Source illusion is an important issue in acoustic fields that has significant applications in various practical scenarios.Recent progress in acoustic metasurfaces has broken the limitation of manipulating large-scale ...Source illusion is an important issue in acoustic fields that has significant applications in various practical scenarios.Recent progress in acoustic metasurfaces has broken the limitation of manipulating large-scale waves at subwavelength scales and enables a better illusion capability,while there is still a problem that most previous studies are hampered by a lack of tuning capability.Here we propose a reconfigurable source illusion device capable of providing azimuthallydependent phase delay in real-time via changing the static voltage distribution.The resulting device is implemented by employing an adjustable piezoelectric metasurface with a subwavelength thickness that can achieve a full 2π-phase shift while maintaining efficient transmittance.The effectiveness of our mechanism is demonstrated via two distinctive source illusion phenomena of shifting and transforming a simple point source without changing the device geometry.We anticipate that our methodology,which does not require a large device size or a complicated phased array,will open up new avenues for the miniaturization and integration of source illusion devices and may promote their on-chip applications in a variety of fields,such as acoustic camouflage and manipulation precision.展开更多
According to classical nucleation theory, gas nuclei can generate and grow into a cavitation bubble when the liquid pressure exceeds a threshold. However, classical nucleation theory does not include boundary effects....According to classical nucleation theory, gas nuclei can generate and grow into a cavitation bubble when the liquid pressure exceeds a threshold. However, classical nucleation theory does not include boundary effects. An enclosed spherical liquid cavity surrounded by elastic medium is introduced to model the nucleation process in tissue. Based on the equilibrium pressure relationship of a quasi-static process, the expressions of the threshold and the modified nucleation rate are derived by considering the tissue elasticity. It is shown that the constraint plays an important role in the nucleation process. There is a positive correlation between nucleation threshold pressure and constraint, which can be enhanced by an increasing tissue elasticity and reducing the size of the cavity. Meanwhile, temperature is found to be a key parameter of nucleation process, and cavitation is more likely to occur in confined liquids at temperature T > 100℃. In contrast, less influences are induced by these factors, such as bulk modulus, liquid cavity size, and acoustic frequency. Although these theoretical predictions of the thresholds have been demonstrated by many previous researches, much lower thresholds can be obtained in liquids containing dissolved gases, e.g., the nucleation threshold is about-21 MPa in a liquid of 0.8-nm gas nuclei at room temperature. Moreover, when there is a gas nucleus of 20 nm, the theoretical threshold pressure might be less than1 MPa.展开更多
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.12174240,11674206,and 11874253)the Natural Science Basic Research Plan in the Shaanxi Province of China(Grant No.2023-JC-QN-0049).
文摘Source illusion is an important issue in acoustic fields that has significant applications in various practical scenarios.Recent progress in acoustic metasurfaces has broken the limitation of manipulating large-scale waves at subwavelength scales and enables a better illusion capability,while there is still a problem that most previous studies are hampered by a lack of tuning capability.Here we propose a reconfigurable source illusion device capable of providing azimuthallydependent phase delay in real-time via changing the static voltage distribution.The resulting device is implemented by employing an adjustable piezoelectric metasurface with a subwavelength thickness that can achieve a full 2π-phase shift while maintaining efficient transmittance.The effectiveness of our mechanism is demonstrated via two distinctive source illusion phenomena of shifting and transforming a simple point source without changing the device geometry.We anticipate that our methodology,which does not require a large device size or a complicated phased array,will open up new avenues for the miniaturization and integration of source illusion devices and may promote their on-chip applications in a variety of fields,such as acoustic camouflage and manipulation precision.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 11974232 and 11727813)。
文摘According to classical nucleation theory, gas nuclei can generate and grow into a cavitation bubble when the liquid pressure exceeds a threshold. However, classical nucleation theory does not include boundary effects. An enclosed spherical liquid cavity surrounded by elastic medium is introduced to model the nucleation process in tissue. Based on the equilibrium pressure relationship of a quasi-static process, the expressions of the threshold and the modified nucleation rate are derived by considering the tissue elasticity. It is shown that the constraint plays an important role in the nucleation process. There is a positive correlation between nucleation threshold pressure and constraint, which can be enhanced by an increasing tissue elasticity and reducing the size of the cavity. Meanwhile, temperature is found to be a key parameter of nucleation process, and cavitation is more likely to occur in confined liquids at temperature T > 100℃. In contrast, less influences are induced by these factors, such as bulk modulus, liquid cavity size, and acoustic frequency. Although these theoretical predictions of the thresholds have been demonstrated by many previous researches, much lower thresholds can be obtained in liquids containing dissolved gases, e.g., the nucleation threshold is about-21 MPa in a liquid of 0.8-nm gas nuclei at room temperature. Moreover, when there is a gas nucleus of 20 nm, the theoretical threshold pressure might be less than1 MPa.
