<div style="text-align:justify;"> <span style="font-family:Verdana;">Stroke is the second highest cause of death globally and a leading cause of not only physical disability but also co...<div style="text-align:justify;"> <span style="font-family:Verdana;">Stroke is the second highest cause of death globally and a leading cause of not only physical disability but also cognitive. Approximately two-thirds of Ischemic Stroke patients, who represent the most common type of stroke are found to have mild deficits. Minor stroke, sometimes also referred to as “mild stroke”, is often defined in research studies as a National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score of 5 or less, although, the cut point for NIHSS score or standardized criterion to define minor stroke has not been established. In the past, many studies have been focusing on the definition of the minor stroke to better stabilize the acute treatment guidelines, to predict the functional outcome, and also for early risk factors stratification. Different studies use different criteria or different cut-points of NIHSS scores to define minor stroke. Aside from indecision of acute management of minor stroke, many other questions have been raised regarding minor strokes, for example, the interaction of large vessel occlusion with minor stroke, the prevalence rate of depression, anxiety, cognitive dysfunction, chronic head after minor stroke, and so on. Finding a universal definition for minor stroke is the key to establish the guideline for management for this group of patients. However, the guidance of treatment of minor stroke is not the focus of this review. The review will focus on the deep comprehension of minor stroke characteristics, summarizing the new findings related to minor stroke, and highlight the essential points to consider for characterizing mild stroke symptoms for a new direction guide for future studies.</span> </div>展开更多
<span style="font-family:Verdana;">Ischemic strokes (IS), also referred to as cerebral ischemia or brain ischemia, is a significant cause to the brain cells damage or death. Approximately, 10% - 14% of...<span style="font-family:Verdana;">Ischemic strokes (IS), also referred to as cerebral ischemia or brain ischemia, is a significant cause to the brain cells damage or death. Approximately, 10% - 14% of ischemic strokes cases occurred in young adults. Hence, we conducted a meta-analysis to find the effective interventions to prevent the best strokes caused by cerebral infarction in young adults. The search was done in different databases, including Google scholar, PubMed, Embase, Medline, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Cochrane Database, Scopus, and Web of Science from January 2016 to April 2020, and only English published articles were considered. Our analysis included studies that stratified the risk of ischemic stroke by CHA2DS2-VASc score for patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation. Further, random effects model was used to estimate the summary annual rate of IS. Pooled relative risks and odds ratios, with their 95% confidence intervals, were calculated, respectively. The analysis was conducted using STATA (version 12), pooled effect sizes were calculated using the random-effects model and heterogeneity was tested for using the <em>I</em><sup><em>2</em></sup> statistic. The analysis included 13 studies. The analysis shows that diabetes, high blood pressure, ischemic heart disease, atrial fibrillation, hypercholesterolemia, alcohol consumption and smoking are significant risk factors. In Caucasian and Chinese ischemic stroke patients, the risk factor associations associated with ischemic stroke subtypes are similar. Compared to all other ischemia subtypes, diabetes is more familiar with aortic stroke, atrial fibrillation, ischemic heart disease (with obstruction), hypertension and diabetes. Our research shows that atrial fibrillation, ischemic heart disease, and hypercholesterolemia are low in patients with ischemic stroke and the risk factors are higher. Further analysis of each patient’s data is required to enable confounders’ adjustments to confirm and expand these findings.</span>展开更多
文摘<div style="text-align:justify;"> <span style="font-family:Verdana;">Stroke is the second highest cause of death globally and a leading cause of not only physical disability but also cognitive. Approximately two-thirds of Ischemic Stroke patients, who represent the most common type of stroke are found to have mild deficits. Minor stroke, sometimes also referred to as “mild stroke”, is often defined in research studies as a National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score of 5 or less, although, the cut point for NIHSS score or standardized criterion to define minor stroke has not been established. In the past, many studies have been focusing on the definition of the minor stroke to better stabilize the acute treatment guidelines, to predict the functional outcome, and also for early risk factors stratification. Different studies use different criteria or different cut-points of NIHSS scores to define minor stroke. Aside from indecision of acute management of minor stroke, many other questions have been raised regarding minor strokes, for example, the interaction of large vessel occlusion with minor stroke, the prevalence rate of depression, anxiety, cognitive dysfunction, chronic head after minor stroke, and so on. Finding a universal definition for minor stroke is the key to establish the guideline for management for this group of patients. However, the guidance of treatment of minor stroke is not the focus of this review. The review will focus on the deep comprehension of minor stroke characteristics, summarizing the new findings related to minor stroke, and highlight the essential points to consider for characterizing mild stroke symptoms for a new direction guide for future studies.</span> </div>
文摘<span style="font-family:Verdana;">Ischemic strokes (IS), also referred to as cerebral ischemia or brain ischemia, is a significant cause to the brain cells damage or death. Approximately, 10% - 14% of ischemic strokes cases occurred in young adults. Hence, we conducted a meta-analysis to find the effective interventions to prevent the best strokes caused by cerebral infarction in young adults. The search was done in different databases, including Google scholar, PubMed, Embase, Medline, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Cochrane Database, Scopus, and Web of Science from January 2016 to April 2020, and only English published articles were considered. Our analysis included studies that stratified the risk of ischemic stroke by CHA2DS2-VASc score for patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation. Further, random effects model was used to estimate the summary annual rate of IS. Pooled relative risks and odds ratios, with their 95% confidence intervals, were calculated, respectively. The analysis was conducted using STATA (version 12), pooled effect sizes were calculated using the random-effects model and heterogeneity was tested for using the <em>I</em><sup><em>2</em></sup> statistic. The analysis included 13 studies. The analysis shows that diabetes, high blood pressure, ischemic heart disease, atrial fibrillation, hypercholesterolemia, alcohol consumption and smoking are significant risk factors. In Caucasian and Chinese ischemic stroke patients, the risk factor associations associated with ischemic stroke subtypes are similar. Compared to all other ischemia subtypes, diabetes is more familiar with aortic stroke, atrial fibrillation, ischemic heart disease (with obstruction), hypertension and diabetes. Our research shows that atrial fibrillation, ischemic heart disease, and hypercholesterolemia are low in patients with ischemic stroke and the risk factors are higher. Further analysis of each patient’s data is required to enable confounders’ adjustments to confirm and expand these findings.</span>
