The Oligocene-Miocene trajectory exposed at the Lubuk Lawas and Lubuk Bernai Stratigraphic Tracks in Bukit Tigapuluh, Jambi Subbasin, Indonesia, archives remnants of equatorial vegetation during extreme global warming...The Oligocene-Miocene trajectory exposed at the Lubuk Lawas and Lubuk Bernai Stratigraphic Tracks in Bukit Tigapuluh, Jambi Subbasin, Indonesia, archives remnants of equatorial vegetation during extreme global warming and near the beginning of the East Java-Eurasia microcontinent collision, and was carried out using mapping surface analysis, petrological analysis, sedimentology, stratigraphy and palinology. The rock units were deposited during one sedimentation phase, that is the continental deposition phase, which consists of conglomerates, gravel sandstones and sandstones that fill the basin followed by transgressive deposits associated with the deepening of the basin environment. Three palynozones Meyeripollis naharkotensis (Oligocene), Florschuetzia trilobata (Early Miocene) and Florschuetzia meridionalis (Middle Miocene) were identified stratigraphically on the basis of these pollen. The rock layers are deposits from the Early Oligocene to Middle Miocene from bottom to top. The depositional environment changed over time, passing from a narrow, steep-sided tectonic basin, during the Early to Late Oligocene, followed by a lacustrine basin to a palustine with oceanic influence, as a result of distensive E-W movement between the Jambi Fault and the Sunda Fault in the Late Oligocene to the Middle Miocene. Occurrence of taxonomically highly diverse angiosperm pollen in all three palynozones attests to an extremely rich inland and nearshore tropical flora under a strong seasonal rainfall regime. The climate remained warm and became increasingly humid towards the end of the Miocene. The nature of the environment is related to the dynamics of the opening of the basin opening.展开更多
Type 1 hypersensitivity involves an exaggerated immune reaction triggered by allergen exposure,leading to rapid release of inflammatory mediators.Meanwhile,mechanobiology explores how physical forces influence cellula...Type 1 hypersensitivity involves an exaggerated immune reaction triggered by allergen exposure,leading to rapid release of inflammatory mediators.Meanwhile,mechanobiology explores how physical forces influence cellular processes,and recent research underscores its relevance in allergic reactions.This review provides a concise overview of Type 1 hypersensitivity,highlighting the pivotal role of mast cells and immunoglobulin E(IgE)antibodies in orchestrating allergic reactions.Recognizing the dynamic nature of cellular responses in allergies,this study subsequently delves into the emerging field of mechanobiology and its significance in understanding the mechanical forces governing immune cell behavior.Furthermore,molecular forces during mast cell activation and degranulation are explored,elucidating the mechanical aspects of IgE binding and cytoskeletal rearrangements.Next,we discuss the intricate interplay between immune cells and the extracellular matrix,emphasizing the impact of matrix stiffness on cellular responses.Additionally,we examine key mechanosensitive signaling pathways,including the mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK)pathway,Rho guanosine triphosphatase(GTPase)and integrin-mediated focal adhesion signaling,shedding light on their contributions to hypersensitivity reactions.This interplay of mechanobiology and Type 1 hypersensitivity provides insights into potential therapeutic targets and biomarkers,paving the way for better clinical management of Type 1 hypersensitivity reactions.展开更多
The goals of this study are to assess the viability of waste tire-derived char(WTDC)as a sustainable,low-cost fine aggregate surrogate material for asphalt mixtures and to develop the statistically coupled neural netw...The goals of this study are to assess the viability of waste tire-derived char(WTDC)as a sustainable,low-cost fine aggregate surrogate material for asphalt mixtures and to develop the statistically coupled neural network(SCNN)model for predicting volumetric and Marshall properties of asphalt mixtures modified with WTDC.The study is based on experimental data acquired from laboratory volumetric and Marshall properties testing on WTDCmodified asphalt mixtures(WTDC-MAM).The input variables comprised waste tire char content and asphalt binder content.The output variables comprised mixture unit weight,total voids,voids filled with asphalt,Marshall stability,and flow.Statistical coupled neural networks were utilized to predict the volumetric and Marshall properties of asphalt mixtures.For predictive modeling,the SCNN model is employed,incorporating a three-layer neural network and preprocessing techniques to enhance accuracy and reliability.The optimal network architecture,using the collected dataset,was a 2:6:5 structure,and the neural network was trained with 60%of the data,whereas the other 20%was used for cross-validation and testing respectively.The network employed a hyperbolic tangent(tanh)activation function and a feed-forward backpropagation.According to the results,the network model could accurately predict the volumetric and Marshall properties.The predicted accuracy of SCNN was found to be as high value>98%and low prediction errors for both volumetric and Marshall properties.This study demonstrates WTDC's potential as a low-cost,sustainable aggregate replacement.The SCNN-based predictive model proves its efficiency and versatility and promotes sustainable practices.展开更多
The dynamic protrusions of lamellipodia and filopodia have emerged as crucial players in tumor progression and metastasis.These membrane structures,governed by intricate actin cytoskeletal rearrangements,facilitate ca...The dynamic protrusions of lamellipodia and filopodia have emerged as crucial players in tumor progression and metastasis.These membrane structures,governed by intricate actin cytoskeletal rearrangements,facilitate cancer cell migration,invasion,and interaction with the tumor microenvironment.This review provides a comprehensive examination of the structural and functional attributes of lamellipodia and filopodia,shedding light on their pivotal roles in mediating cancer invasion.Navigating through the intricate landscape of cancer biology,the review illuminates the intricate signaling pathways and regulatory mechanisms orchestrating the formation and activity of these protrusions.The discussion extends to the clinical implications of lamellipodia and filopodia,exploring their potential as diagnostic and prognostic markers,and delving into therapeutic strategies that target these structures to impede cancer progression.As we delve into the future,the review outlines emerging technologies and unexplored facets that beckon further research,emphasizing the need for collaborative efforts to unravel the complexities of lamellipodia and filopodia in cancer,ultimately paving the way for innovative therapeutic interventions.展开更多
Kendeng Basin stretches in an E-W direction from the Quaternary Merapi-Ungaran Volcano range in the West to the Madura Strait East of Jawa Timur Province, Indonesia. With Quaternary volcanic deposits covering this bas...Kendeng Basin stretches in an E-W direction from the Quaternary Merapi-Ungaran Volcano range in the West to the Madura Strait East of Jawa Timur Province, Indonesia. With Quaternary volcanic deposits covering this basin, its subsurface configuration has not been accurately identified. Several scholars suggest that its configuration forms an asymmetrical basin deepening to the south as a result of volcanic deposits and extending E-W direction. This paper answers what configuration Kendeng Basin has, including whether it consists of a simple asymmetrical shape as previous studies have interpreted or other patterns due to tectonic processes that took place during its formation. The research employed Gravity and Magnetic method, and the results were processed by spectral and gradient analyses. Both analyses revealed that Kendeng Basin formed Horst-Graben structures extending in an E-W direction based on a response to compression and strain forces during its formation. A structure with an E-W direction controls the shape of the Horst-Graben and is transected by a structural pattern extending in a NE-SW direction or known as the Meratus pattern. These findings provide an alternative to the concept of oil and gas exploration, which, until today, is merely known from the emergence of oil seepages in Kendeng Basin.展开更多
The Kendeng Basin, the major depocenter of the East Java Basin, has been filled with deep-sea clastic volcanic deposits since the Middle Tertiary, which developed into volcanic deposits in the Quaternary. With thick Q...The Kendeng Basin, the major depocenter of the East Java Basin, has been filled with deep-sea clastic volcanic deposits since the Middle Tertiary, which developed into volcanic deposits in the Quaternary. With thick Quaternary volcanic deposits covering almost the entire basin, outcrops are only found in the north, forming a fold-thrust belt structure. The oldest known stratigraphic unit is the early Miocene Pelang Formation, which was deposited in the lower to the upper bathyal zone. Rocks older than the Pelang Formation have not been identified in this basin either from outcrops or drill-hole data. However, the geochemical analysis of oil seepage proves to be different because the oil source rock in Kendeng Basin was interpreted to be of older lithology than the Pelang Formation, indicating a potentially older stratigraphic unit in the Kendeng Basin that has not been revealed to date. Mud volcanoes transported rock material from the Kendeng Basin to the surface, uncovering the stratigraphy that has been an enigma. The material in question includes Nummulites limestones, conglomerates, and quartz sandstones. Paleontological analysis results on rock fragments indicate that they belong to the Middle Eocene age, so they are older than the Pelang Formation. Mud volcano also carried younger limestones to the surface identified as Miocene Age (equivalent with the Pelang Formation), which were deposited in a middle neritic environment, so they provided information that shallow areas possibly formed a horst-graben structure during the Miocene in the Kendeng Basin. The appearance of Eocene and Miocene rock fragments can be used to complement the stratigraphy and it also provides a potentially new concept of source-reservoir rock in the Kendeng Basin.展开更多
This paper discusses the applications of a hybrid multi-agent framework for self-healing applications in an intelligent smart grid system following catastrophic disturbances such as loss of generators or during system...This paper discusses the applications of a hybrid multi-agent framework for self-healing applications in an intelligent smart grid system following catastrophic disturbances such as loss of generators or during system fault.The proposed hybrid multi-agent framework is a hybrid of both centralized and decentralized scheme to allow distributed intelligent agent in the smart grid system to make fast local decision while allowing the slower central controller to judge the effectiveness of the decision made by the local agents and to suggest more optimal solutions.展开更多
This study concerns to the determination of location of freight distribution warehouses. It is part of a series of research projects on a distribution system we developed to deal with cases in a public service obligat...This study concerns to the determination of location of freight distribution warehouses. It is part of a series of research projects on a distribution system we developed to deal with cases in a public service obligation state-owned company (PSO-SOC). This current research is characterized by the consideration of background traffic of the entire time period of planning rather than one certain time target on location model. It is aimed that the location decision to be more applicable and accommodative to the dynamic of the traffic condition. Once the decision is implemented, it will give the best outcome for the entire time period, not only for the initial time, end time or certain time of time period. A heuristic approach is proposed to simplify complexity of the model and network representation technique is applied to solve the model. A hyphotetical example is discussed to illustrate the mechanism of finding the optimal solution in term of both its objective function and applicability.展开更多
The electric industry is being transformed from acentralized network to one that is less centralized andallows more consumer interaction in the form of a smart grid.
This paper discusses the future power system consisting of distributed generations connected to local loads in the form of micro-grid systems.The benefits of having energy storage systems and the role of power electro...This paper discusses the future power system consisting of distributed generations connected to local loads in the form of micro-grid systems.The benefits of having energy storage systems and the role of power electronics in micro-grid systems are presented.This paper also examines how micro-grids have a key role to play in the development of the smart grid.展开更多
In order to ensure the delivery of the subsidized fertilizer to the farmer in “6 precision-goals”, i.e., quantity precision, type precision, time precision, place precision, quality precision and price precision in ...In order to ensure the delivery of the subsidized fertilizer to the farmer in “6 precision-goals”, i.e., quantity precision, type precision, time precision, place precision, quality precision and price precision in accordance to regulated Highest Retail Sale Price, the government has regulated the distribution system of subsidized fertilizer from the plant to the farmers by form of regulation issued by Indonesian Ministry of Trading. The purpose of this research is to evaluate the existing distribution system of subsidized fertilizer which is managed by one of the Public Service Obligation State-Owned Companies (PSO-SOC). The evaluation is carried out by comparing the cost of the existing distribution system with the proposed distribution system. Cost optimization of the proposed system makes use of Mixed Integer Linier Programing (MILP). Optimization is performed by restructuring the cluster and distribution warehouse, allowing through trips from plant directly to distributor’s warehouse, and skipping the producer’s warehouse storing. The proposed cluster restructuring can reduce the existing cost to 94% - 98%, while through trips can reduce the total cost to 61% - 72%. In case where through trips is allowed and producer’s warehouse is in operation and functioned as a buffer, the total cost is reduced to 64% - 78% from the existing cost. Based on the optimization result, it is concluded that the existing subsidized fertilizer distribution system could be improved by allowing through trips, while existing producer’s warehouse is still in operation as the buffer warehouse to ensure that the minimum stock is fulfilled. It is noted, however, that this system requires adequate information technology concurrently.展开更多
During the production of palm oil,a significant amount of waste is generated.However,because of inefficient handling and utilization,these wastes are becoming a larger issue.As a result,one initiative is to use these ...During the production of palm oil,a significant amount of waste is generated.However,because of inefficient handling and utilization,these wastes are becoming a larger issue.As a result,one initiative is to use these wastes in the pavement industry as sustainable materials.However,there is still a lack of understanding about the wider incorporation of palm oil waste in asphalt pavement and its performance.This study examines existing literature on the use of various wastes in the pavement industry,including palm oil clinker(POC),palm oil fibre(POF),palm kernel shell(PKS),and palm oil fuel ash(POFA).As a result,this paper presents a systematic review and scientometric investigation of related study publications on many uses of palm oil waste in the asphalt pavement industry and its performance from 2009 to 2022.The VOS viewer application was used to conduct the sciento-metric study analysis.The relationship between interactions detected in co-authored country studies cited sources of co-citation,and the keyword of the co-occurrence and publication source enabled the identification of the research gap.According to the systematic literature review,40%–60% POC can be used to fine aggregate for optimal performance,while 0–100%PKS can be used to replace coarse aggregate.In addition,50%–80% POFA or POC fine(POCF)can be used as a filler replacement,5%–8% POCF or POFA as a bitumen modifier,and 0.3% POF as a stabilizing additive.Furthermore,the study demonstrates that the safety of utilizing wastes with more than 50% CO_(2) emissions can be curtailed with minimal heavy metal leaching and radioactivity levels.The scientometric analysis may encourage researchers to seek out gaps in the literature that will aid in the long-term,multifaceted use of palm oil wastes in the asphalt pavement industry.Furthermore,the study recommends employing and researching the enormous potential of using palm oil waste in the pavement sectors because they are more sustainable and have better performance.However,there are some barriers to展开更多
文摘The Oligocene-Miocene trajectory exposed at the Lubuk Lawas and Lubuk Bernai Stratigraphic Tracks in Bukit Tigapuluh, Jambi Subbasin, Indonesia, archives remnants of equatorial vegetation during extreme global warming and near the beginning of the East Java-Eurasia microcontinent collision, and was carried out using mapping surface analysis, petrological analysis, sedimentology, stratigraphy and palinology. The rock units were deposited during one sedimentation phase, that is the continental deposition phase, which consists of conglomerates, gravel sandstones and sandstones that fill the basin followed by transgressive deposits associated with the deepening of the basin environment. Three palynozones Meyeripollis naharkotensis (Oligocene), Florschuetzia trilobata (Early Miocene) and Florschuetzia meridionalis (Middle Miocene) were identified stratigraphically on the basis of these pollen. The rock layers are deposits from the Early Oligocene to Middle Miocene from bottom to top. The depositional environment changed over time, passing from a narrow, steep-sided tectonic basin, during the Early to Late Oligocene, followed by a lacustrine basin to a palustine with oceanic influence, as a result of distensive E-W movement between the Jambi Fault and the Sunda Fault in the Late Oligocene to the Middle Miocene. Occurrence of taxonomically highly diverse angiosperm pollen in all three palynozones attests to an extremely rich inland and nearshore tropical flora under a strong seasonal rainfall regime. The climate remained warm and became increasingly humid towards the end of the Miocene. The nature of the environment is related to the dynamics of the opening of the basin opening.
文摘Type 1 hypersensitivity involves an exaggerated immune reaction triggered by allergen exposure,leading to rapid release of inflammatory mediators.Meanwhile,mechanobiology explores how physical forces influence cellular processes,and recent research underscores its relevance in allergic reactions.This review provides a concise overview of Type 1 hypersensitivity,highlighting the pivotal role of mast cells and immunoglobulin E(IgE)antibodies in orchestrating allergic reactions.Recognizing the dynamic nature of cellular responses in allergies,this study subsequently delves into the emerging field of mechanobiology and its significance in understanding the mechanical forces governing immune cell behavior.Furthermore,molecular forces during mast cell activation and degranulation are explored,elucidating the mechanical aspects of IgE binding and cytoskeletal rearrangements.Next,we discuss the intricate interplay between immune cells and the extracellular matrix,emphasizing the impact of matrix stiffness on cellular responses.Additionally,we examine key mechanosensitive signaling pathways,including the mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK)pathway,Rho guanosine triphosphatase(GTPase)and integrin-mediated focal adhesion signaling,shedding light on their contributions to hypersensitivity reactions.This interplay of mechanobiology and Type 1 hypersensitivity provides insights into potential therapeutic targets and biomarkers,paving the way for better clinical management of Type 1 hypersensitivity reactions.
基金the University of Teknologi PETRONAS(UTP),Malaysia,and Ahmadu Bello University,Nigeria,for their vital help and availability of laboratory facilities that allowed this work to be conducted successfully.
文摘The goals of this study are to assess the viability of waste tire-derived char(WTDC)as a sustainable,low-cost fine aggregate surrogate material for asphalt mixtures and to develop the statistically coupled neural network(SCNN)model for predicting volumetric and Marshall properties of asphalt mixtures modified with WTDC.The study is based on experimental data acquired from laboratory volumetric and Marshall properties testing on WTDCmodified asphalt mixtures(WTDC-MAM).The input variables comprised waste tire char content and asphalt binder content.The output variables comprised mixture unit weight,total voids,voids filled with asphalt,Marshall stability,and flow.Statistical coupled neural networks were utilized to predict the volumetric and Marshall properties of asphalt mixtures.For predictive modeling,the SCNN model is employed,incorporating a three-layer neural network and preprocessing techniques to enhance accuracy and reliability.The optimal network architecture,using the collected dataset,was a 2:6:5 structure,and the neural network was trained with 60%of the data,whereas the other 20%was used for cross-validation and testing respectively.The network employed a hyperbolic tangent(tanh)activation function and a feed-forward backpropagation.According to the results,the network model could accurately predict the volumetric and Marshall properties.The predicted accuracy of SCNN was found to be as high value>98%and low prediction errors for both volumetric and Marshall properties.This study demonstrates WTDC's potential as a low-cost,sustainable aggregate replacement.The SCNN-based predictive model proves its efficiency and versatility and promotes sustainable practices.
文摘The dynamic protrusions of lamellipodia and filopodia have emerged as crucial players in tumor progression and metastasis.These membrane structures,governed by intricate actin cytoskeletal rearrangements,facilitate cancer cell migration,invasion,and interaction with the tumor microenvironment.This review provides a comprehensive examination of the structural and functional attributes of lamellipodia and filopodia,shedding light on their pivotal roles in mediating cancer invasion.Navigating through the intricate landscape of cancer biology,the review illuminates the intricate signaling pathways and regulatory mechanisms orchestrating the formation and activity of these protrusions.The discussion extends to the clinical implications of lamellipodia and filopodia,exploring their potential as diagnostic and prognostic markers,and delving into therapeutic strategies that target these structures to impede cancer progression.As we delve into the future,the review outlines emerging technologies and unexplored facets that beckon further research,emphasizing the need for collaborative efforts to unravel the complexities of lamellipodia and filopodia in cancer,ultimately paving the way for innovative therapeutic interventions.
文摘Kendeng Basin stretches in an E-W direction from the Quaternary Merapi-Ungaran Volcano range in the West to the Madura Strait East of Jawa Timur Province, Indonesia. With Quaternary volcanic deposits covering this basin, its subsurface configuration has not been accurately identified. Several scholars suggest that its configuration forms an asymmetrical basin deepening to the south as a result of volcanic deposits and extending E-W direction. This paper answers what configuration Kendeng Basin has, including whether it consists of a simple asymmetrical shape as previous studies have interpreted or other patterns due to tectonic processes that took place during its formation. The research employed Gravity and Magnetic method, and the results were processed by spectral and gradient analyses. Both analyses revealed that Kendeng Basin formed Horst-Graben structures extending in an E-W direction based on a response to compression and strain forces during its formation. A structure with an E-W direction controls the shape of the Horst-Graben and is transected by a structural pattern extending in a NE-SW direction or known as the Meratus pattern. These findings provide an alternative to the concept of oil and gas exploration, which, until today, is merely known from the emergence of oil seepages in Kendeng Basin.
文摘The Kendeng Basin, the major depocenter of the East Java Basin, has been filled with deep-sea clastic volcanic deposits since the Middle Tertiary, which developed into volcanic deposits in the Quaternary. With thick Quaternary volcanic deposits covering almost the entire basin, outcrops are only found in the north, forming a fold-thrust belt structure. The oldest known stratigraphic unit is the early Miocene Pelang Formation, which was deposited in the lower to the upper bathyal zone. Rocks older than the Pelang Formation have not been identified in this basin either from outcrops or drill-hole data. However, the geochemical analysis of oil seepage proves to be different because the oil source rock in Kendeng Basin was interpreted to be of older lithology than the Pelang Formation, indicating a potentially older stratigraphic unit in the Kendeng Basin that has not been revealed to date. Mud volcanoes transported rock material from the Kendeng Basin to the surface, uncovering the stratigraphy that has been an enigma. The material in question includes Nummulites limestones, conglomerates, and quartz sandstones. Paleontological analysis results on rock fragments indicate that they belong to the Middle Eocene age, so they are older than the Pelang Formation. Mud volcano also carried younger limestones to the surface identified as Miocene Age (equivalent with the Pelang Formation), which were deposited in a middle neritic environment, so they provided information that shallow areas possibly formed a horst-graben structure during the Miocene in the Kendeng Basin. The appearance of Eocene and Miocene rock fragments can be used to complement the stratigraphy and it also provides a potentially new concept of source-reservoir rock in the Kendeng Basin.
基金funded by the ARC Linkage Grant LP LP0991428a URC Research Partnerships Grants Scheme, from the University of Wollongong
文摘This paper discusses the applications of a hybrid multi-agent framework for self-healing applications in an intelligent smart grid system following catastrophic disturbances such as loss of generators or during system fault.The proposed hybrid multi-agent framework is a hybrid of both centralized and decentralized scheme to allow distributed intelligent agent in the smart grid system to make fast local decision while allowing the slower central controller to judge the effectiveness of the decision made by the local agents and to suggest more optimal solutions.
文摘This study concerns to the determination of location of freight distribution warehouses. It is part of a series of research projects on a distribution system we developed to deal with cases in a public service obligation state-owned company (PSO-SOC). This current research is characterized by the consideration of background traffic of the entire time period of planning rather than one certain time target on location model. It is aimed that the location decision to be more applicable and accommodative to the dynamic of the traffic condition. Once the decision is implemented, it will give the best outcome for the entire time period, not only for the initial time, end time or certain time of time period. A heuristic approach is proposed to simplify complexity of the model and network representation technique is applied to solve the model. A hyphotetical example is discussed to illustrate the mechanism of finding the optimal solution in term of both its objective function and applicability.
文摘The electric industry is being transformed from acentralized network to one that is less centralized andallows more consumer interaction in the form of a smart grid.
基金funded by the ARC Linkage Grant LP100100618,Country Energy and the University of Wollongong
文摘This paper discusses the future power system consisting of distributed generations connected to local loads in the form of micro-grid systems.The benefits of having energy storage systems and the role of power electronics in micro-grid systems are presented.This paper also examines how micro-grids have a key role to play in the development of the smart grid.
文摘In order to ensure the delivery of the subsidized fertilizer to the farmer in “6 precision-goals”, i.e., quantity precision, type precision, time precision, place precision, quality precision and price precision in accordance to regulated Highest Retail Sale Price, the government has regulated the distribution system of subsidized fertilizer from the plant to the farmers by form of regulation issued by Indonesian Ministry of Trading. The purpose of this research is to evaluate the existing distribution system of subsidized fertilizer which is managed by one of the Public Service Obligation State-Owned Companies (PSO-SOC). The evaluation is carried out by comparing the cost of the existing distribution system with the proposed distribution system. Cost optimization of the proposed system makes use of Mixed Integer Linier Programing (MILP). Optimization is performed by restructuring the cluster and distribution warehouse, allowing through trips from plant directly to distributor’s warehouse, and skipping the producer’s warehouse storing. The proposed cluster restructuring can reduce the existing cost to 94% - 98%, while through trips can reduce the total cost to 61% - 72%. In case where through trips is allowed and producer’s warehouse is in operation and functioned as a buffer, the total cost is reduced to 64% - 78% from the existing cost. Based on the optimization result, it is concluded that the existing subsidized fertilizer distribution system could be improved by allowing through trips, while existing producer’s warehouse is still in operation as the buffer warehouse to ensure that the minimum stock is fulfilled. It is noted, however, that this system requires adequate information technology concurrently.
文摘During the production of palm oil,a significant amount of waste is generated.However,because of inefficient handling and utilization,these wastes are becoming a larger issue.As a result,one initiative is to use these wastes in the pavement industry as sustainable materials.However,there is still a lack of understanding about the wider incorporation of palm oil waste in asphalt pavement and its performance.This study examines existing literature on the use of various wastes in the pavement industry,including palm oil clinker(POC),palm oil fibre(POF),palm kernel shell(PKS),and palm oil fuel ash(POFA).As a result,this paper presents a systematic review and scientometric investigation of related study publications on many uses of palm oil waste in the asphalt pavement industry and its performance from 2009 to 2022.The VOS viewer application was used to conduct the sciento-metric study analysis.The relationship between interactions detected in co-authored country studies cited sources of co-citation,and the keyword of the co-occurrence and publication source enabled the identification of the research gap.According to the systematic literature review,40%–60% POC can be used to fine aggregate for optimal performance,while 0–100%PKS can be used to replace coarse aggregate.In addition,50%–80% POFA or POC fine(POCF)can be used as a filler replacement,5%–8% POCF or POFA as a bitumen modifier,and 0.3% POF as a stabilizing additive.Furthermore,the study demonstrates that the safety of utilizing wastes with more than 50% CO_(2) emissions can be curtailed with minimal heavy metal leaching and radioactivity levels.The scientometric analysis may encourage researchers to seek out gaps in the literature that will aid in the long-term,multifaceted use of palm oil wastes in the asphalt pavement industry.Furthermore,the study recommends employing and researching the enormous potential of using palm oil waste in the pavement sectors because they are more sustainable and have better performance.However,there are some barriers to
