Oily water treatment has attracted the attention of many researchers. The development of effective and cheap oil/water separation materials is urgent for treating this problem. Herein, inspired by superhydrophobic typ...Oily water treatment has attracted the attention of many researchers. The development of effective and cheap oil/water separation materials is urgent for treating this problem. Herein, inspired by superhydrophobic typical plant leaves such as lotus, red rose and marigold, superhydrophobic and superoleophilic copper mesh was fabricated by etching and then surface modi- fication with 1-dodecanethiol （HS（CH2）IlCH3）. A rough silver layer is formed on the mesh surface after immersion. The ob- tained mesh surface exhibits superhydrophobicity and superoleophilicity and the static water contact angle was 153~ ＋ 3~. In addition, the as-prepared copper mesh shows self-cleaning character with water and chemical stability. The as-prepared copper foam can easily remove the organic solvents either on water or underwater. We demonstrate that by using the as-prepared mesh, oils can be absorbed and separated, and that high separation efficiencies of larger than 92% are retained for various oils. Thus, such superhydrophobic and superoleophilic copper mesh is a very promising material for the application ofoil spill cleanup and industrial oily wastewater treatment.展开更多
Testicular cancer survival rates improved dramatically after cisplatin-based therapy was introduced in the 1970s. However, chemotherapy and radiation therapy are potentially carcinogenic. The purpose of this study was...Testicular cancer survival rates improved dramatically after cisplatin-based therapy was introduced in the 1970s. However, chemotherapy and radiation therapy are potentially carcinogenic. The purpose of this study was to estimate the risk of developing second primary cancers including the risk associated with primary histologic type （seminoma and non-seminoma） among testicular cancer survivors in Germany. We identified 16 990 and 1401 cases of testicular cancer in population-based cancer registries of East Germany （1961-1989 and 1996-2008） and Saarland （a federal state in West Germany; 1970-2008）, respectively. We estimated the risk of a second primary cancer using standardized incidence ratios （SIRs） with 95% confidence intervals （95% Cls）. To determine trends, we plotted model-based estimated annual SIRs. In East Germany, a total of 301 second primary cancers of any location were observed between 1961 and 1989 （SIR： 1.9; 95% Ch 1.7-2.1）, and 159 cancers （any location） were observed between 1996 and 2008 （SIR： 1.7; 95% Ch 1.4-2.0）. The SIRs for contralateral testicular cancer were increased in the registries with a range from 6.0 in Saarland to 13.9 in East Germany. The SIR for seminoma, in particular, was higher in East Germany compared to the other registries. We observed constant trends in the model-based SIRs for contralateral testicular cancers. The majority of reported SIRs of other cancer sites including histology-specific risks showed low precisions of estimated effects, likely due to small sample sizes. Testicular cancer patients are at increased risk especially for cancers of the contralateral testis and should receive intensive follow-ups.展开更多
Worldwide,gastric cancer(GC)is the fifth most commonly diagnosed malignancy.It has a reduced prevalence but has maintained its poor prognosis being the fourth leading cause of deaths related to cancer.The highest mort...Worldwide,gastric cancer(GC)is the fifth most commonly diagnosed malignancy.It has a reduced prevalence but has maintained its poor prognosis being the fourth leading cause of deaths related to cancer.The highest mortality rates occur in Asian and Latin American countries,where cases are usually diagnosed at advanced stages.Overall,GC is viewed as the consequence of a multifactorial process,involving the virulence of the Helicobacter pylori(H.pylori)strains,as well as some environmental factors,dietary habits,and host intrinsic factors.The tumor microenvironment in GC appears to be chronically inflamed which promotes tumor progression and reduces the therapeutic opportunities.It has been suggested that inflammation assessment needs to be measured qualitatively and quantitatively,considering cell-infiltration types,availability of receptors to detect damage and pathogens,and presence or absence of aggressive H.pylori strains.Gastrointestinal epithelial cells express several Toll-like receptors and determine the first defensive line against pathogens,and have been also described as mediators of tumorigenesis.However,other molecules,such as cytokines related to inflammation and innate immunity,including immune checkpoint molecules,interferon-gamma pathway and NETosis have been associated with an increased risk of GC.Therefore,this review will explore innate immune activation in the context of premalignant lesions of the gastric epithelium and established gastric tumors.展开更多
基金The authors thank the National Natural Science Foundation of China （Nos. 51475200 and 51325501）, Science and Technology Development Project of Jilin Province （No.20160204005SF and 20150519007JH） and 111 project （B16020） of China.
文摘Oily water treatment has attracted the attention of many researchers. The development of effective and cheap oil/water separation materials is urgent for treating this problem. Herein, inspired by superhydrophobic typical plant leaves such as lotus, red rose and marigold, superhydrophobic and superoleophilic copper mesh was fabricated by etching and then surface modi- fication with 1-dodecanethiol （HS（CH2）IlCH3）. A rough silver layer is formed on the mesh surface after immersion. The ob- tained mesh surface exhibits superhydrophobicity and superoleophilicity and the static water contact angle was 153~ ＋ 3~. In addition, the as-prepared copper mesh shows self-cleaning character with water and chemical stability. The as-prepared copper foam can easily remove the organic solvents either on water or underwater. We demonstrate that by using the as-prepared mesh, oils can be absorbed and separated, and that high separation efficiencies of larger than 92% are retained for various oils. Thus, such superhydrophobic and superoleophilic copper mesh is a very promising material for the application ofoil spill cleanup and industrial oily wastewater treatment.
文摘Testicular cancer survival rates improved dramatically after cisplatin-based therapy was introduced in the 1970s. However, chemotherapy and radiation therapy are potentially carcinogenic. The purpose of this study was to estimate the risk of developing second primary cancers including the risk associated with primary histologic type （seminoma and non-seminoma） among testicular cancer survivors in Germany. We identified 16 990 and 1401 cases of testicular cancer in population-based cancer registries of East Germany （1961-1989 and 1996-2008） and Saarland （a federal state in West Germany; 1970-2008）, respectively. We estimated the risk of a second primary cancer using standardized incidence ratios （SIRs） with 95% confidence intervals （95% Cls）. To determine trends, we plotted model-based estimated annual SIRs. In East Germany, a total of 301 second primary cancers of any location were observed between 1961 and 1989 （SIR： 1.9; 95% Ch 1.7-2.1）, and 159 cancers （any location） were observed between 1996 and 2008 （SIR： 1.7; 95% Ch 1.4-2.0）. The SIRs for contralateral testicular cancer were increased in the registries with a range from 6.0 in Saarland to 13.9 in East Germany. The SIR for seminoma, in particular, was higher in East Germany compared to the other registries. We observed constant trends in the model-based SIRs for contralateral testicular cancers. The majority of reported SIRs of other cancer sites including histology-specific risks showed low precisions of estimated effects, likely due to small sample sizes. Testicular cancer patients are at increased risk especially for cancers of the contralateral testis and should receive intensive follow-ups.
基金Instituto Oncológico Fundación Arturo López Pérez,Santiago,ChileNational Research and Development Agency of Chile (ANID)National Fund for Scientific and Technological Development (FONDECYT),No.1221415 (to Villarroel-Espindola F)
文摘Worldwide,gastric cancer(GC)is the fifth most commonly diagnosed malignancy.It has a reduced prevalence but has maintained its poor prognosis being the fourth leading cause of deaths related to cancer.The highest mortality rates occur in Asian and Latin American countries,where cases are usually diagnosed at advanced stages.Overall,GC is viewed as the consequence of a multifactorial process,involving the virulence of the Helicobacter pylori(H.pylori)strains,as well as some environmental factors,dietary habits,and host intrinsic factors.The tumor microenvironment in GC appears to be chronically inflamed which promotes tumor progression and reduces the therapeutic opportunities.It has been suggested that inflammation assessment needs to be measured qualitatively and quantitatively,considering cell-infiltration types,availability of receptors to detect damage and pathogens,and presence or absence of aggressive H.pylori strains.Gastrointestinal epithelial cells express several Toll-like receptors and determine the first defensive line against pathogens,and have been also described as mediators of tumorigenesis.However,other molecules,such as cytokines related to inflammation and innate immunity,including immune checkpoint molecules,interferon-gamma pathway and NETosis have been associated with an increased risk of GC.Therefore,this review will explore innate immune activation in the context of premalignant lesions of the gastric epithelium and established gastric tumors.
