of this mountain system. Several lake basins like Tso Morari, Pangong Tso and Tso Kar have developed in close proximity of the Indus Suture zone (ISZ),the tectonic belt which marks the zone of continental collision between India and Asia.These lakes by virtue of their location, size, sediment content, water chemistry and associated geomorphic features are the potential source of information in regard to climo\|tectonic changes witnessed by Himalaya\|Tibet region in late Cenozoic period. The paper attempts at elucidating these changes that have occurred in Ladakh Trans Himalaya citing the illustration of the Tso Kar lake.展开更多
In a rapidly urbanizing world, the social, economic, and ecological complexities of cities require conceptual and operational innovations to enhance climate resilience and sustainability. We describe our Integrative C...In a rapidly urbanizing world, the social, economic, and ecological complexities of cities require conceptual and operational innovations to enhance climate resilience and sustainability. We describe our Integrative Collaborative Project (ICP) approach to co-create climate resilience in the Mexico-Lerma-Cutzamala Hydrological Region (MLCHR). In recent years, it has suffered from frequent natural disasters, and under climate change scenarios, the intensity and frequency of extreme events, including severe floods, droughts, heat waves and landslides are expected to increase. ICPs are framed as socio-technical capacity building enterprises, with networks operating at multiple scales. The approach differs from other integrative efforts, which tend to be top-down with scant civil society co-ownership, and focus on limited aspects like indicators/assessment, or institutional capacity building. We reimagine all operational stages, from creative thinking, through ethos and concept, assessment, planning, project design, implementation and management, and monitoring and evaluation. The design of ICPs is informed by six integrative domains: 1) project ethos, concept, and framing;2) sectors, topics, and issues;3) spatial and temporal scales;4) stakeholder interests, relationships and capacities;5) knowledge types, models and methods;and 6) socio-technical capacities and networks. Empirically, the approach is based on participatory development practices, pilot project work tackling sustainable water and sanitation in Mexico, and a synthesis of rich experiential knowledge spanning 20 years. The theoretical basis considers a pragmatic knowledge frame, socio-technical transitions literature, and education for social transformation. We describe forward-looking operational details of the Pilot ICP for the Mexico-Lerma-Cutzamala Hydrological Region, with our three-university partnership as catalyst, and a new breed of socio-technical enterprise organization as a key partner, engaging stakeholders at municipal and regional scales.展开更多
文摘BACKGROUND Mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs)are a type of stem cells that possess relevant regenerative abilities and can be used to treat many chronic diseases.Diabetes mellitus(DM)is a frequently diagnosed chronic disease characterized by hyperglycemia which initiates many multisystem complications in the long-run.DM patients can benefit from MSCs transplantation to curb down the pathological consequences associated with hyperglycemia persistence and restore the function of damaged tissues.MSCs therapeutic outcomes are found to last for short period of time and ultimately these regenerative cells are eradicated and died in DM disease model.AIM To investigate the impact of high glucose or hyperglycemia on the cellular and molecular characteristics of MSCs.METHODS Human adipose tissue-derived MSCs(hAD-MSCs)were seeded in low(5.6 mmol/L of glucose)and high glucose(25 mmol/L of glucose)for 7 d.Cytotoxicity,viability,mitochondrial dynamics,and apoptosis were deplored using specific kits.Western blotting was performed to measure the protein expression of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase(PI3K),TSC1,and mammalian target of rapamycin(mTOR)in these cells.RESULTS hAD-MSCs cultured in high glucose for 7 d demonstrated marked decrease in their viability,as shown by a significant increase in lactate dehydrogenase(P<0.01)and a significant decrease in Trypan blue(P<0.05)in these cells compared to low glucose control.Mitochondrial membrane potential,indicated by tetramethylrhodamine ethyl ester(TMRE)fluorescence intensity,and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide(NAD+)/NADH ratio were significantly dropped(P<0.05 for TMRE and P<0.01 for NAD+/NADH)in high glucose exposed hAD-MSCs,indicating disturbed mitochondrial function.PI3K protein expression significantly decreased in high glucose culture MSCs(P<0.05 compared to low glucose)and it was coupled with significant upregulation in TSC1(P<0.05)and downregulation in mTOR protein expression(P<0.05).Mitochondrial complexes I,IV,and V were downregulated profoundly in high glucose(P<0.05 compared
文摘Ammonium salts, （NH4）6HPMo11MO40 （M = Ni, Co, Fe）, have been investigated for the oxidation of propane, with molecular oxygen, at temperature ranging between 380 ℃ and 420 ℃ after in-situ pre-treatment performed at two heating rate of 5 or 9 ℃/min. They were characterized by BET method, XRD, 31p NMR, UV-Vis and IR techniques. The catalysts were found active in the propane oxidation and selective to propene or acrolein, in particular for samples pre-treated with the heating rate of 9 ℃/min.
基金Supported by the University of Malaya Research Grant(RP038C15HTM,RP020C-14AFR,RP031B-15AFR,IPPP(PG209-2014B))the High Impact Research Grant of the University of Malaya(UM.C/625/1/HIR/123).
文摘Amine-based absorption/stripping is one of the promising technology for CO2 capture from natural and industrial gas streams.During the process,amines and CO2 undergo irreversible reactions to produce undesired compounds,which cause corrosion,foaming,increased viscosity and breakdown of equipment,ultimately contributing to the economic loss and environmental pollution.In this study,the thermal degradation of aqueous diethanolamine in the presence and absence of dissolved CO2 was investigated.The experiments were performed in stainless steel cylinders.The results show that thermal degradation in the absence of CO2 was a slow process;triethanolamine,and tris(2-aminoethyl)amine were only the degradation products identified in the mixture In addition,the rate of degradation was very low,only 3%degradation was observed after 4 weeks.But in the presence of CO2,sixteen degradation products were identified,nine of which were new degradation products reported for the first time in this study.The 3-(2-hydroxyethyl)-2-oxazolidinone,1,4-bis(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazine and triethanolamine were the most abundant degradation products.The remaining DEA concentration after 4 weeks was about 20%of the total amine concentration.The most probable degradation reactions and their mechanisms are also proposed.
文摘Mixed ammonium-transition metal salts with formula of （NH4）xMyHzPMo12O40 （M = Ni^2＋, Co^2＋ or Fe ^3＋） denoted as MPMo12 have been investigated for the oxidation of propane, with molecular oxygen, at temperature range between 380 ℃ and 420 ℃ after in-situ pre-treatment performed at two heating rate of 5 or 9℃/min. They were characterized by BET method, XRD, UV-Vis and IR techniques. The catalysts were found to be active in the propane oxidation and selective to propene or acrolein, in particular for samples pre-treated with the heating rate of 9℃/min. FePMo12 was found to be a more active catalyst for propene （17.2% yield） with minimal over deep oxidation （0.3% yield in COx）.
基金Supported by the Laboratory of Research in Natural Products,Faculty of Life and Natural Sciences,Universe and Earth Sciences,University of Tlemcen,Algeria
文摘Objective:To investigate the antioxidant and the antibacterial activities of crude extract from aerial part of Polygonum maritimumL.(Polygonaceae)(P.maritimum)and to find new actives biomolecules.Methods:The whole plant was collected from the Rechgoune coast(West of Algeria),and methanolic crude extract of aerial parts ofP.maritimum(PMCE)was prepared.The extract was tested against different bacterial strain and tested for his ability to neutralize free radical(DPPH)and to scavenge the H2O2.Results:PMCE had a very high content of total phenol,which was(352.49依18.03)mg/g dry weight,expressed as gallic acid equivalent.PMCE exhibited excellent antioxidant activity,as measured using DPPH and H2O2 scavenging assays.It also showed a high antibacterial activity against gram-positive bacterial strains:Bacillus cereus,Bacillus subtilisandStaphylococcus aureus with an highest MIC of 120μg/mL.Conclusions:The antioxidant and antibacterial activity of the PMCE is probably due to phenolic compounds present in the extract.The contemporary presence of antioxidant and antibacterialactivities in the PMCE suggests that this plant may be a source of bioactive substances with multifaceted activity.
基金the financial support provided by the Ministry of Higher Education&Scientific Research of Iraq。
文摘A mechanistic model is developed to investigate the influence of an activator on the corrosion rate of carbon steel in the absorption processes of carbon dioxide(CO2).Piperazine(PZ)is used as the activator in diethanolamine(DEA)aqueous solutions.The developed model for corrosion takes into consideration the effect of fluid flow,transfer of charge and diffusion of oxidizing agents and operating parameters like temperature,activator concentration,CO2 loading and pH.The study consists of two major models:Vapor–liquid Equilibrium(VLE)model and electrochemical corrosion model.The electrolyte-NRTL equilibrium model was used for determination of concentration of chemical species in the bulk solution.The results of speciation were subsequently used for producing polarization curves and predicting the rate of corrosion occurring at the surface of metal.An increase in concentration of activator,increases the rate of corrosion of carbon steel in mixtures of activated DEA.
文摘Effective prediction of pavement performance is essential for transportation agencies to appropriately strategize maintenance, rehabilitation, and reconstruction of roads. One of the primary performance indicators is the international roughness index （IRI） which rep- resents the pavement roughness. Correlating the pavement roughness to other perfor- mance measures has been under continuous development in the past decade. However, the drawback of existing correlations is that most of them are not practical yet reliable for prediction of roughness. In this study a novel approach was developed to predict the IRI, utilizing two data sets extracted from long term pavement performance （LTPP） database. The proposed methodology included the application of a hybrid technique which combines the gene expression programming （GEP） and artificial neural network （ANN）. The developed algorithm showed reasonable performance for prediction of IRI using traffic parameters and structural properties of pavement. Furthermore, estimation of present IRI from his- torical data was evaluated through another set of LTPP data. The second prediction model also depicted a reasonable performance power. Further extension of the proposed models including different pavement types, traffic and environmental conditions would be desir- ab]e in future studies.
文摘The current study aims to explain the fundamentals of religious pluralism in Wittgenstein later philosophy and Gadamer philosophical hermeneutics,specifically regarding culture.It,then,proposes the approach more suitable for the Islamic context.Having fulfilled such an objective,pluralism,concerning religious rituals,becomes accepted and cultural and religious interaction is realized without any relativism conclusion.Wittgenstein’s pluralism results in pure relativism.That is to say,in order to understand the rules of the language game and life style he mentions,one needs to be placed inside.However,it is a dialectical model that Gadamer philosophical hermeneutics leads to.Dialogue gives opportunity to cultural interaction and convergence,developing the religious culture.The latter is of more proximity to Islamic resources such as the Quran,proposing a religious culture transcending cultural,historical,and social limitations.All in all,the two significant features of Gadamer’s which Wittgenstein ignores are first,the interaction of religious pluralism encouraging the development of religious culture and second,reciprocal relation between culture and religion based on hermeneutics circle.
文摘The north-south trending Kullu valley between Rohtang in the north and Hansu in the south is a wide and open valley filled with Quaternary sediments along the main eourse of the Beas River. The valley in the middle is drained by the Beas River and numerous tributaries join it laterally. The tributary ehannels have deposited large alluvial fans at their mouths whieh form three distinct levels. The Beas River has deposited alluvial terraees, whieh are very distinct towards the lower reaehes and form three to four levels. The upper slopes and high altitudinal areas are eovered with periglaeial and glaeial deposits. The terraee, fan and hill slopes have provided an ideal geoenvironment for human aetivities inehiding agrieulture, hortieulture, dense settlements and other eivil establishments. The Kulhi Valley is prone to various natural hazards, flash floods and eloudbursts that are very eommon in this valley due to its peeuliar geomorphie eonclifton, high relief of peripheral ridges and impact of monsoon winds. The studies carried out so far indicate that the losses caused by these phenomena both in terms of life and property are mainly due to unwise human interaction with the geoenvironment of the area. The paper gives an overview of the geoenvironmental status of the Kulhi Valley and suggests the necessity of undertaking further detailed studies ineluding resouree mapping for balaneed development of the area.
文摘Pollen morphology & pollen fertility estimation of three medicinal species belonging to genus Hypericum L. from flora of Kaghan valley, Northern Pakistan was investigated by light and scanning electron microscopy for the first time. The species are Hypericum elodeoides Choisy in, Hypericum oblongifolium Choisy, and Hypericum perforatum L. Pollen morphological characteristics with considerable variation are provided for these taxa. Among the studied taxa, the pollen grains were 3-4 colporate type and the largest pollen size was found in H. oblongifolium in polar view 23.0 μm and in equatorial view was 25.35 μm. The smallest pollen was of H. elodeoides in polar view which was 19.91 μm and in equatorial view was observed 12.53 μm in H. perforatum. The shape of the all pollen grain was circular to semi-angular in polar view, however in equatorial view the shape of the grains was oblate-spheroidal, in H. elodeoides, and H. oblongifolium while prolate in H. perforatum. Exine sculpturing was observed by scanning electron microscopy which showed foveolate sculpturing in H. elodeoides, reticulate in H. oblongifolium and scabrate in H. perforatum. Pollen fertility estimation ranged from 82.66% to 90.90% which shows that flora of selected species is well established.
文摘Compression movements generated by continental collision apart from leading to uplift of the intervening ocean sediments brings about closure of the oceanic body in a phased manner.In the culminating phase of uplift when ocean sediments assume the form of a gigantic mountain system, a number of depressions or closed basins of various dimensions are developed in the orogenic belt. These depressions are principally developed by the differential folding of rocks coupled with faulting and thrusting associated with the uplift process.The mountain drainage gets impounded in these depressions and gives rise to the formation of lakes..During cold climate the depressions are also developed by glacial abrasion wh ich are subsequently filled by snowmelt to form the lakes of various dimensions.Himalaya is dotted with a number of lakes of both tectonic and glacial origin and signify the crown stage of tectonic development of the World’s tallest and youngest mountain belt.A number of lake basins have developed in the various longitudinal belts of this mountain system. Several lake basins like Tso Morari, Pangong Tso and Tso Kar have developed in close proximity of the Indus Suture zone (ISZ),the tectonic belt which marks the zone of continental collision between India and Asia.These lakes by virtue of their location, size, sediment content, water chemistry and associated geomorphic features are the potential source of information in regard to climo\|tectonic changes witnessed by Himalaya\|Tibet region in late Cenozoic period. The paper attempts at elucidating these changes that have occurred in Ladakh Trans Himalaya citing the illustration of the Tso Kar lake.
文摘In a rapidly urbanizing world, the social, economic, and ecological complexities of cities require conceptual and operational innovations to enhance climate resilience and sustainability. We describe our Integrative Collaborative Project (ICP) approach to co-create climate resilience in the Mexico-Lerma-Cutzamala Hydrological Region (MLCHR). In recent years, it has suffered from frequent natural disasters, and under climate change scenarios, the intensity and frequency of extreme events, including severe floods, droughts, heat waves and landslides are expected to increase. ICPs are framed as socio-technical capacity building enterprises, with networks operating at multiple scales. The approach differs from other integrative efforts, which tend to be top-down with scant civil society co-ownership, and focus on limited aspects like indicators/assessment, or institutional capacity building. We reimagine all operational stages, from creative thinking, through ethos and concept, assessment, planning, project design, implementation and management, and monitoring and evaluation. The design of ICPs is informed by six integrative domains: 1) project ethos, concept, and framing;2) sectors, topics, and issues;3) spatial and temporal scales;4) stakeholder interests, relationships and capacities;5) knowledge types, models and methods;and 6) socio-technical capacities and networks. Empirically, the approach is based on participatory development practices, pilot project work tackling sustainable water and sanitation in Mexico, and a synthesis of rich experiential knowledge spanning 20 years. The theoretical basis considers a pragmatic knowledge frame, socio-technical transitions literature, and education for social transformation. We describe forward-looking operational details of the Pilot ICP for the Mexico-Lerma-Cutzamala Hydrological Region, with our three-university partnership as catalyst, and a new breed of socio-technical enterprise organization as a key partner, engaging stakeholders at municipal and regional scales.
