Sodium-ion batteries(SIBs)have emerged as one of the most promising candidates for next-generation energy storage systems because sodium is abundant in nature.The practical application of SIBs critically depends on de...Sodium-ion batteries(SIBs)have emerged as one of the most promising candidates for next-generation energy storage systems because sodium is abundant in nature.The practical application of SIBs critically depends on developing robust electrode materials with high specific capacity and long cycling life,developing suitable anode materials is even more challenging.Alloy-type anodes are attractive for their high gravimetric and volumetric specific capacities,demonstrating great potential for high-energy SIBs,however,huge volume swelling hampered their practical application.Given the encouraging breakthroughs on alloy anodes for SIBs,herein,we present a review of the up-to-date progress and works carried out with alloy-based anode materials for SIBs.We review the synthetic strategies and their detailed electrochemical performance.In particular,we extensively reveal the important roles of alloy-based anodes in the development of SIBs.Research progress of alloy-type anodes and their compounds for sodium storage is summarized.Specific efforts to enhance the electrochemical performance of the alloy-based anode materials are discussed.Finally,we proposed multi-component alloys/high-entropy alloys(HEAs)as further research directions for alloy-based anodes.展开更多
A green route using a very simple and straightforward ultrasonic process under alkaline conditions, rather than a general chemical reduction process using hydrazine, was utilized to obtain the hydrophilic reduced grap...A green route using a very simple and straightforward ultrasonic process under alkaline conditions, rather than a general chemical reduction process using hydrazine, was utilized to obtain the hydrophilic reduced graphene oxide（RGO） sheets, via removing oxygen functional groups from graphene oxide（GO） and repairing the aromatic structure. It is found that the conductivity of the obtained RGO could be tuned by changing pH value in alkaline solution, and the current-voltage（I-V） curves of both GO and RGO are nonlinear and slightly asymmetric. Under the same applied voltage, the current of RGO is much larger than that of GO, indicating a pronounced increase in the electrical conductivity of RGO, compared to that of GO.展开更多
Background Although severe acute respiratory syndrome （SARS） has been controlled, the subsequently emerging sporadic cases in 2004 emphasize the necessity of developing a rapid diagnostic method, which would be of g...Background Although severe acute respiratory syndrome （SARS） has been controlled, the subsequently emerging sporadic cases in 2004 emphasize the necessity of developing a rapid diagnostic method, which would be of great help in clinical diagosis and also wild host screening. This study aims to establish an effective and rapid serological tool for the diagnosis of SARS-CoV by comparison among whole viral, N and N199 proteins by ELISA. Methods SARS-CoV N and N199 （a truncated nucleocapsid gene） genes were cloned, expressed, identified by Western blotting, and applied in screening of human and swine samples. Sera of SARS convalescent-phase patients, normal human sera, sera of patients with other respiratory diseases, and swine sera were screened by ELISA, with whole SARS-CoV F69, N and N199 proteins as antigens. Results The sensitivity and specificity of N and N199 proteins in human sera diagnosis were approximate （P=-0.743）, which was higher than whole viral protein but the difference was not significant （P=-0.234）. The N199 protein proved to be more specific in swine sera screening than whole viral and N protein （P〈0.001）. Conclusion N199 protein is feasible in both clinical diagnosis and SARS-CoV reservoir screening.展开更多
In China,Beishan granite is chosen as a potential host surrounding rock of a high-level radioactive waste(HLW)repository.For this research,Beishan granite specimens were heated up to 300℃,400℃ and 500℃,respectively...In China,Beishan granite is chosen as a potential host surrounding rock of a high-level radioactive waste(HLW)repository.For this research,Beishan granite specimens were heated up to 300℃,400℃ and 500℃,respectively.And conventional triaxial compression tests were conducted after cooling down the samples.The results show that after 300℃,400℃ and 500℃ heating treatment,the diameter of samples increases by 0.066%,0.143%and 0.409%,respectively,which is a little larger than the axial length changes.Mechanical tests show that peak strength increases slightly with increasing temperature.However,the dilatancy threshold is lower than that observed for samples which have not experienced heating treatment.Peak strain and dilatancy threshold strain show a strong temperature dependence.The higher the temperature,the greater the strain.Furthermore,increasing temperature has negative influence on threshold elastic modulus E_(c) and tangent elastic modulus E_(t).Poisson ratio decreases when temperature increases from 300℃ to 500℃,but it is still larger than that observed for samples which have not experienced heating treatment.In addition,AE monitoring shows a quiet period in the initial loading stage,which proves that the micro cracks are closed during heating and contribute to the increase of peak strength.展开更多
The design and synthesis of spirochroman-2-on-4,1'-indan-7'-ol(SCIOL)and its application for synthesizing chiral monophosphinite ligands are reported.The synthesis features a tandem double Friedel-Crafts react...The design and synthesis of spirochroman-2-on-4,1'-indan-7'-ol(SCIOL)and its application for synthesizing chiral monophosphinite ligands are reported.The synthesis features a tandem double Friedel-Crafts reaction/lactonization to construct the spiro framework and the desired racemic SCiOL was obtained via 6 steps with a total yield of 44.5%.Using an inclusion resolution with N-benzylcinchonidinium chloride,the optical SCiOL could be obtained in good yields on a gram scale.The preliminary studies indicated that the corresponding chiral spiro monophosphinite ligands exhibit high catalytic activity and enantioselectivity(up to 94%ee)in the rhodium-catalyzed asymmetric hydrogenation of N-acetyl dehydroamino esters.These outcomes highlight the significant potential of SCiOLas a useful framework forthedevelopment of chiral spiro ligands.展开更多
本文以异辛醇烷基链为疏水烷基,以不同链长聚氧乙烯(EO)为亲水头基,插入不同链长的聚氧丙烯(PO)作为连接基团,制备了异辛醇聚氧丙烯聚氧乙烯醚(i-C_(8)PO_(m)EO_(n)),并研究了该系列表面活性剂的表面活性。结果表明:i-C_(8)PO_(m)EO_(n...本文以异辛醇烷基链为疏水烷基,以不同链长聚氧乙烯(EO)为亲水头基,插入不同链长的聚氧丙烯(PO)作为连接基团,制备了异辛醇聚氧丙烯聚氧乙烯醚(i-C_(8)PO_(m)EO_(n)),并研究了该系列表面活性剂的表面活性。结果表明:i-C_(8)PO_(m)EO_(n)系列表面活性剂的临界胶束浓度(cmc)和表面张力均低于常规SDS,其中cmc要低1个数量级,而表面张力下降了10 m N/m;固定聚氧丙烯基团数,增加聚氧乙烯基团数有利于提升表面活性,cmc下降,降低表面张力的效率提升;当聚氧乙烯数较小(n=3)时,随聚氧丙烯基团数增加,表面活性剂胶束化能力增强;而当聚氧乙烯数较大(n=6或9)时,随环氧丙烷基团数增加,发生表面吸附的趋势更强;i-C8POmEOn系列表面活性剂的表面张力维持在29~30 m N/m附近,受PO、EO数的影响较小。展开更多
Dear Editor,Current coronavirus epidemic swept all over the world,infected over 37 million people and resulted in 1 million deaths.1 With a mortality rate in critically ill patients up to 61.5%and a limited effective ...Dear Editor,Current coronavirus epidemic swept all over the world,infected over 37 million people and resulted in 1 million deaths.1 With a mortality rate in critically ill patients up to 61.5%and a limited effective treatment options,it is of top priority to explore treatments to prevent the clinical deterioration from severe cases to critically ill patients.1 Here,we share our detailed experience with 239 cases of COVID-19,including 40 severe cases.Through early and innovative treatment with low-dose corticosteroid combined with immunoglobulin,we achieved good clinical outcomes in overall mortality rate(0.84%)and morality rate of severe cases(5%).展开更多
基金the Key Research Program of Nanjing IPE Institute of Green Manufacturing Industry(No.E0010718)。
文摘Sodium-ion batteries(SIBs)have emerged as one of the most promising candidates for next-generation energy storage systems because sodium is abundant in nature.The practical application of SIBs critically depends on developing robust electrode materials with high specific capacity and long cycling life,developing suitable anode materials is even more challenging.Alloy-type anodes are attractive for their high gravimetric and volumetric specific capacities,demonstrating great potential for high-energy SIBs,however,huge volume swelling hampered their practical application.Given the encouraging breakthroughs on alloy anodes for SIBs,herein,we present a review of the up-to-date progress and works carried out with alloy-based anode materials for SIBs.We review the synthetic strategies and their detailed electrochemical performance.In particular,we extensively reveal the important roles of alloy-based anodes in the development of SIBs.Research progress of alloy-type anodes and their compounds for sodium storage is summarized.Specific efforts to enhance the electrochemical performance of the alloy-based anode materials are discussed.Finally,we proposed multi-component alloys/high-entropy alloys(HEAs)as further research directions for alloy-based anodes.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.50525204, 50832001)the Special PhD Program of Ministry of Education, China(No.200801830025)+1 种基金the Program for Changjiang Scholars and Innovative Research Team in University of Chinathe "211" and "985" Project of Jilin University, China
文摘A green route using a very simple and straightforward ultrasonic process under alkaline conditions, rather than a general chemical reduction process using hydrazine, was utilized to obtain the hydrophilic reduced graphene oxide（RGO） sheets, via removing oxygen functional groups from graphene oxide（GO） and repairing the aromatic structure. It is found that the conductivity of the obtained RGO could be tuned by changing pH value in alkaline solution, and the current-voltage（I-V） curves of both GO and RGO are nonlinear and slightly asymmetric. Under the same applied voltage, the current of RGO is much larger than that of GO, indicating a pronounced increase in the electrical conductivity of RGO, compared to that of GO.
基金This study was supported by a grant from the Science Foundation for SARS of Guangdong Province(No.2003Z3-E0461)
文摘Background Although severe acute respiratory syndrome （SARS） has been controlled, the subsequently emerging sporadic cases in 2004 emphasize the necessity of developing a rapid diagnostic method, which would be of great help in clinical diagosis and also wild host screening. This study aims to establish an effective and rapid serological tool for the diagnosis of SARS-CoV by comparison among whole viral, N and N199 proteins by ELISA. Methods SARS-CoV N and N199 （a truncated nucleocapsid gene） genes were cloned, expressed, identified by Western blotting, and applied in screening of human and swine samples. Sera of SARS convalescent-phase patients, normal human sera, sera of patients with other respiratory diseases, and swine sera were screened by ELISA, with whole SARS-CoV F69, N and N199 proteins as antigens. Results The sensitivity and specificity of N and N199 proteins in human sera diagnosis were approximate （P=-0.743）, which was higher than whole viral protein but the difference was not significant （P=-0.234）. The N199 protein proved to be more specific in swine sera screening than whole viral and N protein （P〈0.001）. Conclusion N199 protein is feasible in both clinical diagnosis and SARS-CoV reservoir screening.
基金Projects(52104135, 51674266) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject supported by the Qingdao Postdoctoral Applied Research Project Foundation,China。
文摘In China,Beishan granite is chosen as a potential host surrounding rock of a high-level radioactive waste(HLW)repository.For this research,Beishan granite specimens were heated up to 300℃,400℃ and 500℃,respectively.And conventional triaxial compression tests were conducted after cooling down the samples.The results show that after 300℃,400℃ and 500℃ heating treatment,the diameter of samples increases by 0.066%,0.143%and 0.409%,respectively,which is a little larger than the axial length changes.Mechanical tests show that peak strength increases slightly with increasing temperature.However,the dilatancy threshold is lower than that observed for samples which have not experienced heating treatment.Peak strain and dilatancy threshold strain show a strong temperature dependence.The higher the temperature,the greater the strain.Furthermore,increasing temperature has negative influence on threshold elastic modulus E_(c) and tangent elastic modulus E_(t).Poisson ratio decreases when temperature increases from 300℃ to 500℃,but it is still larger than that observed for samples which have not experienced heating treatment.In addition,AE monitoring shows a quiet period in the initial loading stage,which proves that the micro cracks are closed during heating and contribute to the increase of peak strength.
基金We thank the National Key R&D Program of China(2021YFA1500200)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(92056105,92256303,22221002,and 22188101)the Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations,the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,and the Frontiers Sciences Center for New Organic Matter at Nankai University(63181206)for financial support.
文摘The design and synthesis of spirochroman-2-on-4,1'-indan-7'-ol(SCIOL)and its application for synthesizing chiral monophosphinite ligands are reported.The synthesis features a tandem double Friedel-Crafts reaction/lactonization to construct the spiro framework and the desired racemic SCiOL was obtained via 6 steps with a total yield of 44.5%.Using an inclusion resolution with N-benzylcinchonidinium chloride,the optical SCiOL could be obtained in good yields on a gram scale.The preliminary studies indicated that the corresponding chiral spiro monophosphinite ligands exhibit high catalytic activity and enantioselectivity(up to 94%ee)in the rhodium-catalyzed asymmetric hydrogenation of N-acetyl dehydroamino esters.These outcomes highlight the significant potential of SCiOLas a useful framework forthedevelopment of chiral spiro ligands.
文摘本文以异辛醇烷基链为疏水烷基,以不同链长聚氧乙烯(EO)为亲水头基,插入不同链长的聚氧丙烯(PO)作为连接基团,制备了异辛醇聚氧丙烯聚氧乙烯醚(i-C_(8)PO_(m)EO_(n)),并研究了该系列表面活性剂的表面活性。结果表明:i-C_(8)PO_(m)EO_(n)系列表面活性剂的临界胶束浓度(cmc)和表面张力均低于常规SDS,其中cmc要低1个数量级,而表面张力下降了10 m N/m;固定聚氧丙烯基团数,增加聚氧乙烯基团数有利于提升表面活性,cmc下降,降低表面张力的效率提升;当聚氧乙烯数较小(n=3)时,随聚氧丙烯基团数增加,表面活性剂胶束化能力增强;而当聚氧乙烯数较大(n=6或9)时,随环氧丙烷基团数增加,发生表面吸附的趋势更强;i-C8POmEOn系列表面活性剂的表面张力维持在29~30 m N/m附近,受PO、EO数的影响较小。
基金funded by the Innovative Major Emergency Project Funding against the New Coronavirus Pneumonia in Hunan Province(number 2020SK3014)Health and Family Planning Commission Fund Project in Hunan Province(number B2017209)Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province(number 2018JJ2452).
文摘Dear Editor,Current coronavirus epidemic swept all over the world,infected over 37 million people and resulted in 1 million deaths.1 With a mortality rate in critically ill patients up to 61.5%and a limited effective treatment options,it is of top priority to explore treatments to prevent the clinical deterioration from severe cases to critically ill patients.1 Here,we share our detailed experience with 239 cases of COVID-19,including 40 severe cases.Through early and innovative treatment with low-dose corticosteroid combined with immunoglobulin,we achieved good clinical outcomes in overall mortality rate(0.84%)and morality rate of severe cases(5%).
