Flooding is now an annual occurring event in Donga Town especially after heavy rainstorm which is further worsened by the nature of the topography of the area. The knowledge of how the public view flooding is consider...Flooding is now an annual occurring event in Donga Town especially after heavy rainstorm which is further worsened by the nature of the topography of the area. The knowledge of how the public view flooding is considered a crucial aspect in modern flood management as it steers the development of effective and efficient flood mitigation strategies. This study therefore assessed public perception of flooding in Donga town. Two wards were purposively drawn out of ten wards (Gata Aure and Fada ward). The survey design method was employed in this study. Yamane (1967) method of sample size determination was used to arrive at a sample size of 130 for the study. Systematic random sampling was used in the administration of 130 questionnaires to respondents. Non parametric statistics of Spear Man rank correlation and descriptive statistics (percentages, tables, pie and bar charts) were used to analyze the data. The result of the findings showed that 95% of the respondents were male, 88.4% of the respondents were aware that the area was prone to flooding. Also, about 46.2% perceived that rainfall was the major cause of flooding in the study area. Correlation analysis result was insignificant which implied that in Donga town, educational level of respondents did not influence respondent’s awareness level of flooding and that people’s perception of flooding was influenced by factors other than respondent’s literacy level. The conclusion from the study is that rainfall intensity and amount is the main cause of flooding in Donga town and also individual’s response to flooding in the study area is poor. This study recommends the need to educate the people living in the flood plain on the dangers of continuous occupation of the area.展开更多
Introduction: For tracheal stenosis, tracheal resection and anastomosis is widely considered the treatment of choice. However, this surgical approach is not feasible when the glottis and subglottis are involved or in ...Introduction: For tracheal stenosis, tracheal resection and anastomosis is widely considered the treatment of choice. However, this surgical approach is not feasible when the glottis and subglottis are involved or in patients with a poor general condition and tracheal stents are a plausible means of providing a permanent or temporary airway opening. Objectives: Evaluate the features and the results of patients with Montgomery T-tube in tracheal stenosis. Methods: Fifteen patients with Myer-Cotton grades 2-3 circular cicatricial tracheal stenosis who received a Montgomery T-tube between 2002-2011 were analyzed in terms of age, gender, etiology, duration of intubation, location and size of the stenotic segment on computed tomography(CT), follow-up time with the T-tube, the complications that occurred after T-tube removed and additional tracheal surgery. Conclusion: A T-tube can be applied in tracheal stenosis at the first treatment before attempting surgery. The patients should be closely followed-up due to the possibility of re-stenosis and other complications.展开更多
Hand dug well water remains the major source of domestic (drinking) water in the city of Wukari. This study was aimed at the assessment of heavy metal concentration in hand dug well water from four land uses of abatto...Hand dug well water remains the major source of domestic (drinking) water in the city of Wukari. This study was aimed at the assessment of heavy metal concentration in hand dug well water from four land uses of abattoir (A), waste dump site (B), residential (C) and commercial (D) in Wukari Town, Wukari, Taraba State. There are about 76 hand dug wells in the study area and for the purpose of this study. Yamane (1967) sample size technique was adopted. Based on this, 95% confidence level and an error limit of 5% were adopted. Thus, four (4) samples A, B, C and D of hand dug well water purposively drawn from the study area used sterilized bottles. The heavy metals tested for in the water samples include: zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), potassium (K), phosphate, and chromium. The results of the analyses were compared with the NSDWQ*MPL and FEPA (2001) standards. The results shows that the concentration of magnesium and manganese in hand dug well water samples A, B, C and D had higher concentrations than the maximum permissible limits of NSDWQ*MPL and FEPA (2001) standards and the concentration of zinc, copper, iron, potassium, phosphate and chromium in hand dug well water sample A, B, C and D was at different compliance level with NSDWQ*MPL and FEPA (2001) standards. ANOVA (F-ratio) statistics at P_0.05 for variation in heavy metal concentration in hand dug well water from land uses A, B, C and D were insignificant. For now, it can be concluded that hand dug well water in Wukari Town is fit for domestic use, but that efforts should be made to reduce the magnesium and manganese concentration by having control on the anthropogenic factors that lead to such high concentration levels or else, soon this source of water may become unfit for domestic use. It was recommended that aggressive public awareness and enlightenment on possible impacts of hand dug well water pollution from human activities should be embarked upon by relevant agencies.展开更多
文摘Flooding is now an annual occurring event in Donga Town especially after heavy rainstorm which is further worsened by the nature of the topography of the area. The knowledge of how the public view flooding is considered a crucial aspect in modern flood management as it steers the development of effective and efficient flood mitigation strategies. This study therefore assessed public perception of flooding in Donga town. Two wards were purposively drawn out of ten wards (Gata Aure and Fada ward). The survey design method was employed in this study. Yamane (1967) method of sample size determination was used to arrive at a sample size of 130 for the study. Systematic random sampling was used in the administration of 130 questionnaires to respondents. Non parametric statistics of Spear Man rank correlation and descriptive statistics (percentages, tables, pie and bar charts) were used to analyze the data. The result of the findings showed that 95% of the respondents were male, 88.4% of the respondents were aware that the area was prone to flooding. Also, about 46.2% perceived that rainfall was the major cause of flooding in the study area. Correlation analysis result was insignificant which implied that in Donga town, educational level of respondents did not influence respondent’s awareness level of flooding and that people’s perception of flooding was influenced by factors other than respondent’s literacy level. The conclusion from the study is that rainfall intensity and amount is the main cause of flooding in Donga town and also individual’s response to flooding in the study area is poor. This study recommends the need to educate the people living in the flood plain on the dangers of continuous occupation of the area.
文摘Introduction: For tracheal stenosis, tracheal resection and anastomosis is widely considered the treatment of choice. However, this surgical approach is not feasible when the glottis and subglottis are involved or in patients with a poor general condition and tracheal stents are a plausible means of providing a permanent or temporary airway opening. Objectives: Evaluate the features and the results of patients with Montgomery T-tube in tracheal stenosis. Methods: Fifteen patients with Myer-Cotton grades 2-3 circular cicatricial tracheal stenosis who received a Montgomery T-tube between 2002-2011 were analyzed in terms of age, gender, etiology, duration of intubation, location and size of the stenotic segment on computed tomography(CT), follow-up time with the T-tube, the complications that occurred after T-tube removed and additional tracheal surgery. Conclusion: A T-tube can be applied in tracheal stenosis at the first treatment before attempting surgery. The patients should be closely followed-up due to the possibility of re-stenosis and other complications.
文摘Hand dug well water remains the major source of domestic (drinking) water in the city of Wukari. This study was aimed at the assessment of heavy metal concentration in hand dug well water from four land uses of abattoir (A), waste dump site (B), residential (C) and commercial (D) in Wukari Town, Wukari, Taraba State. There are about 76 hand dug wells in the study area and for the purpose of this study. Yamane (1967) sample size technique was adopted. Based on this, 95% confidence level and an error limit of 5% were adopted. Thus, four (4) samples A, B, C and D of hand dug well water purposively drawn from the study area used sterilized bottles. The heavy metals tested for in the water samples include: zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), potassium (K), phosphate, and chromium. The results of the analyses were compared with the NSDWQ*MPL and FEPA (2001) standards. The results shows that the concentration of magnesium and manganese in hand dug well water samples A, B, C and D had higher concentrations than the maximum permissible limits of NSDWQ*MPL and FEPA (2001) standards and the concentration of zinc, copper, iron, potassium, phosphate and chromium in hand dug well water sample A, B, C and D was at different compliance level with NSDWQ*MPL and FEPA (2001) standards. ANOVA (F-ratio) statistics at P_0.05 for variation in heavy metal concentration in hand dug well water from land uses A, B, C and D were insignificant. For now, it can be concluded that hand dug well water in Wukari Town is fit for domestic use, but that efforts should be made to reduce the magnesium and manganese concentration by having control on the anthropogenic factors that lead to such high concentration levels or else, soon this source of water may become unfit for domestic use. It was recommended that aggressive public awareness and enlightenment on possible impacts of hand dug well water pollution from human activities should be embarked upon by relevant agencies.
