In 2018,the STAR collaboration collected data from^(96)_(44)Ru+^(96)_(44)Ru and^(96)_(40)Zr+^(96)_(40)Zr at√^(S)NN=200 Ge V to search for the presence of the chiral magnetic effect in collisions of nuclei.The isobar ...In 2018,the STAR collaboration collected data from^(96)_(44)Ru+^(96)_(44)Ru and^(96)_(40)Zr+^(96)_(40)Zr at√^(S)NN=200 Ge V to search for the presence of the chiral magnetic effect in collisions of nuclei.The isobar collision species alternated frequently between 9644 Ru+^(96)_(44)Ru and^(96)_(40)Zr+^(96)_(40)Zr.In order to conduct blind analyses of studies related to the chiral magnetic effect in these isobar data,STAR developed a three-step blind analysis procedure.Analysts are initially provided a"reference sample"of data,comprised of a mix of events from the two species,the order of which respects time-dependent changes in run conditions.After tuning analysis codes and performing time-dependent quality assurance on the reference sample,analysts are provided a species-blind sample suitable for calculating efficiencies and corrections for individual≈30-min data-taking runs.For this sample,species-specific information is disguised,but individual output files contain data from a single isobar species.Only run-by-run corrections and code alteration subsequent to these corrections are allowed at this stage.Following these modifications,the"frozen"code is passed over the fully un-blind data,completing the blind analysis.As a check of the feasibility of the blind analysis procedure,analysts completed a"mock data challenge,"analyzing data from Au+Au collisions at√^(S)NN=27 Ge V,collected in 2018.The Au+Au data were prepared in the same manner intended for the isobar blind data.The details of the blind analysis procedure and results from the mock data challenge are presented.展开更多
The aim of the study was to test the interaction between Thr and Gly in low crude protein(CP)diets in 7 to 28 d broilers on production performance and plasma metabolites.A total of 2,040 broilers were allocated to 17 ...The aim of the study was to test the interaction between Thr and Gly in low crude protein(CP)diets in 7 to 28 d broilers on production performance and plasma metabolites.A total of 2,040 broilers were allocated to 17 treatments.A positive control(PC)diet(20.5%CP)was formulated to be adequate in dietary Thr and Gly.A negative control(NC)diet(18.5%CP,deficient in Thr and Gly)was supplemented with crystalline L-Thr and Gly to obtain a 4 Thr×4 Gly design.Dietary Thr was tested at an apparent faecal digestibility(AFD)Thr-to-Lys ratio,which was 55%,58%,61%or 64%,and dietary Gly was tested at an AFD(Gly+Ser)-to-Lys ratio,which was 135%,142%,149%or 156%.Plasma samples were collected at 28 d.The low CP diet,formulated at 64%Thr and 156%Gly,resulted in a higher body weight gain(BWG)(P<0.01)and similar feed conversion ratio(FCR)as the high CP treatment(PC).FCR was improved(P<0.001)by L-Thr supplementation.Quadratic response to dietary Thr was significant for feed intake(FI),BWG and FCR(P<0.01).A near-significant interaction for Thr×Gly was observed for FI and BWG(Plinear=0.091 and P=0.074,respectively).Gly did not affect production performance.An interaction between Thr×Gly on plasma free AA level was observed(P<0.05).Free AA concentration in plasma linearly decreased with increase in AFD Thr-to-Lys ratio,and increased with increase in AFD(Gly+Ser)-to-Lys ratio.Plasma uric acid concentration was higher in PC than in all of the other diets,and plasma triglyceride concentration was decreased by L-Thr supplementation,but not by Gly.In conclusion,Gly was not limiting for growth at low dietary CP level unless Thr was deficient,showing that adequate amounts of Thr in broiler diets can overcome marginal supply of Gly and Ser and allow reduction of dietary CP from 20.5%to 18.5%for broilers from 7 to 28 d of age.展开更多
Nucleotide compounds like sofosbuvir,acyclovir,and tenofovir have proven to be amongst the most potent orally available antiviral treatments.These drugs exhibit high efficacy and a wide therapeutic index,with demonstr...Nucleotide compounds like sofosbuvir,acyclovir,and tenofovir have proven to be amongst the most potent orally available antiviral treatments.These drugs exhibit high efficacy and a wide therapeutic index,with demonstrated utility in a number of chronic viral infections.The approval of SovaldiTM,brand name for sofosbuvir,by the U.S.Food and Drug Administration heralded improvements in chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) treatment.Sofosbuvir was originally discovered by Pharmasset Corporation and named PSI-7977.It was subsequently acquired and advanced through phase 3 development by Gilead Sciences,Inc.In Sofosbuvir both a unique pharmacology and a high specificity for the HCV ribonucleic acid polymerase are present in a molecule that is well tolerated and highly efficacious.Phase 2 and 3 clinical trials have consistently demonstrated durable and high rates of sustained virologic response (SVR),curing patients in excess of 80% in all genotypes and >90% in treatment-na(i)ve subjects being administered combination therapy with other agents.Harvoni~ is the combination of sofosbuvir and the NS5A inhibitor ledipasvir in a fixed-dose oral tablet,and it has demonstrated high SVR rates in patients infected with HCV genotype 1,without the need for exogenous interferon and/or ribavirin.Here,we discuss the discovery,development,pharmacologic characterization,and results from the phase 3 trials of sofosbuvir.Hepatitis C is a chronic disease,for which most patients have been undiagnosed,are unwilling to start treatment,or are ineligible for treatment because of the high toxicity and low efficacy of interferon and ribavirin-based therapy.Clinical studies with sofosbuvir have demonstrated significant improvement over the prior standard of care,thus ushering in a new paradigm of HCV treatment and an update of treatment guidelines.展开更多
Study of forming mechanism of "chimney-effect" (CE) has important significance for basic theory and applications of non-seismic geophysical and geochemical methods locating oil/gas reservoirs. The theoretica...Study of forming mechanism of "chimney-effect" (CE) has important significance for basic theory and applications of non-seismic geophysical and geochemical methods locating oil/gas reservoirs. The theoretical basis of comprehensive evaluation of mechanism of CE using principles of magnetism, geochemistry and mineralogy has been reviewed, with the problems to be solved: (ⅰ) study for the relationship between process of oil/gas migration and geochemical field; (ⅱ) analysis of genesis of magnetic, geochemical and mineralogical anomaly; (ⅲ) interpretation of surface soil magnetism and geochemical anomaly combined with seismic data.展开更多
针对无规律变化的光源光束点和手动调束费时费力问题,本文实现了基于实验物理及工业控制系统(Experimental Physics and Industrial Control System,EPICS)的同步辐射光束线智能优化调束。该系统基于差分进化算法,建立光束线智能优化模...针对无规律变化的光源光束点和手动调束费时费力问题,本文实现了基于实验物理及工业控制系统(Experimental Physics and Industrial Control System,EPICS)的同步辐射光束线智能优化调束。该系统基于差分进化算法,建立光束线智能优化模型,应用LabVIEW程序实现调束过程的自动优化。系统可以自由选择待优化的电机及其搜索范围,设置算法参数,跟踪进化进程,通过CaLab接口模块与光束线EPICS软件平台进行通信,控制电机运动。对该系统在上海光源衍射线站进行了在线测试,首次成功地在EPICS控制平台上实现了光束线的智能调束优化。测试结果表明:该智能调束系统能够较快地收敛于最优解,收敛时间大约30 min,较手动优化效率提高一个数量级以上。展开更多
Integration of geophysical and hydrogeochemical methods has been scientifically proven to be useful in vulnerability study and groundwater characterization.Subsurface geoelectric parameters such as resistivity and thi...Integration of geophysical and hydrogeochemical methods has been scientifically proven to be useful in vulnerability study and groundwater characterization.Subsurface geoelectric parameters such as resistivity and thickness obtained from geophysical method(Vertical Electrical Sounding VES)was used to determine aquifers vulnerability,longitudinal resistance(ρL)and transverse unit resistance(Rt).Thirty four water samples were collected from groundwater sources for physicochemical analysis.Estimated results from longitudinal conductance(S),(Rt)and(ρL)showed that the values ranges from 0.03 to 2.5mhos,103.64 to 1964417.8Ω/m^(2) and 215.41 to 65731.68Ω-m respectively.Result from S suggested that 50%of groundwater is considered to be vulnerable to contamination from the earth surface,while the remaining 50%is considered to be slightly vulnerable to surface contamination.Further findings obtained from hydrogeochemical analysis such as Gibb’s and Chadba plots revealed that groundwater is highly influenced by rock water interaction,groundwater is classified to be Na^(+)+HCO_(3)^(-),Ca^(2+)+Mg^(2+)+HCO_(3)^(-),Na^(+)+Cl^(-)and Ca^(2+)+Mg^(2+)+Cl^(-)water type.Deduction from Soltan classification suggested that groundwater is classified to be of Na^(+)+HCO_(3)^(-) and Na^(+)-SO_(4)^(2-) water type.Results obtained from Ec and pH suggested that the values were below WHO permissible limit,while result obtained from TDS showed that at some sampling points TDS values were above WHO limit.Based on pH value obtained groundwater within the study area fell within slightly basic to acidic.展开更多
BACKGROUND Hemiarthroplasty(HA)has traditionally been the treatment of choice for elderly patients with displaced femoral neck fractures.Ideal treatment for younger,ambulatory patients is not as clear.Total hip arthro...BACKGROUND Hemiarthroplasty(HA)has traditionally been the treatment of choice for elderly patients with displaced femoral neck fractures.Ideal treatment for younger,ambulatory patients is not as clear.Total hip arthroplasty(THA)has been increasingly utilized in this population however the factors associated with undergoing HA or THA have not been fully elucidated.AIM To examine what patient characteristics are associated with undergoing THA or HA.To determine if outcomes differ between the groups.METHODS We queried the Nationwide Inpatient Sample(NIS)for patients that underwent HA or THA for a femoral neck fracture between 2005 and 2014.The NIS comprises a large representative sample of inpatient hospitalizations in the United States.International Classifications of Disease,Ninth Edition(ICD-9)codes were used to identify patients in our sample.Demographic variables,hospital characteristics,payer status,medical comorbidities and mortality rates were compared between the two procedures.Multivariate logistic regression analysis was then performed to identify independent risk factors of treatment utilized.RESULTS Of the total 502060 patients who were treated for femoral neck fracture,51568(10.3%)underwent THA and the incidence of THA rose from 8.3%to 13.7%.Private insurance accounted for a higher percentage of THA than hemiarthroplasty.THA increased most in urban teaching hospitals relative to urban non-teaching hospitals.Mean length of stay(LOS)was longer for HA.The mean charges were less for HA,however charges decreased steadily for both groups.HA had a higher mortality rate,however,after adjusting for age and comorbidities HA was not an independent risk factor for mortality.Interestingly,private insurance was an independent predictor for treatment with THA.CONLUSION There has been an increase in the use of THA for the treatment of femoral neck fractures in the United States,most notably in urban hospitals.HA and THA are decreasing in total charges and LOS.展开更多
Ductile fracture generally relates to microscopic voiding and to strain localization in metallic materials.When the void size is reduced to the nanoscale,size effects often lead to a different macroscopic plastic beha...Ductile fracture generally relates to microscopic voiding and to strain localization in metallic materials.When the void size is reduced to the nanoscale,size effects often lead to a different macroscopic plastic behavior from that established for the same material with larger voids.For example,irradiation of metallic materials can generate a large number of voids at the nanoscale,leading to complex deformation behaviors.The present work advances the understanding of strain localization in nanoporous metallic materials,connecting both the microscopic(nano-)and macroscopic scales.To explore the physical mechanisms at the nanoscale,molecular dynamics(MD)simulations were here carried out,capturing multiple nanovoids explicitly.Then,a homogenized continuum theory based in Gurson's constitutive framework is proposed,which enables us to explore how localized behavior at the macroscopic scale evolves.The homogenized model incorporates the surface tension associated with nanosized void.The importance of this surface tension is illustrated by several parametric studies on the conditions of localization,when a specimen is subjected to uniaxial tension.Our parametric studies show that for smaller nanovoid sizes,and for a hardening matrix material,shear localization onset is delayed.Our proposed homogenization model was then used to predict localization behavior captured by our MD simulation.The yield stress and the localization strain predicted by our continuum model are in general agreement with the trends obtained by MD simulation.Moreover,based on our present study,experimental results of shear failure strain vs.dose of irradiation for several metals could be qualitatively explained rather successfully.Our model can therefore help shed light on prolonging the operation limits and the lifetime of irradiated metallic materials under complex loading conditions.展开更多
Routing algorithms based on geographical location is an important research subject in the Wireless Sensor Network(WSN).They use location information to guide routing discovery and maintenance as well as packet forward...Routing algorithms based on geographical location is an important research subject in the Wireless Sensor Network(WSN).They use location information to guide routing discovery and maintenance as well as packet forwarding,thus enabling the best routing to be selected,reducing energy consumption and optimizing the whole network.Through three aspects involving the flooding restriction scheme,the virtual area partition scheme and the best routing choice scheme,the importance of location information is seen in the routing algorithm.展开更多
文摘In 2018,the STAR collaboration collected data from^(96)_(44)Ru+^(96)_(44)Ru and^(96)_(40)Zr+^(96)_(40)Zr at√^(S)NN=200 Ge V to search for the presence of the chiral magnetic effect in collisions of nuclei.The isobar collision species alternated frequently between 9644 Ru+^(96)_(44)Ru and^(96)_(40)Zr+^(96)_(40)Zr.In order to conduct blind analyses of studies related to the chiral magnetic effect in these isobar data,STAR developed a three-step blind analysis procedure.Analysts are initially provided a"reference sample"of data,comprised of a mix of events from the two species,the order of which respects time-dependent changes in run conditions.After tuning analysis codes and performing time-dependent quality assurance on the reference sample,analysts are provided a species-blind sample suitable for calculating efficiencies and corrections for individual≈30-min data-taking runs.For this sample,species-specific information is disguised,but individual output files contain data from a single isobar species.Only run-by-run corrections and code alteration subsequent to these corrections are allowed at this stage.Following these modifications,the"frozen"code is passed over the fully un-blind data,completing the blind analysis.As a check of the feasibility of the blind analysis procedure,analysts completed a"mock data challenge,"analyzing data from Au+Au collisions at√^(S)NN=27 Ge V,collected in 2018.The Au+Au data were prepared in the same manner intended for the isobar blind data.The details of the blind analysis procedure and results from the mock data challenge are presented.
文摘The aim of the study was to test the interaction between Thr and Gly in low crude protein(CP)diets in 7 to 28 d broilers on production performance and plasma metabolites.A total of 2,040 broilers were allocated to 17 treatments.A positive control(PC)diet(20.5%CP)was formulated to be adequate in dietary Thr and Gly.A negative control(NC)diet(18.5%CP,deficient in Thr and Gly)was supplemented with crystalline L-Thr and Gly to obtain a 4 Thr×4 Gly design.Dietary Thr was tested at an apparent faecal digestibility(AFD)Thr-to-Lys ratio,which was 55%,58%,61%or 64%,and dietary Gly was tested at an AFD(Gly+Ser)-to-Lys ratio,which was 135%,142%,149%or 156%.Plasma samples were collected at 28 d.The low CP diet,formulated at 64%Thr and 156%Gly,resulted in a higher body weight gain(BWG)(P<0.01)and similar feed conversion ratio(FCR)as the high CP treatment(PC).FCR was improved(P<0.001)by L-Thr supplementation.Quadratic response to dietary Thr was significant for feed intake(FI),BWG and FCR(P<0.01).A near-significant interaction for Thr×Gly was observed for FI and BWG(Plinear=0.091 and P=0.074,respectively).Gly did not affect production performance.An interaction between Thr×Gly on plasma free AA level was observed(P<0.05).Free AA concentration in plasma linearly decreased with increase in AFD Thr-to-Lys ratio,and increased with increase in AFD(Gly+Ser)-to-Lys ratio.Plasma uric acid concentration was higher in PC than in all of the other diets,and plasma triglyceride concentration was decreased by L-Thr supplementation,but not by Gly.In conclusion,Gly was not limiting for growth at low dietary CP level unless Thr was deficient,showing that adequate amounts of Thr in broiler diets can overcome marginal supply of Gly and Ser and allow reduction of dietary CP from 20.5%to 18.5%for broilers from 7 to 28 d of age.
文摘Nucleotide compounds like sofosbuvir,acyclovir,and tenofovir have proven to be amongst the most potent orally available antiviral treatments.These drugs exhibit high efficacy and a wide therapeutic index,with demonstrated utility in a number of chronic viral infections.The approval of SovaldiTM,brand name for sofosbuvir,by the U.S.Food and Drug Administration heralded improvements in chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) treatment.Sofosbuvir was originally discovered by Pharmasset Corporation and named PSI-7977.It was subsequently acquired and advanced through phase 3 development by Gilead Sciences,Inc.In Sofosbuvir both a unique pharmacology and a high specificity for the HCV ribonucleic acid polymerase are present in a molecule that is well tolerated and highly efficacious.Phase 2 and 3 clinical trials have consistently demonstrated durable and high rates of sustained virologic response (SVR),curing patients in excess of 80% in all genotypes and >90% in treatment-na(i)ve subjects being administered combination therapy with other agents.Harvoni~ is the combination of sofosbuvir and the NS5A inhibitor ledipasvir in a fixed-dose oral tablet,and it has demonstrated high SVR rates in patients infected with HCV genotype 1,without the need for exogenous interferon and/or ribavirin.Here,we discuss the discovery,development,pharmacologic characterization,and results from the phase 3 trials of sofosbuvir.Hepatitis C is a chronic disease,for which most patients have been undiagnosed,are unwilling to start treatment,or are ineligible for treatment because of the high toxicity and low efficacy of interferon and ribavirin-based therapy.Clinical studies with sofosbuvir have demonstrated significant improvement over the prior standard of care,thus ushering in a new paradigm of HCV treatment and an update of treatment guidelines.
基金supported by the Science and Engineering Research Council through Grant(152-70-00017)Use of Computing Resources at the A*STAR Computational Resource Centre and National Supercomputer Centre,Singapore
文摘Study of forming mechanism of "chimney-effect" (CE) has important significance for basic theory and applications of non-seismic geophysical and geochemical methods locating oil/gas reservoirs. The theoretical basis of comprehensive evaluation of mechanism of CE using principles of magnetism, geochemistry and mineralogy has been reviewed, with the problems to be solved: (ⅰ) study for the relationship between process of oil/gas migration and geochemical field; (ⅱ) analysis of genesis of magnetic, geochemical and mineralogical anomaly; (ⅲ) interpretation of surface soil magnetism and geochemical anomaly combined with seismic data.
文摘针对无规律变化的光源光束点和手动调束费时费力问题,本文实现了基于实验物理及工业控制系统(Experimental Physics and Industrial Control System,EPICS)的同步辐射光束线智能优化调束。该系统基于差分进化算法,建立光束线智能优化模型,应用LabVIEW程序实现调束过程的自动优化。系统可以自由选择待优化的电机及其搜索范围,设置算法参数,跟踪进化进程,通过CaLab接口模块与光束线EPICS软件平台进行通信,控制电机运动。对该系统在上海光源衍射线站进行了在线测试,首次成功地在EPICS控制平台上实现了光束线的智能调束优化。测试结果表明:该智能调束系统能够较快地收敛于最优解,收敛时间大约30 min,较手动优化效率提高一个数量级以上。
文摘Integration of geophysical and hydrogeochemical methods has been scientifically proven to be useful in vulnerability study and groundwater characterization.Subsurface geoelectric parameters such as resistivity and thickness obtained from geophysical method(Vertical Electrical Sounding VES)was used to determine aquifers vulnerability,longitudinal resistance(ρL)and transverse unit resistance(Rt).Thirty four water samples were collected from groundwater sources for physicochemical analysis.Estimated results from longitudinal conductance(S),(Rt)and(ρL)showed that the values ranges from 0.03 to 2.5mhos,103.64 to 1964417.8Ω/m^(2) and 215.41 to 65731.68Ω-m respectively.Result from S suggested that 50%of groundwater is considered to be vulnerable to contamination from the earth surface,while the remaining 50%is considered to be slightly vulnerable to surface contamination.Further findings obtained from hydrogeochemical analysis such as Gibb’s and Chadba plots revealed that groundwater is highly influenced by rock water interaction,groundwater is classified to be Na^(+)+HCO_(3)^(-),Ca^(2+)+Mg^(2+)+HCO_(3)^(-),Na^(+)+Cl^(-)and Ca^(2+)+Mg^(2+)+Cl^(-)water type.Deduction from Soltan classification suggested that groundwater is classified to be of Na^(+)+HCO_(3)^(-) and Na^(+)-SO_(4)^(2-) water type.Results obtained from Ec and pH suggested that the values were below WHO permissible limit,while result obtained from TDS showed that at some sampling points TDS values were above WHO limit.Based on pH value obtained groundwater within the study area fell within slightly basic to acidic.
文摘BACKGROUND Hemiarthroplasty(HA)has traditionally been the treatment of choice for elderly patients with displaced femoral neck fractures.Ideal treatment for younger,ambulatory patients is not as clear.Total hip arthroplasty(THA)has been increasingly utilized in this population however the factors associated with undergoing HA or THA have not been fully elucidated.AIM To examine what patient characteristics are associated with undergoing THA or HA.To determine if outcomes differ between the groups.METHODS We queried the Nationwide Inpatient Sample(NIS)for patients that underwent HA or THA for a femoral neck fracture between 2005 and 2014.The NIS comprises a large representative sample of inpatient hospitalizations in the United States.International Classifications of Disease,Ninth Edition(ICD-9)codes were used to identify patients in our sample.Demographic variables,hospital characteristics,payer status,medical comorbidities and mortality rates were compared between the two procedures.Multivariate logistic regression analysis was then performed to identify independent risk factors of treatment utilized.RESULTS Of the total 502060 patients who were treated for femoral neck fracture,51568(10.3%)underwent THA and the incidence of THA rose from 8.3%to 13.7%.Private insurance accounted for a higher percentage of THA than hemiarthroplasty.THA increased most in urban teaching hospitals relative to urban non-teaching hospitals.Mean length of stay(LOS)was longer for HA.The mean charges were less for HA,however charges decreased steadily for both groups.HA had a higher mortality rate,however,after adjusting for age and comorbidities HA was not an independent risk factor for mortality.Interestingly,private insurance was an independent predictor for treatment with THA.CONLUSION There has been an increase in the use of THA for the treatment of femoral neck fractures in the United States,most notably in urban hospitals.HA and THA are decreasing in total charges and LOS.
基金the support from National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.11872139)Nian Zhou appreciates the supportfrom Guizhou Provincial Departmentof Education(Grant No.KY[2021]255).
文摘Ductile fracture generally relates to microscopic voiding and to strain localization in metallic materials.When the void size is reduced to the nanoscale,size effects often lead to a different macroscopic plastic behavior from that established for the same material with larger voids.For example,irradiation of metallic materials can generate a large number of voids at the nanoscale,leading to complex deformation behaviors.The present work advances the understanding of strain localization in nanoporous metallic materials,connecting both the microscopic(nano-)and macroscopic scales.To explore the physical mechanisms at the nanoscale,molecular dynamics(MD)simulations were here carried out,capturing multiple nanovoids explicitly.Then,a homogenized continuum theory based in Gurson's constitutive framework is proposed,which enables us to explore how localized behavior at the macroscopic scale evolves.The homogenized model incorporates the surface tension associated with nanosized void.The importance of this surface tension is illustrated by several parametric studies on the conditions of localization,when a specimen is subjected to uniaxial tension.Our parametric studies show that for smaller nanovoid sizes,and for a hardening matrix material,shear localization onset is delayed.Our proposed homogenization model was then used to predict localization behavior captured by our MD simulation.The yield stress and the localization strain predicted by our continuum model are in general agreement with the trends obtained by MD simulation.Moreover,based on our present study,experimental results of shear failure strain vs.dose of irradiation for several metals could be qualitatively explained rather successfully.Our model can therefore help shed light on prolonging the operation limits and the lifetime of irradiated metallic materials under complex loading conditions.
文摘Routing algorithms based on geographical location is an important research subject in the Wireless Sensor Network(WSN).They use location information to guide routing discovery and maintenance as well as packet forwarding,thus enabling the best routing to be selected,reducing energy consumption and optimizing the whole network.Through three aspects involving the flooding restriction scheme,the virtual area partition scheme and the best routing choice scheme,the importance of location information is seen in the routing algorithm.
