Herpes simplex virus-1 (HSV-1) remains a leading cause of viral disease worldwide and is spread by direct contact with infected lesions. There is no vaccine against HSV-1 infections and there remains a need to identif...Herpes simplex virus-1 (HSV-1) remains a leading cause of viral disease worldwide and is spread by direct contact with infected lesions. There is no vaccine against HSV-1 infections and there remains a need to identify therapeutics that could reduce the spread. In this study various hispolon compounds were analyzed to determine their antiviral potential against HSV-1 infections in cultured Vero cells. To determine the effects on infectivity and possible mechanisms of inhibition, the following assays were conducted. In vitro cytotoxicity assays were conducted to determine the effect of the compounds on cell viability and the maximum non-cytotoxic concentrations. Antiviral assays measured cell viability, percent inhibition of infection following treatment with the compounds, and the effect on the viral infection cycle. These effects were visualized using inverted light and fluorescent microscopy. Of the 24 hispolons tested, only hispolon pyrazole-1 (HISP-1) demonstrated antiviral effects. HISP-1 was demonstrated to effect early stages in HSV-1 infection in cultured Vero cells (attachment, penetration, and post-penetration). In silico modeling analyses were conducted to analyze the interactions between HISP-1 and viral glycoprotein D (gD). HISP-1 is safe at concentrations tested and is effective in inhibiting infection of HSV-1 in cultured cells. HISP-1 has potential for therapeutic use as an antiviral against HSV-1 infection, could work in synergy with other antivirals that work be a different modality, and could be developed as a component of a topical agent to reduce the spread of HSV-1 infections.展开更多
Allicin, an antioxidant, is known for providing garlic with its unique fragrance and taste, as well as for its antimicrobial properties. Black garlic, a fermented form of garlic, contains higher levels of antioxidants...Allicin, an antioxidant, is known for providing garlic with its unique fragrance and taste, as well as for its antimicrobial properties. Black garlic, a fermented form of garlic, contains higher levels of antioxidants than fresh garlic. Antioxidants play a vital role in alleviating cellular stress during viral infections. Viral infections result in oxidative stress through the production of reactive oxidative species (ROS). A prolonged state of oxidative stress can result in cell death, DNA damage, and disease progression. In this study, black garlic extract (BGE) is evaluated for its ability to mitigate cytopathic effects and oxidative stress caused by herpes simplex virus-2 (HSV-2) infections in vitro. Antiviral assays were performed to determine the percent of viral inhibition resulting from treatment with the BGE. ROS-Glo<sup>TM</sup> H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> assays were then completed to measure the post-infection ROS levels of BGE-treated virus and cells. The results thus far suggest that BGE may inhibit viral infection and decrease levels of oxidative stress.展开更多
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of curcumin-treated Herpes simplex virus-1 (HSV-1) and Herpes simplex virus-2 (HSV-2) virions in cultured Vero cells. Previous studies have indicated that curcum...The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of curcumin-treated Herpes simplex virus-1 (HSV-1) and Herpes simplex virus-2 (HSV-2) virions in cultured Vero cells. Previous studies have indicated that curcumin, a polyphenol extracted from the plant Curcuma longa, has demonstrated antiviral properties against a variety of viruses. After establishing the maximum non-cytotoxic concentrations of curcumin on Vero cells, HSV-1 and HSV-2 virions were treated with varying concentrations of curcumin. The effect on infectivity was determined by antiviral assays, using WST-1, plaque assays, adsorption and penetration assays. Treating HSV-1 and HSV-2 viruses with curcumin, at a concentration of 30 μM, reduces the production of infectious HSV-1 and HSV-2 virions in cultured Vero cells by interfering with the adsorption process. These results support the potential of curcumin to be used as a therapeutic agent to reduce the transmission of HSV-1 and HSV-2.展开更多
<div style="text-align:justify;"> <span style="font-family:Verdana;">Enteroviruses are responsible for emerging diseases which cause diverse symptoms and may result in neurological comp...<div style="text-align:justify;"> <span style="font-family:Verdana;">Enteroviruses are responsible for emerging diseases which cause diverse symptoms and may result in neurological complications. An antiviral with multiple mechanisms of action can help prevent enterovirus mediated disease despite differences in the pathogenesis between enteroviruses, including the recently identified enterovirus 69 (EV-69) for which pathogenesis is not well understood. This study investigated the efficacy of epigallocatechin-3-gallate stearate (EGCG-S), a modified form of the antioxidant green tea catechin epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), in inhibiting EV-69 infection of lung fibroblast cells </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">in vitro</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">. Treatment with EGCG-S resulted in moderate protection from EV-69 mediated cytotoxicity as demonstrated by increased metabolic activity as well as maintenance of cell morphology and mitochondrial function. These effects were correlated with reduced hydrogen peroxide production in infected cells following EGCG-S treatment with concentrations less than 100 μM, suggesting a role for inhibition of EV-69 mediated oxidative stress. This study provides insight into characteristics of EV-69 infection as well as the efficacy of EGCG-S mediated inhibition of EV-69 infection.</span> </div>展开更多
文摘Herpes simplex virus-1 (HSV-1) remains a leading cause of viral disease worldwide and is spread by direct contact with infected lesions. There is no vaccine against HSV-1 infections and there remains a need to identify therapeutics that could reduce the spread. In this study various hispolon compounds were analyzed to determine their antiviral potential against HSV-1 infections in cultured Vero cells. To determine the effects on infectivity and possible mechanisms of inhibition, the following assays were conducted. In vitro cytotoxicity assays were conducted to determine the effect of the compounds on cell viability and the maximum non-cytotoxic concentrations. Antiviral assays measured cell viability, percent inhibition of infection following treatment with the compounds, and the effect on the viral infection cycle. These effects were visualized using inverted light and fluorescent microscopy. Of the 24 hispolons tested, only hispolon pyrazole-1 (HISP-1) demonstrated antiviral effects. HISP-1 was demonstrated to effect early stages in HSV-1 infection in cultured Vero cells (attachment, penetration, and post-penetration). In silico modeling analyses were conducted to analyze the interactions between HISP-1 and viral glycoprotein D (gD). HISP-1 is safe at concentrations tested and is effective in inhibiting infection of HSV-1 in cultured cells. HISP-1 has potential for therapeutic use as an antiviral against HSV-1 infection, could work in synergy with other antivirals that work be a different modality, and could be developed as a component of a topical agent to reduce the spread of HSV-1 infections.
文摘Allicin, an antioxidant, is known for providing garlic with its unique fragrance and taste, as well as for its antimicrobial properties. Black garlic, a fermented form of garlic, contains higher levels of antioxidants than fresh garlic. Antioxidants play a vital role in alleviating cellular stress during viral infections. Viral infections result in oxidative stress through the production of reactive oxidative species (ROS). A prolonged state of oxidative stress can result in cell death, DNA damage, and disease progression. In this study, black garlic extract (BGE) is evaluated for its ability to mitigate cytopathic effects and oxidative stress caused by herpes simplex virus-2 (HSV-2) infections in vitro. Antiviral assays were performed to determine the percent of viral inhibition resulting from treatment with the BGE. ROS-Glo<sup>TM</sup> H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> assays were then completed to measure the post-infection ROS levels of BGE-treated virus and cells. The results thus far suggest that BGE may inhibit viral infection and decrease levels of oxidative stress.
文摘The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of curcumin-treated Herpes simplex virus-1 (HSV-1) and Herpes simplex virus-2 (HSV-2) virions in cultured Vero cells. Previous studies have indicated that curcumin, a polyphenol extracted from the plant Curcuma longa, has demonstrated antiviral properties against a variety of viruses. After establishing the maximum non-cytotoxic concentrations of curcumin on Vero cells, HSV-1 and HSV-2 virions were treated with varying concentrations of curcumin. The effect on infectivity was determined by antiviral assays, using WST-1, plaque assays, adsorption and penetration assays. Treating HSV-1 and HSV-2 viruses with curcumin, at a concentration of 30 μM, reduces the production of infectious HSV-1 and HSV-2 virions in cultured Vero cells by interfering with the adsorption process. These results support the potential of curcumin to be used as a therapeutic agent to reduce the transmission of HSV-1 and HSV-2.
文摘<div style="text-align:justify;"> <span style="font-family:Verdana;">Enteroviruses are responsible for emerging diseases which cause diverse symptoms and may result in neurological complications. An antiviral with multiple mechanisms of action can help prevent enterovirus mediated disease despite differences in the pathogenesis between enteroviruses, including the recently identified enterovirus 69 (EV-69) for which pathogenesis is not well understood. This study investigated the efficacy of epigallocatechin-3-gallate stearate (EGCG-S), a modified form of the antioxidant green tea catechin epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), in inhibiting EV-69 infection of lung fibroblast cells </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">in vitro</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">. Treatment with EGCG-S resulted in moderate protection from EV-69 mediated cytotoxicity as demonstrated by increased metabolic activity as well as maintenance of cell morphology and mitochondrial function. These effects were correlated with reduced hydrogen peroxide production in infected cells following EGCG-S treatment with concentrations less than 100 μM, suggesting a role for inhibition of EV-69 mediated oxidative stress. This study provides insight into characteristics of EV-69 infection as well as the efficacy of EGCG-S mediated inhibition of EV-69 infection.</span> </div>
