BACKGROUND The Coronavirus disease 19(COVID-19)-related psychiatric burden partly results from prolonged social stress world-wide.Studies have examined the psychiatric impact of COVID-19 on Diagnostic and Statistical ...BACKGROUND The Coronavirus disease 19(COVID-19)-related psychiatric burden partly results from prolonged social stress world-wide.Studies have examined the psychiatric impact of COVID-19 on Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders,Fifth Edition(DSM 5)and International Classification of Diseases 11th Revision(ICD-11)categories,implicating multiple diagnoses,complicating clinical management.AIM To verify whether COVID-19-related psychopathology spans multiple DSM-5 and ICD-11 diagnoses,but not in a random pattern.Consequently,empirical analysis of the multiple associated symptoms will better describe COVID-19-related psychopathology.METHODS We conducted a bi-national study during the first surge of the pandemic:an Italian sample(n=21217,studied March-April 2020);and three representative longitudinal samples from Israel(n=1276,1189,and 1432 respectively,studied May-July 2020).Data in Italy were collected by a national internet-based survey with an initially approached sample of about one million persons and in Israel by the Israeli Central Bureau of Statistics using probability-based national representative sampling.Data analysis focused on the frequency and patterns of reported multiple mental health symptoms.RESULTS Combinations with all symptoms were more prevalent than combinations with fewer symptoms,with no majorities-minorities differences in both countries,demonstrating the generalizability of the transdiagnostic pattern of mental health issues in both nations.A history of previous mental disorder(Italian study)and an increase in symptom prevalence over time(Israel study)were associated with an increased number of symptoms.Conclusions:Based on finding correlated symptom diversity spanning conventional diagnostic categories,we suggest that the pattern of mental health issues associated with the COVID-19 pandemic is transdiagnostic.CONCLUSION The findings have implications for improving prevention and treatment of COVID-19 related psychopathology and for post-pandemic times in conditions resulting展开更多
Wildlife trafficking is a global phenomenon posing many negative impacts on socio-environmental systems.Scientific exploration of wildlife trafficking trends and the impact of interventions is significantly encumbered...Wildlife trafficking is a global phenomenon posing many negative impacts on socio-environmental systems.Scientific exploration of wildlife trafficking trends and the impact of interventions is significantly encumbered by a suite of data reuse challenges.We describe a novel,open-access data directory on wildlife trafficking and a corresponding visualization tool that can be used to identify data for multiple purposes,such as exploring wildlife trafficking hotspots and convergence points with other crime,discovering key drivers or deterrents of wildlife trafficking,and uncovering structural patterns.Keyword searches,expert elicitation,and peer-reviewed publications were used to search for extant sources used by industry and non-profit organizations,as well as those leveraged to publish academic research articles.The open-access data directory is designed to be a living document and searchable according to multiple measures.The directory can be instrumental in the data-driven analysis of unsustainable illegal wildlife trade,supply chain structure via link prediction models,the value of demand and supply reduction initiatives via multi-item knapsack problems,or trafficking behavior and transportation choices via network interdiction problems.展开更多
From April to July 2018,a data sample at the peak energy of the T(4 S) resonance was collected with the Belle Ⅱ detector at the SuperKEKB electron-positron collider.This is the first data sample of the Belle Ⅱ exper...From April to July 2018,a data sample at the peak energy of the T(4 S) resonance was collected with the Belle Ⅱ detector at the SuperKEKB electron-positron collider.This is the first data sample of the Belle Ⅱ experiment.Using Bhabha and digamma events,we measure the integrated luminosity of the data sample to be(496.3±0.3±3.0) pb-1,where the first uncertainty is statistical and the second is systematic.This work provides a basis for future luminosity measurements at Belle Ⅱ.展开更多
The clinical presentation that emerges from the extensive coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)mental health literature suggests high correlations among many conventional psychiatric diagnoses.Arguments against the use o...The clinical presentation that emerges from the extensive coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)mental health literature suggests high correlations among many conventional psychiatric diagnoses.Arguments against the use of multiple comorbidities for a single patient have been published long before the pandemic.Concurrently,diagnostic recommendations for use of transdiagnostic considerations for improved treatment have been also published in recent years.In this review,we pose the question of whether a transdiagnostic mental health disease,including psychiatric and neuropsychiatric symptomology,has emerged since the onset of the pandemic.There are many attempts to identify a syndrome related to the pandemic,but none of the validated scales is able to capture the entire psychiatric and neuropsychiatric clinical presentation in infected and non-infected individuals.These scales also only marginally touch the issue of etiology and prevalence.We suggest a working hypothesis termed Complex Stress Reaction Syndrome(CSRS)representing a global psychiatric reaction to the pandemic situation in the general population(Type A)and a neuropsychiatric reaction in infected individuals(Type B)which relates to neurocognitive and psychiatric features which are part(excluding systemic and metabolic dysfunctions)of the syndrome termed in the literature as long COVID.We base our propositions on multidisciplinary scientific data regarding mental health during the global pandemic situation and the effects of viral infection reviewed from Google Scholar and PubMed between February 1,2022 and March 10,2022.Search inclusion criteria were“mental health”,“COVID-19”and“Long COVID”,English language and human studies only.We suggest that this more comprehensive way of understanding COVID-19 complex mental health reactions may promote better prevention and treatment and serve to guide implementation of recommended administrative regulations that were recently published by the World Psychiatric Association.This review may serve as a call f展开更多
Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of labor pain intensity and labor pain catastrophizing on maternity blues and postpartum social functioning. Study design: Pain intensity and pain catast...Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of labor pain intensity and labor pain catastrophizing on maternity blues and postpartum social functioning. Study design: Pain intensity and pain catastrophizing were assessed in 89 women in active labor before the administration of analgesia. Both these measures were assessed again retrospectively 2 days after delivery in 82 women who had a spontaneous vaginal delivery. Women also filled out the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale. Six weeks later women completed the social functioning domain of the short form SF36 health survey. Results: Pain catastrophizing during labor significantly predicted both maternity blues (P =. 001) and postpartum social functioning (P =. 001) when being controlled for maternal age and education, parity, type of analgesia, and labor pain intensity. Low level of education and younger age also contributed to the prediction of maternity blues and social functioning. Conclusion: Labor pain catastrophizing rather than labor pain intensity predicts postpartum maternal adjustments.展开更多
A condition of exposure to multiple stressors resulting in a mixed clinical picture spanning conventional categories without meeting any of them in full,encompasses a risk for a list of comorbidities preventing approp...A condition of exposure to multiple stressors resulting in a mixed clinical picture spanning conventional categories without meeting any of them in full,encompasses a risk for a list of comorbidities preventing appropriate prevention and treatment.New transformative transdiagnostic approaches suggest changes spanning conventional categories.They base their systems of classification on biomarkers as well as on brain structural and functional dysregulation as associated with behavioral and emotional symptoms.These new approaches received critiques for not being specific enough and for suggesting a few biomarkers for psychopathology as a whole.Therefore,they put the value of differential diagnosis at risk of avoiding appropriate derived prevention and treatment.Multiplicity of stressors has been considered mostly during and following catastrophes,without considering the resulting mixed clinical picture and life event concomitant stressors.We herewith suggest a new category within the conventional classification systems:The Complex Stress Reaction Syndrome,for a condition of multiplicity of stressors,which showed a mixed clinical picture for daily life in the post coronavirus disease 2019 era,in the general population.We argue that this condition may be relevant to daily,regular life,across the lifespan,and beyond conditions of catastrophes.We further argue that this condition may worsen without professional care and it may develop into a severe mental health disorder,more costly to health systems and the suffering individuals.Means for derived prevention and treatment are discussed.展开更多
BACKGROUND The debate regarding diagnostic classification systems in psychiatry(categorial vs dimensional systems)has essential implications for the diagnosis,prevention and treatment of stress reactions.We previously...BACKGROUND The debate regarding diagnostic classification systems in psychiatry(categorial vs dimensional systems)has essential implications for the diagnosis,prevention and treatment of stress reactions.We previously found a unique pattern of stress reaction in a study executed during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic using large representative samples in two countries,and termed it the Complex Stress Reaction Syndrome(CSRS).AIM To investigate CSRS,Type A(psychiatric symptoms,spanning anxiety,depression,stress symptoms,and posttraumatic stress disorder(PTSD)),with or without long-coronavirus disease(COVID)residuals(CSRS,Type B,neuropsychiatric symptoms spanning cognitive deficits and fatigue,excluding systemic symptoms).Our two-tailed hypothesis was that CSRS is a condition related to an unrecognized type of stress reaction in daily life in the general population(Type A)or that it is related to the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection and its long-COVID residuals(Type B).METHODS 977 individuals in four continents(North America,Europe,Australia and the Middle East)completed the online study questionnaire in six languages using the Qualtrics platform.The study was managed by six teams in six countries that promoted the study on social media.The questionnaire assessed anxiety,depression,stress symptoms and PTSD(CSRS,Type A),cognitive deficits and fatigue(CSRS,Type B).The data were analyzed using Proportion Analyses,Multivariate Analysis of Co-Variance(MANCOVA),linear regression analyses and validated clinical cutoff points.RESULTS The results of the Proportion Analyses showed that the prevalence of 4 symptoms spanning anxiety,depression,stress symptoms,and PTSD was significantly higher than the most prevalent combinations of fewer symptoms across 4 continents,age groups,and gender.This supports the transdiagnostic argument embedded in the CSRS(Type A).The same pattern of results was found in infected/recovered individuals.The prevalence of the 4 psychiatric symptoms combination was signific展开更多
We present a novel photonic Doppler velocimetry(PDV)design for laser-driven shock-wave experiments.This PDV design is intended to provide the capability of measuring the free-surface velocity of shocked opaque materia...We present a novel photonic Doppler velocimetry(PDV)design for laser-driven shock-wave experiments.This PDV design is intended to provide the capability of measuring the free-surface velocity of shocked opaque materials in the terapascal range.We present measurements of the free-surface velocity of gold for as long as∼2 ns from the shock breakout,at pressures of up to∼7 Mbar and a free-surface velocity of 7.3 km/s with an error of∼1.5%.Such laboratory pressure conditions are achieved predominantly at high-intensity laser facilities where the only velocity diagnostic is usually line-imaging velocity interferometry for any reflector.However,that diagnostic is limited by the lower dynamic range of the streak camera(at a temporal resolution relevant to laser shock experiments)to measure the free-surface velocity of opaque materials up to pressures of only∼1 Mbar.We expect the proposed PDV design to allow the free-surface velocity of opaque materials to be measured at much higher pressures.展开更多
Background: Running-related overuse injuries can result from the combination of extrinsic(e.g., running mileage) and intrinsic risk factors(e.g.,biomechanics and gender), but the relationship between these factors is ...Background: Running-related overuse injuries can result from the combination of extrinsic(e.g., running mileage) and intrinsic risk factors(e.g.,biomechanics and gender), but the relationship between these factors is not folly understood. Therefore, the first purpose of this study was to determine whether we could classify higher-and lower-mileage runners according to differences in lower extremity kinematics during the stance and swing phases of running gait. I he second purpose was to subgroup the runners by gender and determine whether we could classify higherand lower-mileage runners in male and female subgroups.Methods: Participants were allocated to the "higher-mileage" group(≥32 km/week; n= 41(30 females)) or to the "lower-mileage" group(≤25 km;n= 40(29 females)). Three-dimensional kinematic data were collected during 60 s of treadmill running at a self-selected speed(2.61 ± 0.23 m/s).A support vector machine classifier identified kinematic differences between higher-and lower-mileage groups based on principal component scores.Results: Higher-and lower-mileage runners(both genders) could be separated with 92.59% classification accuracy. When subgrouping by gender,higher-and lower-mileage female runners could be separated with 89.83% classification accuracy, and higher-and lower-mileage male runners could be separated with 100% classification accuracy.Conclusion: These results demonstrate there are distinct kinematic differences between subgroups related to both mileage and gender, and that these factors need to be considered in future research.展开更多
The Cydia pomonella granulovirus (CpGV) has been used for many years as biological agent for codling moth control in apple orchards. Resistance to the Mexican strain of CpGV was detected in orchards in Germany, France...The Cydia pomonella granulovirus (CpGV) has been used for many years as biological agent for codling moth control in apple orchards. Resistance to the Mexican strain of CpGV was detected in orchards in Germany, France and Italy. A laboratory insect colony was started from insects collected in a French resistant orchard. It was named RGV. Various virus isolates were identified as active against this resistant insect colony. Field tests were carried out in 2007 to test if the two virus isolates CpGV-I12 and NPP-R1 were effective in the field. Although these virus isolates were not able to reduce insect caused fruit damages, they significantly reduced the overwintering insect populations. NPP-R1 was subjected to eight passages on RGV larvae (NPP-R1.8) that improved its biological activity on RGV larvae. 2008 field trials were set up to test this improved virus strain, compared to CpGV-I12 and Madex plus active on RGV. These tests confirmed the ability to control both in susceptible and resistant insect populations.展开更多
Enhanced acceleration of protons to high energy by relatively modest high power ultra-short laser pulses, interacting with snow micro-structured targets was recently proposed. A notably increased proton energy was att...Enhanced acceleration of protons to high energy by relatively modest high power ultra-short laser pulses, interacting with snow micro-structured targets was recently proposed. A notably increased proton energy was attributed to a combination of several mechanisms such as localized enhancement of the laser field intensity near the tip of 1 μm size whisker and increase in the hot electron concentration near the tip. Moreover, the use of mass-limited target prevents undesirable spread of absorbed laser energy out of the interaction zone. With increasing laser intensity a Coulomb explosion of the positively charged whisker will occur. All these mechanisms are functions of the local density profile and strongly depend on the laser pre-pulse structure. To clarify the effect of the pre-pulse on the state of the snow micro-structured target at the time of interaction with the main pulse, we measured the optical damage threshold(ODT) of the snow targets. ODT of 0.4 J/cm^2 was measured by irradiating snow micro-structured targets with 50 fs duration pulses of Ti:Sapphire laser.展开更多
An isolate of the Spodoptera frugiperda multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus comprises a stable proportion of deletion genotypes （e.g., SfNIC-C）, that lack pifl and pif2 rendering them noninfectious per os, and that surviv...An isolate of the Spodoptera frugiperda multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus comprises a stable proportion of deletion genotypes （e.g., SfNIC-C）, that lack pifl and pif2 rendering them noninfectious per os, and that survive by complementation with a complete genotype （SfNIC-B） in coinfected cells. To determine whether selection for particular ratios of complete and deletion genotypes occurs mainly during the establishment of the primary infection in insect midgut cells or during subsequent systemic infection, we examined genotype frequencies in insects that fed on OBs comprising different co-occluded mixtures of genotypes. Dramatic changes in genotype frequencies were observed between the OB inoculum and budded virus （BV） samples taken from larvae inoculated with OBs comprising 10% SfNIC-B ＋ 90% SfNIC-C indicating that a marked reduction of SfNIC-C genotype had occurred in the insect midgut due to the immediate elimination of all OBs that originated from cells that had been infected only by SfNIC-C. In contrast, immediate changes were not observed in OBs comprising mixtures of 50% SfNIC-B ＋ 50% SfNIC-C or those comprising 10% SfNIC-B ＋ 90% SfNIC-C as most of the OBs in these mixtures originated from cells that had been infected by both genotypes. Subsequent changes in genotypic frequencies during five days of systemic infection were fairly small in magnitude for all genotypic mixtures. We conclude that the prevalence of defective genotypes in the SfNIC population is likely determined by a balance between host selection against OBs produced in cells infected by SfNIC-C alone and within-host selection for fast-replicating deletion genotypes. The strength of intra-host selection is likely modulated by changes in MOI during the infection period.展开更多
Background & Aims: A significant proportion of Lynch syndrome cases are believed to be due to large genomic alterations in the mismatch repair genes hMLH1 and hMSH2. However, previous studies have not adequately i...Background & Aims: A significant proportion of Lynch syndrome cases are believed to be due to large genomic alterations in the mismatch repair genes hMLH1 and hMSH2. However, previous studies have not adequately identified the frequency and scope of such mutations, and routine clinical Lynch syndrome testing often does not include analysis for these mutations. Our aim was to characterize hMLH1 and hMSH2 genomic rearrangements in a large population of suspected Lynch syndrome patients. Methods: A total of 365 samples from probands referred for genetic testing for Lynch syndrome were analyzed for the presence of large genomic alterations in hMLH1 or hMSH2 by using a combination of techniques. Samples with a deletion in exons 1- 6 in hMSH2 were further characterized by polymerase chain reaction to establish the presence of the hMSH2 American founder deletion. Results: An hMLH1 or hMSH2 mutation was identified in 153 cases, and, of these, 12 of 67 (17.9% ) and 39 of 86 (45.3% ) had a large genomic alteration in hMLH1 and hMSH2, respectively. Overall, 6 different hMLH1 and 12 different hMSH2 deletions/ duplications, including 10 novel mutations, were identified. Analysis of the hMSH2 exon 1- 6 deletion samples showed that 13 of 18 (72.2% ) had the American founder deletion. Conclusions: These data show a high frequency and diverse spectrum of large genomic alterations in hMLH1 and hMSH2 in suspected Lynch syndrome patients. Thus, a comprehensive mutation identification strategy that includes the ability to detect large genomic rearrangements is imperative for the clinical genetic identification of Lynch syndrome patients and families.展开更多
文摘BACKGROUND The Coronavirus disease 19(COVID-19)-related psychiatric burden partly results from prolonged social stress world-wide.Studies have examined the psychiatric impact of COVID-19 on Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders,Fifth Edition(DSM 5)and International Classification of Diseases 11th Revision(ICD-11)categories,implicating multiple diagnoses,complicating clinical management.AIM To verify whether COVID-19-related psychopathology spans multiple DSM-5 and ICD-11 diagnoses,but not in a random pattern.Consequently,empirical analysis of the multiple associated symptoms will better describe COVID-19-related psychopathology.METHODS We conducted a bi-national study during the first surge of the pandemic:an Italian sample(n=21217,studied March-April 2020);and three representative longitudinal samples from Israel(n=1276,1189,and 1432 respectively,studied May-July 2020).Data in Italy were collected by a national internet-based survey with an initially approached sample of about one million persons and in Israel by the Israeli Central Bureau of Statistics using probability-based national representative sampling.Data analysis focused on the frequency and patterns of reported multiple mental health symptoms.RESULTS Combinations with all symptoms were more prevalent than combinations with fewer symptoms,with no majorities-minorities differences in both countries,demonstrating the generalizability of the transdiagnostic pattern of mental health issues in both nations.A history of previous mental disorder(Italian study)and an increase in symptom prevalence over time(Israel study)were associated with an increased number of symptoms.Conclusions:Based on finding correlated symptom diversity spanning conventional diagnostic categories,we suggest that the pattern of mental health issues associated with the COVID-19 pandemic is transdiagnostic.CONCLUSION The findings have implications for improving prevention and treatment of COVID-19 related psychopathology and for post-pandemic times in conditions resulting
基金the National Science Foundation[CMMI-1935451]and National Science Foundation[ISS-2039951]。
文摘Wildlife trafficking is a global phenomenon posing many negative impacts on socio-environmental systems.Scientific exploration of wildlife trafficking trends and the impact of interventions is significantly encumbered by a suite of data reuse challenges.We describe a novel,open-access data directory on wildlife trafficking and a corresponding visualization tool that can be used to identify data for multiple purposes,such as exploring wildlife trafficking hotspots and convergence points with other crime,discovering key drivers or deterrents of wildlife trafficking,and uncovering structural patterns.Keyword searches,expert elicitation,and peer-reviewed publications were used to search for extant sources used by industry and non-profit organizations,as well as those leveraged to publish academic research articles.The open-access data directory is designed to be a living document and searchable according to multiple measures.The directory can be instrumental in the data-driven analysis of unsustainable illegal wildlife trade,supply chain structure via link prediction models,the value of demand and supply reduction initiatives via multi-item knapsack problems,or trafficking behavior and transportation choices via network interdiction problems.
基金supported by the following funding sources:Science Committee of the Republic of Armenia Grant No.18T-1C180Australian Research Council and research grant Nos.DP180102629,DP170102389,DP170102204,DP150103061,FT130100303,and FT130100018+22 种基金Austrian Federal Ministry of Education,Science and Research,and Austrian Science Fund No.P 31361-N36Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada,Compute Canada and CANARIEChinese Academy of Sciences and research grant No.QYZDJ-SSW-SLH011National Natural Science Foundation of China and research grant Nos.11521505,11575017,11675166,11761141009,11705209,and 11975076LiaoNing Revitalization Talents Program under contract No.XLYC1807135Shanghai Municipal Science and Technology Committee under contract No.19ZR1403000Shanghai Pujiang Program under Grant No.18PJ1401000the CAS Center for Excellence in Particle Physics(CCEPP)the Ministry of Education,Youth and Sports of the Czech Republic under Contract No.LTT17020Charles University grants SVV260448 and GAUK 404316European Research Council,7th Framework PIEF-GA-2013-622527Horizon 2020 Marie Sklodowska-Curie grant agreement No.700525’NIOBE,’Horizon 2020 Marie Sklodowska-Curie RISE project JENNIFER grant agreement No.644294Horizon 2020 ERC-Advanced Grant No.267104NewAve No.638528(European grants)L’Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules(IN2P3)du CNRS(France),BMBF,DFG,HGF,MPG and AvH Foundation(Germany)Department of Atomic Energy and Department of Science and Technology(India)Israel Science Foundation grant No.2476/17United States-Israel Binational Science Foundation grant No.2016113Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare and the research grants BELLE2Japan Society for the Promotion of Science,Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research grant Nos.16H03968,16H03993,16H06492,16K05323,17H01133,17H05405,18K03621,18H03710,18H05226,19H00682,26220706,and 26400255the National Institute of Informatics,and Science Information NETwork 5(SINET5)the Ministry of Education,Culture,Sports,Science,an
文摘From April to July 2018,a data sample at the peak energy of the T(4 S) resonance was collected with the Belle Ⅱ detector at the SuperKEKB electron-positron collider.This is the first data sample of the Belle Ⅱ experiment.Using Bhabha and digamma events,we measure the integrated luminosity of the data sample to be(496.3±0.3±3.0) pb-1,where the first uncertainty is statistical and the second is systematic.This work provides a basis for future luminosity measurements at Belle Ⅱ.
文摘The clinical presentation that emerges from the extensive coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)mental health literature suggests high correlations among many conventional psychiatric diagnoses.Arguments against the use of multiple comorbidities for a single patient have been published long before the pandemic.Concurrently,diagnostic recommendations for use of transdiagnostic considerations for improved treatment have been also published in recent years.In this review,we pose the question of whether a transdiagnostic mental health disease,including psychiatric and neuropsychiatric symptomology,has emerged since the onset of the pandemic.There are many attempts to identify a syndrome related to the pandemic,but none of the validated scales is able to capture the entire psychiatric and neuropsychiatric clinical presentation in infected and non-infected individuals.These scales also only marginally touch the issue of etiology and prevalence.We suggest a working hypothesis termed Complex Stress Reaction Syndrome(CSRS)representing a global psychiatric reaction to the pandemic situation in the general population(Type A)and a neuropsychiatric reaction in infected individuals(Type B)which relates to neurocognitive and psychiatric features which are part(excluding systemic and metabolic dysfunctions)of the syndrome termed in the literature as long COVID.We base our propositions on multidisciplinary scientific data regarding mental health during the global pandemic situation and the effects of viral infection reviewed from Google Scholar and PubMed between February 1,2022 and March 10,2022.Search inclusion criteria were“mental health”,“COVID-19”and“Long COVID”,English language and human studies only.We suggest that this more comprehensive way of understanding COVID-19 complex mental health reactions may promote better prevention and treatment and serve to guide implementation of recommended administrative regulations that were recently published by the World Psychiatric Association.This review may serve as a call f
文摘Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of labor pain intensity and labor pain catastrophizing on maternity blues and postpartum social functioning. Study design: Pain intensity and pain catastrophizing were assessed in 89 women in active labor before the administration of analgesia. Both these measures were assessed again retrospectively 2 days after delivery in 82 women who had a spontaneous vaginal delivery. Women also filled out the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale. Six weeks later women completed the social functioning domain of the short form SF36 health survey. Results: Pain catastrophizing during labor significantly predicted both maternity blues (P =. 001) and postpartum social functioning (P =. 001) when being controlled for maternal age and education, parity, type of analgesia, and labor pain intensity. Low level of education and younger age also contributed to the prediction of maternity blues and social functioning. Conclusion: Labor pain catastrophizing rather than labor pain intensity predicts postpartum maternal adjustments.
文摘A condition of exposure to multiple stressors resulting in a mixed clinical picture spanning conventional categories without meeting any of them in full,encompasses a risk for a list of comorbidities preventing appropriate prevention and treatment.New transformative transdiagnostic approaches suggest changes spanning conventional categories.They base their systems of classification on biomarkers as well as on brain structural and functional dysregulation as associated with behavioral and emotional symptoms.These new approaches received critiques for not being specific enough and for suggesting a few biomarkers for psychopathology as a whole.Therefore,they put the value of differential diagnosis at risk of avoiding appropriate derived prevention and treatment.Multiplicity of stressors has been considered mostly during and following catastrophes,without considering the resulting mixed clinical picture and life event concomitant stressors.We herewith suggest a new category within the conventional classification systems:The Complex Stress Reaction Syndrome,for a condition of multiplicity of stressors,which showed a mixed clinical picture for daily life in the post coronavirus disease 2019 era,in the general population.We argue that this condition may be relevant to daily,regular life,across the lifespan,and beyond conditions of catastrophes.We further argue that this condition may worsen without professional care and it may develop into a severe mental health disorder,more costly to health systems and the suffering individuals.Means for derived prevention and treatment are discussed.
文摘BACKGROUND The debate regarding diagnostic classification systems in psychiatry(categorial vs dimensional systems)has essential implications for the diagnosis,prevention and treatment of stress reactions.We previously found a unique pattern of stress reaction in a study executed during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic using large representative samples in two countries,and termed it the Complex Stress Reaction Syndrome(CSRS).AIM To investigate CSRS,Type A(psychiatric symptoms,spanning anxiety,depression,stress symptoms,and posttraumatic stress disorder(PTSD)),with or without long-coronavirus disease(COVID)residuals(CSRS,Type B,neuropsychiatric symptoms spanning cognitive deficits and fatigue,excluding systemic symptoms).Our two-tailed hypothesis was that CSRS is a condition related to an unrecognized type of stress reaction in daily life in the general population(Type A)or that it is related to the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection and its long-COVID residuals(Type B).METHODS 977 individuals in four continents(North America,Europe,Australia and the Middle East)completed the online study questionnaire in six languages using the Qualtrics platform.The study was managed by six teams in six countries that promoted the study on social media.The questionnaire assessed anxiety,depression,stress symptoms and PTSD(CSRS,Type A),cognitive deficits and fatigue(CSRS,Type B).The data were analyzed using Proportion Analyses,Multivariate Analysis of Co-Variance(MANCOVA),linear regression analyses and validated clinical cutoff points.RESULTS The results of the Proportion Analyses showed that the prevalence of 4 symptoms spanning anxiety,depression,stress symptoms,and PTSD was significantly higher than the most prevalent combinations of fewer symptoms across 4 continents,age groups,and gender.This supports the transdiagnostic argument embedded in the CSRS(Type A).The same pattern of results was found in infected/recovered individuals.The prevalence of the 4 psychiatric symptoms combination was signific
文摘We present a novel photonic Doppler velocimetry(PDV)design for laser-driven shock-wave experiments.This PDV design is intended to provide the capability of measuring the free-surface velocity of shocked opaque materials in the terapascal range.We present measurements of the free-surface velocity of gold for as long as∼2 ns from the shock breakout,at pressures of up to∼7 Mbar and a free-surface velocity of 7.3 km/s with an error of∼1.5%.Such laboratory pressure conditions are achieved predominantly at high-intensity laser facilities where the only velocity diagnostic is usually line-imaging velocity interferometry for any reflector.However,that diagnostic is limited by the lower dynamic range of the streak camera(at a temporal resolution relevant to laser shock experiments)to measure the free-surface velocity of opaque materials up to pressures of only∼1 Mbar.We expect the proposed PDV design to allow the free-surface velocity of opaque materials to be measured at much higher pressures.
基金partially provided by a Discovery Grant (No.1028495) and Accelerator Award (No.1030390) through the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC)the Faculty of Kinesiology Dean's Doctoral Studentship Program at the University of Calgary
文摘Background: Running-related overuse injuries can result from the combination of extrinsic(e.g., running mileage) and intrinsic risk factors(e.g.,biomechanics and gender), but the relationship between these factors is not folly understood. Therefore, the first purpose of this study was to determine whether we could classify higher-and lower-mileage runners according to differences in lower extremity kinematics during the stance and swing phases of running gait. I he second purpose was to subgroup the runners by gender and determine whether we could classify higherand lower-mileage runners in male and female subgroups.Methods: Participants were allocated to the "higher-mileage" group(≥32 km/week; n= 41(30 females)) or to the "lower-mileage" group(≤25 km;n= 40(29 females)). Three-dimensional kinematic data were collected during 60 s of treadmill running at a self-selected speed(2.61 ± 0.23 m/s).A support vector machine classifier identified kinematic differences between higher-and lower-mileage groups based on principal component scores.Results: Higher-and lower-mileage runners(both genders) could be separated with 92.59% classification accuracy. When subgrouping by gender,higher-and lower-mileage female runners could be separated with 89.83% classification accuracy, and higher-and lower-mileage male runners could be separated with 100% classification accuracy.Conclusion: These results demonstrate there are distinct kinematic differences between subgroups related to both mileage and gender, and that these factors need to be considered in future research.
基金supported by the French Research Agency (ANR-06-RIB-003-02) and by NPP
文摘The Cydia pomonella granulovirus (CpGV) has been used for many years as biological agent for codling moth control in apple orchards. Resistance to the Mexican strain of CpGV was detected in orchards in Germany, France and Italy. A laboratory insect colony was started from insects collected in a French resistant orchard. It was named RGV. Various virus isolates were identified as active against this resistant insect colony. Field tests were carried out in 2007 to test if the two virus isolates CpGV-I12 and NPP-R1 were effective in the field. Although these virus isolates were not able to reduce insect caused fruit damages, they significantly reduced the overwintering insect populations. NPP-R1 was subjected to eight passages on RGV larvae (NPP-R1.8) that improved its biological activity on RGV larvae. 2008 field trials were set up to test this improved virus strain, compared to CpGV-I12 and Madex plus active on RGV. These tests confirmed the ability to control both in susceptible and resistant insect populations.
文摘Enhanced acceleration of protons to high energy by relatively modest high power ultra-short laser pulses, interacting with snow micro-structured targets was recently proposed. A notably increased proton energy was attributed to a combination of several mechanisms such as localized enhancement of the laser field intensity near the tip of 1 μm size whisker and increase in the hot electron concentration near the tip. Moreover, the use of mass-limited target prevents undesirable spread of absorbed laser energy out of the interaction zone. With increasing laser intensity a Coulomb explosion of the positively charged whisker will occur. All these mechanisms are functions of the local density profile and strongly depend on the laser pre-pulse structure. To clarify the effect of the pre-pulse on the state of the snow micro-structured target at the time of interaction with the main pulse, we measured the optical damage threshold(ODT) of the snow targets. ODT of 0.4 J/cm^2 was measured by irradiating snow micro-structured targets with 50 fs duration pulses of Ti:Sapphire laser.
基金This study was funded by MEC projects numbers AGL2005-07909-CO3-01 and AGL2008-05456-CO3-01/AGR
文摘An isolate of the Spodoptera frugiperda multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus comprises a stable proportion of deletion genotypes （e.g., SfNIC-C）, that lack pifl and pif2 rendering them noninfectious per os, and that survive by complementation with a complete genotype （SfNIC-B） in coinfected cells. To determine whether selection for particular ratios of complete and deletion genotypes occurs mainly during the establishment of the primary infection in insect midgut cells or during subsequent systemic infection, we examined genotype frequencies in insects that fed on OBs comprising different co-occluded mixtures of genotypes. Dramatic changes in genotype frequencies were observed between the OB inoculum and budded virus （BV） samples taken from larvae inoculated with OBs comprising 10% SfNIC-B ＋ 90% SfNIC-C indicating that a marked reduction of SfNIC-C genotype had occurred in the insect midgut due to the immediate elimination of all OBs that originated from cells that had been infected only by SfNIC-C. In contrast, immediate changes were not observed in OBs comprising mixtures of 50% SfNIC-B ＋ 50% SfNIC-C or those comprising 10% SfNIC-B ＋ 90% SfNIC-C as most of the OBs in these mixtures originated from cells that had been infected by both genotypes. Subsequent changes in genotypic frequencies during five days of systemic infection were fairly small in magnitude for all genotypic mixtures. We conclude that the prevalence of defective genotypes in the SfNIC population is likely determined by a balance between host selection against OBs produced in cells infected by SfNIC-C alone and within-host selection for fast-replicating deletion genotypes. The strength of intra-host selection is likely modulated by changes in MOI during the infection period.
文摘Background & Aims: A significant proportion of Lynch syndrome cases are believed to be due to large genomic alterations in the mismatch repair genes hMLH1 and hMSH2. However, previous studies have not adequately identified the frequency and scope of such mutations, and routine clinical Lynch syndrome testing often does not include analysis for these mutations. Our aim was to characterize hMLH1 and hMSH2 genomic rearrangements in a large population of suspected Lynch syndrome patients. Methods: A total of 365 samples from probands referred for genetic testing for Lynch syndrome were analyzed for the presence of large genomic alterations in hMLH1 or hMSH2 by using a combination of techniques. Samples with a deletion in exons 1- 6 in hMSH2 were further characterized by polymerase chain reaction to establish the presence of the hMSH2 American founder deletion. Results: An hMLH1 or hMSH2 mutation was identified in 153 cases, and, of these, 12 of 67 (17.9% ) and 39 of 86 (45.3% ) had a large genomic alteration in hMLH1 and hMSH2, respectively. Overall, 6 different hMLH1 and 12 different hMSH2 deletions/ duplications, including 10 novel mutations, were identified. Analysis of the hMSH2 exon 1- 6 deletion samples showed that 13 of 18 (72.2% ) had the American founder deletion. Conclusions: These data show a high frequency and diverse spectrum of large genomic alterations in hMLH1 and hMSH2 in suspected Lynch syndrome patients. Thus, a comprehensive mutation identification strategy that includes the ability to detect large genomic rearrangements is imperative for the clinical genetic identification of Lynch syndrome patients and families.
