Exercise training provides physiological benefits for both improving athletic performance and maintaining good health. Different exercise training modalities and strategies exist. Two common exercise strategies are hi...Exercise training provides physiological benefits for both improving athletic performance and maintaining good health. Different exercise training modalities and strategies exist. Two common exercise strategies are high-intensity interval training （HIIT） and moderate-intensity continuous exercise training （MCT）. HIIT was first used early in the 20th century and popularized later that century for improving performance of Olympic athletes. The primary premise underlying HIIT is that, compared to energy expenditure-matched MCT, a greater amount of work is performed at a higher intensity during a single exercise session which is achieved by alternating high-intensity exercise intervals with low-intensity exercise or rest intervals. Emerging research suggests that this same training method can provide beneficial effects for patients with a chronic disease and should be included in the comprehensive medical management plan. Accordingly, a major consideration in developing an individual exercise prescription for a patient with a chronic disease is the selection of an appropriate exercise strategy. In order to maximize exercise training benefits, this strategy should be tailored to the individual＇s need. The focus of this paper is to provide a brief summary of the current literature re^ardin~ the use of HIIT to enhance the fimctional capacity of individuals with cardiovascular, pulmonary, and diabetes diseases.展开更多
There has been a wealth of research that has examined the nature of rework in construction.Progress toward addressing the rework problem has been limited-it still plagues practice,adversely impacting a project’s perf...There has been a wealth of research that has examined the nature of rework in construction.Progress toward addressing the rework problem has been limited-it still plagues practice,adversely impacting a project’s performance.Almost all rework studies have focused on determining its proximal or root causes and therefore have overlooked the conditions that result from its manifestation.In filling this void,this paper draws upon our previous empirical studies,amongst others,to provide a much-needed theoretical framing to understand better why rework occurs,what its consequences are,and how it can be mitigated during construction.The theoretical framing we derive from our review provides construction organizations and their projects with a realization that the journey to mitigating rework begins with creating an error-mastery culture comprising authentic leadership,psychological safety,an errormanagement orientation,and resilience.We suggest that,once an error-mastery culture is established within construction organizations and their projects,they will be better positioned to realize the benefits of the techniques,tools,and technologies espoused to address rework,such as the Last Planner® and building information modeling.We also provide directions for future research and identify implications for practice so that strides toward rework mitigation in construction can be made.展开更多
Charles Dickens’novel A Tale of Two Cities begins with the words,"It was the best of times,it was the worst of times,it was the age of wisdom,it was the age of foolishness,it was the epoch of belief,it was the e...Charles Dickens’novel A Tale of Two Cities begins with the words,"It was the best of times,it was the worst of times,it was the age of wisdom,it was the age of foolishness,it was the epoch of belief,it was the epoch of incredulity."We live in the best of times and simultaneously we live in the worst of times—the best of times because.展开更多
("AtOm and MOleculeS”一书是著者在美国哥伦比亚大学的讲稿经整理而成。该书简明易懂,内容涉及量子化学和光谱学。国外很多学者将其列为参考书目。比较有名的艾拉N赖文著的“量子化学”一书将其做为参考书之一,国内潘道皑、赵成...("AtOm and MOleculeS”一书是著者在美国哥伦比亚大学的讲稿经整理而成。该书简明易懂,内容涉及量子化学和光谱学。国外很多学者将其列为参考书目。比较有名的艾拉N赖文著的“量子化学”一书将其做为参考书之一,国内潘道皑、赵成大,郑载兴等编的"物质结构”教材把其列为主要参考书。本文译自该书的410节。书中提出的屏蔽常数计算公式是国内教材中没有见到的。限于译者水平,错误之处在所难免,欢迎批评指正。展开更多
文摘Exercise training provides physiological benefits for both improving athletic performance and maintaining good health. Different exercise training modalities and strategies exist. Two common exercise strategies are high-intensity interval training （HIIT） and moderate-intensity continuous exercise training （MCT）. HIIT was first used early in the 20th century and popularized later that century for improving performance of Olympic athletes. The primary premise underlying HIIT is that, compared to energy expenditure-matched MCT, a greater amount of work is performed at a higher intensity during a single exercise session which is achieved by alternating high-intensity exercise intervals with low-intensity exercise or rest intervals. Emerging research suggests that this same training method can provide beneficial effects for patients with a chronic disease and should be included in the comprehensive medical management plan. Accordingly, a major consideration in developing an individual exercise prescription for a patient with a chronic disease is the selection of an appropriate exercise strategy. In order to maximize exercise training benefits, this strategy should be tailored to the individual＇s need. The focus of this paper is to provide a brief summary of the current literature re^ardin~ the use of HIIT to enhance the fimctional capacity of individuals with cardiovascular, pulmonary, and diabetes diseases.
基金financial support of the Australian Research Council (DP210101281)。
文摘There has been a wealth of research that has examined the nature of rework in construction.Progress toward addressing the rework problem has been limited-it still plagues practice,adversely impacting a project’s performance.Almost all rework studies have focused on determining its proximal or root causes and therefore have overlooked the conditions that result from its manifestation.In filling this void,this paper draws upon our previous empirical studies,amongst others,to provide a much-needed theoretical framing to understand better why rework occurs,what its consequences are,and how it can be mitigated during construction.The theoretical framing we derive from our review provides construction organizations and their projects with a realization that the journey to mitigating rework begins with creating an error-mastery culture comprising authentic leadership,psychological safety,an errormanagement orientation,and resilience.We suggest that,once an error-mastery culture is established within construction organizations and their projects,they will be better positioned to realize the benefits of the techniques,tools,and technologies espoused to address rework,such as the Last Planner® and building information modeling.We also provide directions for future research and identify implications for practice so that strides toward rework mitigation in construction can be made.
文摘Charles Dickens’novel A Tale of Two Cities begins with the words,"It was the best of times,it was the worst of times,it was the age of wisdom,it was the age of foolishness,it was the epoch of belief,it was the epoch of incredulity."We live in the best of times and simultaneously we live in the worst of times—the best of times because.
文摘("AtOm and MOleculeS”一书是著者在美国哥伦比亚大学的讲稿经整理而成。该书简明易懂,内容涉及量子化学和光谱学。国外很多学者将其列为参考书目。比较有名的艾拉N赖文著的“量子化学”一书将其做为参考书之一,国内潘道皑、赵成大,郑载兴等编的"物质结构”教材把其列为主要参考书。本文译自该书的410节。书中提出的屏蔽常数计算公式是国内教材中没有见到的。限于译者水平,错误之处在所难免,欢迎批评指正。
