Autism spectrum disorders are a group of neurodevelopmental disorders involving more than 1100 genes,including Ctnnd2 as a candidate gene.Ctnnd2knockout mice,serving as an animal model of autis m,have been demonstrate...Autism spectrum disorders are a group of neurodevelopmental disorders involving more than 1100 genes,including Ctnnd2 as a candidate gene.Ctnnd2knockout mice,serving as an animal model of autis m,have been demonstrated to exhibit decreased density of dendritic spines.The role of melatonin,as a neuro hormone capable of effectively alleviating social interaction deficits and regulating the development of dendritic spines,in Ctnnd2 deletion-induced nerve injury remains unclea r.In the present study,we discove red that the deletion of exon 2 of the Ctnnd2 gene was linked to social interaction deficits,spine loss,impaired inhibitory neurons,and suppressed phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase(PI3K)/protein kinase B(Akt) signal pathway in the prefrontal cortex.Our findings demonstrated that the long-term oral administration of melatonin for 28 days effectively alleviated the aforementioned abnormalities in Ctnnd2 gene-knockout mice.Furthermore,the administration of melatonin in the prefro ntal cortex was found to improve synaptic function and activate the PI3K/Akt signal pathway in this region.The pharmacological blockade of the PI3K/Akt signal pathway with a PI3K/Akt inhibitor,wo rtmannin,and melatonin receptor antagonists,luzindole and 4-phenyl-2-propionamidotetralin,prevented the melatonin-induced enhancement of GABAergic synaptic function.These findings suggest that melatonin treatment can ameliorate GABAe rgic synaptic function by activating the PI3K/Akt signal pathway,which may contribute to the improvement of dendritic spine abnormalities in autism spectrum disorders.展开更多
BACKGROUND： Total saponins of Panax ginseng （TSPG） exhibits neuroprotection against Parkinson＇s disease in the substantia nigra. OBJECTIVE： To investigate the effects of TSPG on human embryonic neural stem cells ...BACKGROUND： Total saponins of Panax ginseng （TSPG） exhibits neuroprotection against Parkinson＇s disease in the substantia nigra. OBJECTIVE： To investigate the effects of TSPG on human embryonic neural stem cells （NSCs） proliferation and differentiation into dopaminergic neurons using in vitro studies, and to observe NSC differentiation in a mouse model of Parkinson＇s disease, as well as behavioral changes before and after transplantation. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING： In vitro neural cell biology trial and in vivo randomized, controlled animal trial were performed at the Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University between September 2004 and December 2007. MATERIALS： TSPG （purity 〉 95%） was isolated, extracted, and identified by Chongqing Academy of Chinese Materia Medica. Recombinant human basic fibroblast growth factor （bFGF） and recombinant human epidermal growth factor （EGF） were purchased from PeproTech, USA. A total of 25 C57/BL6J mice, aged 18-20 weeks were included. Twenty were used to establish a Parkinson＇s disease model with i.p. injection of MPTP （1-methyl-4-phenyl-1, 2, 3, 6-tetrahydropyridine） and TSPG alone or combined with interleukin-1 （IL-1）-treated NSCs prior to transplantation into the corpus striatum. The remaining five mice were pretreated for 3 days with TSPG prior to MPTP injection, serving as the TSPG prevention group. METHODS： Primary NSCs were isolated, cultured and purified from embryonic cerebral cortex. Immunocytochemistry was employed to detect specific antigen expression in the NSCs. In vitro experiment： （1） to induce proliferation, NSCs were treated with TSPG, EGF＋bFGF, or TSPG＋EGF＋bFGF, respectively; （2） to induce dopaminergic neuronal differentiation, NSCs were treated with TSPG, IL-1, or TSPG＋IL-1, respectively. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： In vitro experiment： the effects of TSPG on NSCs proliferation were evaluated with flow cytometry and MTT assay. Tyrosine hydroxylase expression was determined by展开更多
Emerging evidence has highlighted the role of gut microbiome in human health.However,the integrative role of gut microbiome and microbial metabolites in acute myocardial infarction(AMI)remains unclear.The current stud...Emerging evidence has highlighted the role of gut microbiome in human health.However,the integrative role of gut microbiome and microbial metabolites in acute myocardial infarction(AMI)remains unclear.The current study profiles the microbial community through 16S rRNA gene sequencing and shotgun metagenomic sequencing and measures fecal short-chain fatty acids and circulating choline pathway metabolites among 117 new-onset AMI cases and 78 controls.Significant microbial alternations are observed in AMI patients compared with controls(P=0.001).The abundances of nine species(e.g.,Streptococcus salivarius and Klebsiella pneumoniae)are positively associated,and one species(Roseburia hominis)is inversely associated with AMI status and severity.A gut microbial score at disease onset is associated with the risk of major adverse cardiovascular events in 3.2 years(hazard ratio[95%CI]:2.01[1.04-4.24])in AMI patients.The molar proportions of fecal acetate and butyrate are higher,and the circulating levels of choline and carnitine are lower in AMI patients than in controls.In addition,disease classifiers show that AMI cases and controls have a more distinct pattern in taxonomical composition than in pathways or metabolites.Our findings suggest that microbial composition and functional potentials are associated with AMI status and severity.展开更多
Background: Vascular injury presents a great challenge to the trauma and vascular surgeons because it needs urgent diagnosis and intervention. Aims: Prospective cohort study is to determine management and outcome of p...Background: Vascular injury presents a great challenge to the trauma and vascular surgeons because it needs urgent diagnosis and intervention. Aims: Prospective cohort study is to determine management and outcome of peripheral vascular injuries in a tertiary centre with very poor facilities. Methods: Analysis of peripheral vascular injuries during August 2013 to August 2014. Results: Total of 47 patients (3.4%) from 1377 total trauma admissions had vascular injuries. Penetrating trauma was present in 93.6% of cases. Brachial artery injury was the highest (31.9%), followed by superficial femoral and popliteal arteries (each with 17% incidence). Vein injury occurred in 61.7% of cases. End-to-end anastomosis performed in 76.6% of cases;arterial ligation was done in 14.9% of cases;venous graft was harvested in 6.4% of cases;and arterial wall was repaired in 2.1% of cases. Conclusions: Early intervention is the most important determinant factor of outcome.展开更多
On the basis of opto-mechanical effect and micro electromechanical system(MEMS)technology,a novel substrate-free focal plane array(FPA)with the thermal isolated structure for uncooled infrared imaging is developed,eve...On the basis of opto-mechanical effect and micro electromechanical system(MEMS)technology,a novel substrate-free focal plane array(FPA)with the thermal isolated structure for uncooled infrared imaging is developed,even as alternate evaporated Au on SiN cantilever is used for thermal isolation.A human thermal image is obtained successfully by using the infrared imaging system composed of the FPA and optical detecting system.The experiment results show that the realization of thermal isolation structure in substrate-free FPA increases the temperature rise of the deflecting leg effectively,whereas the noise equivalent temperature difference(NETD)is about 200 mK.展开更多
msrA encodes an efflux protein in Staphylococcus spp.that confers inducible resistance to macrolides,such as erythromycin(ERY),but not telithromycin(TEL).Thus,msrA+S.aureus remain susceptible to TEL.Production of msrA...msrA encodes an efflux protein in Staphylococcus spp.that confers inducible resistance to macrolides,such as erythromycin(ERY),but not telithromycin(TEL).Thus,msrA+S.aureus remain susceptible to TEL.Production of msrAis regulated by a 320-bp upstream region,presumably by translational attenuation,similar to regulation of erm.We investigated whether ERY could induce TEL resistance in msrA+S.aureus.MICs of ERY and TEL were determined by broth microdilution(BMD).Inducible TEL resistance was detected by a BMD checkerboard panel containing combinations of ERY and TEL and by a D-test where an ERY disk was placed 15mm from a TEL disk on a blood agar plate.Blunting of the TEL zones of inhibition proximal to the ERY disk indicated inducible resistance and no blunting indicated no inducible resistance.Approximately 400bp of the upstream regulatory region and 200bp of msrA were amplified by PCR and sequenced.The TEL MICs for 10 msrA+isolates ranged from 0.06-2g/mL(MIC90=0.25g/mL);ERY MICs were all≥32g/mL.All isolates showed an increase in TEL MICs of>2doubling dilutions(MIC90>4g/mL)in the presence of ERY;All were also positive by D-test.For 9isolates(initial TEL MIC<1g/mL),constitutive TEL resistance was selected by plating cells on Mueller-Hinton agar with 2g/mL TEL.All 9isolates grew on the selective media and were resistant to TEL(MIC ranged 2-8g/mL).Mutation to constitutive resistance occurred at a rate of 8×10-7 to 2.4×10-6.Eight of the 9resistant isolates had a single nucleotide substitution in the upstream regulatory region relative to the parent strain.Specifically,six isolates had a G to T mutation at position-222;one had a C to A mutation at-228;And one had a C to A mutation at-247.Transformation of the msrAgene with above point mutation in regulatory region into S.aureus RN4220conferred the strain resistant(MIC=8g/mL)to the telithromycin while transformants with the wild-type msrAgene remained susceptible(MIC=1g/mL)to telithromycin.展开更多
In this paper,two new species are described and illustrated from China:Flavoperla separata Liu,Li&Shali,sp.nov.from Hubei and Shaanxi Provinces and F.qinlinga Liu,Li&Li,sp.nov.from Shaanxi and Sichuan Province...In this paper,two new species are described and illustrated from China:Flavoperla separata Liu,Li&Shali,sp.nov.from Hubei and Shaanxi Provinces and F.qinlinga Liu,Li&Li,sp.nov.from Shaanxi and Sichuan Provinces,with the discussion of their congeners.All type specimens are deposited in the Entomological Museum of China Agricultural University(CAU)and the Henan Institute of Science and Technology(HIST).展开更多
目的基于静息脑电(EEG)分析大学生身体活动水平与抑郁症状的关系,探寻身体活动对抑郁症状的潜在作用路径。方法随机招募239名大学生填写《抑郁自评量表》《国际身体活动问卷短卷》,采集5 min EEG信号。结果大学生身体活动水平为1109(509...目的基于静息脑电(EEG)分析大学生身体活动水平与抑郁症状的关系,探寻身体活动对抑郁症状的潜在作用路径。方法随机招募239名大学生填写《抑郁自评量表》《国际身体活动问卷短卷》,采集5 min EEG信号。结果大学生身体活动水平为1109(509,2232)MET-min/周,抑郁评分为47.401±10.562,二者显著负相关(r=−0.189,P=0.003);中央区、顶区delta功率值,眶额、前额theta功率值与前额alpha1右侧化对抑郁评分具有19.89%的解释力(R2=0.199,P<0.001);顶区、颞区delta功率值,顶区beta1功率值和前额alpha1右侧化与身体活动水平及抑郁评分均显著相关(P<0.05),且相关方向相反;身体活动水平对抑郁评分具有65.37%的直接效应(B=−0.123,95%CI:−0.260~0.016),顶区delta功率值介导16.56%的中介效应(B=−0.031,95%CI:−0.073~−0.005),前额alpha1右侧化介导18.07%的中介效应(B=−0.034,95%CI:−0.072~−0.010)。结论识别抑郁倾向大学生需重点关注中央区、顶区delta功率值的上升和额区theta功率值、前额alpha1右侧化的下降,这可能与其睡眠节律紊乱、情绪调节能力不足及压力感知过大有关;随着身体活动水平增加,其抑郁评分呈下降趋势,顶区delta功率值下降和前额alpha1右侧化上升可能是体育锻炼改善抑郁症状的作用路径,与体育锻炼改善睡眠节律、增强情绪调节能力有关。展开更多
基金supported by the Chongqing Science and Technology CommitteeNatural Science Foundation of Chongqing,No.cstc2021jcyj-msxmX0065 (to YL)。
文摘Autism spectrum disorders are a group of neurodevelopmental disorders involving more than 1100 genes,including Ctnnd2 as a candidate gene.Ctnnd2knockout mice,serving as an animal model of autis m,have been demonstrated to exhibit decreased density of dendritic spines.The role of melatonin,as a neuro hormone capable of effectively alleviating social interaction deficits and regulating the development of dendritic spines,in Ctnnd2 deletion-induced nerve injury remains unclea r.In the present study,we discove red that the deletion of exon 2 of the Ctnnd2 gene was linked to social interaction deficits,spine loss,impaired inhibitory neurons,and suppressed phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase(PI3K)/protein kinase B(Akt) signal pathway in the prefrontal cortex.Our findings demonstrated that the long-term oral administration of melatonin for 28 days effectively alleviated the aforementioned abnormalities in Ctnnd2 gene-knockout mice.Furthermore,the administration of melatonin in the prefro ntal cortex was found to improve synaptic function and activate the PI3K/Akt signal pathway in this region.The pharmacological blockade of the PI3K/Akt signal pathway with a PI3K/Akt inhibitor,wo rtmannin,and melatonin receptor antagonists,luzindole and 4-phenyl-2-propionamidotetralin,prevented the melatonin-induced enhancement of GABAergic synaptic function.These findings suggest that melatonin treatment can ameliorate GABAe rgic synaptic function by activating the PI3K/Akt signal pathway,which may contribute to the improvement of dendritic spine abnormalities in autism spectrum disorders.
文摘BACKGROUND： Total saponins of Panax ginseng （TSPG） exhibits neuroprotection against Parkinson＇s disease in the substantia nigra. OBJECTIVE： To investigate the effects of TSPG on human embryonic neural stem cells （NSCs） proliferation and differentiation into dopaminergic neurons using in vitro studies, and to observe NSC differentiation in a mouse model of Parkinson＇s disease, as well as behavioral changes before and after transplantation. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING： In vitro neural cell biology trial and in vivo randomized, controlled animal trial were performed at the Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University between September 2004 and December 2007. MATERIALS： TSPG （purity 〉 95%） was isolated, extracted, and identified by Chongqing Academy of Chinese Materia Medica. Recombinant human basic fibroblast growth factor （bFGF） and recombinant human epidermal growth factor （EGF） were purchased from PeproTech, USA. A total of 25 C57/BL6J mice, aged 18-20 weeks were included. Twenty were used to establish a Parkinson＇s disease model with i.p. injection of MPTP （1-methyl-4-phenyl-1, 2, 3, 6-tetrahydropyridine） and TSPG alone or combined with interleukin-1 （IL-1）-treated NSCs prior to transplantation into the corpus striatum. The remaining five mice were pretreated for 3 days with TSPG prior to MPTP injection, serving as the TSPG prevention group. METHODS： Primary NSCs were isolated, cultured and purified from embryonic cerebral cortex. Immunocytochemistry was employed to detect specific antigen expression in the NSCs. In vitro experiment： （1） to induce proliferation, NSCs were treated with TSPG, EGF＋bFGF, or TSPG＋EGF＋bFGF, respectively; （2） to induce dopaminergic neuronal differentiation, NSCs were treated with TSPG, IL-1, or TSPG＋IL-1, respectively. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： In vitro experiment： the effects of TSPG on NSCs proliferation were evaluated with flow cytometry and MTT assay. Tyrosine hydroxylase expression was determined by
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China at the Ministry of Science and Technology of the People’s Republic of China(Grant No.2021YFA301003)the Clinical Research Plan of Shanghai Hospital Development Center at the Shanghai Hospital Development Center(Grant No.SHDC2020CR1007A)+2 种基金the Shanghai Municipal Science and Technology Major Project at the Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality(Grant No.2017SHZDZX01)the General Program at the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.81973032)supported by the Program for Professor of Special Appointment(Eastern Scholar)at Shanghai Institutions of Higher Learning。
文摘Emerging evidence has highlighted the role of gut microbiome in human health.However,the integrative role of gut microbiome and microbial metabolites in acute myocardial infarction(AMI)remains unclear.The current study profiles the microbial community through 16S rRNA gene sequencing and shotgun metagenomic sequencing and measures fecal short-chain fatty acids and circulating choline pathway metabolites among 117 new-onset AMI cases and 78 controls.Significant microbial alternations are observed in AMI patients compared with controls(P=0.001).The abundances of nine species(e.g.,Streptococcus salivarius and Klebsiella pneumoniae)are positively associated,and one species(Roseburia hominis)is inversely associated with AMI status and severity.A gut microbial score at disease onset is associated with the risk of major adverse cardiovascular events in 3.2 years(hazard ratio[95%CI]:2.01[1.04-4.24])in AMI patients.The molar proportions of fecal acetate and butyrate are higher,and the circulating levels of choline and carnitine are lower in AMI patients than in controls.In addition,disease classifiers show that AMI cases and controls have a more distinct pattern in taxonomical composition than in pathways or metabolites.Our findings suggest that microbial composition and functional potentials are associated with AMI status and severity.
文摘Background: Vascular injury presents a great challenge to the trauma and vascular surgeons because it needs urgent diagnosis and intervention. Aims: Prospective cohort study is to determine management and outcome of peripheral vascular injuries in a tertiary centre with very poor facilities. Methods: Analysis of peripheral vascular injuries during August 2013 to August 2014. Results: Total of 47 patients (3.4%) from 1377 total trauma admissions had vascular injuries. Penetrating trauma was present in 93.6% of cases. Brachial artery injury was the highest (31.9%), followed by superficial femoral and popliteal arteries (each with 17% incidence). Vein injury occurred in 61.7% of cases. End-to-end anastomosis performed in 76.6% of cases;arterial ligation was done in 14.9% of cases;venous graft was harvested in 6.4% of cases;and arterial wall was repaired in 2.1% of cases. Conclusions: Early intervention is the most important determinant factor of outcome.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.60236010)the National Technology Research Development Program of China(No.2005AA404210).
文摘On the basis of opto-mechanical effect and micro electromechanical system(MEMS)technology,a novel substrate-free focal plane array(FPA)with the thermal isolated structure for uncooled infrared imaging is developed,even as alternate evaporated Au on SiN cantilever is used for thermal isolation.A human thermal image is obtained successfully by using the infrared imaging system composed of the FPA and optical detecting system.The experiment results show that the realization of thermal isolation structure in substrate-free FPA increases the temperature rise of the deflecting leg effectively,whereas the noise equivalent temperature difference(NETD)is about 200 mK.
文摘msrA encodes an efflux protein in Staphylococcus spp.that confers inducible resistance to macrolides,such as erythromycin(ERY),but not telithromycin(TEL).Thus,msrA+S.aureus remain susceptible to TEL.Production of msrAis regulated by a 320-bp upstream region,presumably by translational attenuation,similar to regulation of erm.We investigated whether ERY could induce TEL resistance in msrA+S.aureus.MICs of ERY and TEL were determined by broth microdilution(BMD).Inducible TEL resistance was detected by a BMD checkerboard panel containing combinations of ERY and TEL and by a D-test where an ERY disk was placed 15mm from a TEL disk on a blood agar plate.Blunting of the TEL zones of inhibition proximal to the ERY disk indicated inducible resistance and no blunting indicated no inducible resistance.Approximately 400bp of the upstream regulatory region and 200bp of msrA were amplified by PCR and sequenced.The TEL MICs for 10 msrA+isolates ranged from 0.06-2g/mL(MIC90=0.25g/mL);ERY MICs were all≥32g/mL.All isolates showed an increase in TEL MICs of>2doubling dilutions(MIC90>4g/mL)in the presence of ERY;All were also positive by D-test.For 9isolates(initial TEL MIC<1g/mL),constitutive TEL resistance was selected by plating cells on Mueller-Hinton agar with 2g/mL TEL.All 9isolates grew on the selective media and were resistant to TEL(MIC ranged 2-8g/mL).Mutation to constitutive resistance occurred at a rate of 8×10-7 to 2.4×10-6.Eight of the 9resistant isolates had a single nucleotide substitution in the upstream regulatory region relative to the parent strain.Specifically,six isolates had a G to T mutation at position-222;one had a C to A mutation at-228;And one had a C to A mutation at-247.Transformation of the msrAgene with above point mutation in regulatory region into S.aureus RN4220conferred the strain resistant(MIC=8g/mL)to the telithromycin while transformants with the wild-type msrAgene remained susceptible(MIC=1g/mL)to telithromycin.
基金supported by the Biodiversity Survey and Assessment Project of the Ministry of Ecology and Environment,China(2019HJ2096001006)National Natural Science Foundation of China(31970402)。
文摘In this paper,two new species are described and illustrated from China:Flavoperla separata Liu,Li&Shali,sp.nov.from Hubei and Shaanxi Provinces and F.qinlinga Liu,Li&Li,sp.nov.from Shaanxi and Sichuan Provinces,with the discussion of their congeners.All type specimens are deposited in the Entomological Museum of China Agricultural University(CAU)and the Henan Institute of Science and Technology(HIST).
文摘目的基于静息脑电(EEG)分析大学生身体活动水平与抑郁症状的关系,探寻身体活动对抑郁症状的潜在作用路径。方法随机招募239名大学生填写《抑郁自评量表》《国际身体活动问卷短卷》,采集5 min EEG信号。结果大学生身体活动水平为1109(509,2232)MET-min/周,抑郁评分为47.401±10.562,二者显著负相关(r=−0.189,P=0.003);中央区、顶区delta功率值,眶额、前额theta功率值与前额alpha1右侧化对抑郁评分具有19.89%的解释力(R2=0.199,P<0.001);顶区、颞区delta功率值,顶区beta1功率值和前额alpha1右侧化与身体活动水平及抑郁评分均显著相关(P<0.05),且相关方向相反;身体活动水平对抑郁评分具有65.37%的直接效应(B=−0.123,95%CI:−0.260~0.016),顶区delta功率值介导16.56%的中介效应(B=−0.031,95%CI:−0.073~−0.005),前额alpha1右侧化介导18.07%的中介效应(B=−0.034,95%CI:−0.072~−0.010)。结论识别抑郁倾向大学生需重点关注中央区、顶区delta功率值的上升和额区theta功率值、前额alpha1右侧化的下降,这可能与其睡眠节律紊乱、情绪调节能力不足及压力感知过大有关;随着身体活动水平增加,其抑郁评分呈下降趋势,顶区delta功率值下降和前额alpha1右侧化上升可能是体育锻炼改善抑郁症状的作用路径,与体育锻炼改善睡眠节律、增强情绪调节能力有关。
