Background： Gestational diabetes mellitus （GDM） is associated with both short- and long-term adverse health consequences for both the mother and her offspring. The aim was to study the prevalence and risk factors f...Background： Gestational diabetes mellitus （GDM） is associated with both short- and long-term adverse health consequences for both the mother and her offspring. The aim was to study the prevalence and risk factors for GDM in Beijing. Methods： The study population consisted of 15,194 pregnant women attending prenatal care in 15 hospitals in Beijing, who delivered between June 20, 2013, and November 30, 2013, after 28 weeks of gestation. The participants were selected by cluster sampling from the 15 hospitals identified through random systematic sampling based on the number of deliveries in 2012. A questionnaire was designed to collect information. Results： A total of 2987 （19.7%） women were diagnosed with GDM and 208 （1.4%） had diabetes in pregnancy （DIP）, Age （OR： 1.053, 95% CI： 1.033-1.074, P 〈 0.01）, family history of diabetes mellitus （OR： 1.481, 95% CI：1.254 1.748, P 〈 0.01）, prepregnancy body mass index （BMI） （OR： 1.481, 95% CI：1.254 1.748, P 〈 0.01）, BMI gain before 24 weeks （OR： 1.126, 95% CI： 1.075-1.800, P 〈 0.01 ）, maternal birth weight （P 〈 0.01）, and fasting plasma glucose at the first prenatal visit （P 〈 0.01） were identified as risk factors for GDM. In women with birth weight 〈3000 g, GDM rate was significantly higher. Conclusions： One out of every five pregnant women in Beijing either had GDM or DIP and this constitutes a huge health burden for health services. Prepregnancy BMI and weight gain before 24^th week are important modifiable risk factors for GDM. Ensuring birth weight above 3000 g may help reduce risk for future GDM among female offsprings.展开更多
1 Introduction Rapid socioeconomic progress has greatly affected the lifestyle in China.Consequently,owing to lifestyle changes,urbanization,and accelerated population aging,the risk of cardiovascular diseases(CVD)has...1 Introduction Rapid socioeconomic progress has greatly affected the lifestyle in China.Consequently,owing to lifestyle changes,urbanization,and accelerated population aging,the risk of cardiovascular diseases(CVD)has increased.The incidence of CVD has been increasing continuously and this upward trend is projected to continue in the next decade.The growing burden of CVD has become a major public health issue.展开更多
Cattle encephalon glycoside and ignotin(CEGI)injection is a compound preparation formed by a combination of muscle extract from hea lthy rabbits and brain gangliosides from cattle,and it is generally used as a neuropr...Cattle encephalon glycoside and ignotin(CEGI)injection is a compound preparation formed by a combination of muscle extract from hea lthy rabbits and brain gangliosides from cattle,and it is generally used as a neuroprotectant in the treatment of central and peripheral nerve injuries.However,there is still a need for high-level clinical evidence from large samples to support the use of CEGI.We therefore carried out a prospective,multicenter,randomized,double-blind,parallel-group,placebo-controlled study in which we recruited 319 patients with acute cerebral infarction from 16 centers in China from October 2013 to May 2016.The patients were randomized at a 3:1 ratio into CEGI(n=239;155 male,84 female;61.2±9.2 years old)and placebo(n=80;46 male,34 female;63.2±8.28 years old)groups.All patients were given standard care once daily for 14 days,including a 200 mg aspirin enteric-coated tablet and 20 mg atorvastatin calcium,both taken orally,and intravenous infusion of 250–500 mL 0.9%sodium chloride containing 40 mg sodium tanshinone IIA sulfonate.Based on conventional treatment,patients in the CEGI and placebo groups were given 12 mL CEGI or 12 mL sterile water,respectively,in an intravenous drip of 250 mL 0.9%sodium chloride(2 mL/min)once daily for 14 days.According to baseline National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale scores,patients in the two groups were divided into mild and moderate subgroups.Based on the modified Rankin Scale results,the rate of patients with good outcomes in the CEGI group was higher than that in the placebo group,and the rate of disability in the CEGI group was lower than that in the placebo group on day 90 after treatment.In the CEGI group,neurological deficits were decreased on days 14 and 90 after treatment,as measured by the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale and the Barthel Index.Subgroup analysis revealed that CEGI led to more significant improvements in moderate stroke patients.No drug-related adverse events occurred in the CEGI or placebo groups.In conclusion,CEGI may be a 展开更多
1 Introduction Major and profound changes have taken place in China over the past 30 years. An epidemic of cardiovascular diseases （CVD） in China is emerging as a result of lifestyle changes, urbanization, and the ...1 Introduction Major and profound changes have taken place in China over the past 30 years. An epidemic of cardiovascular diseases （CVD） in China is emerging as a result of lifestyle changes, urbanization, and the accelerated process of aging. The incidence of CVD is continuously increasing and will remain an upward trend in the next decade. Since 2005,展开更多
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma(NPC)is a malignant epithelial tumor originating in the nasopharynx and has a high incidence in Southeast Asia and North Africa.To develop these comprehensive guidelines for the diagnosis and m...Nasopharyngeal carcinoma(NPC)is a malignant epithelial tumor originating in the nasopharynx and has a high incidence in Southeast Asia and North Africa.To develop these comprehensive guidelines for the diagnosis and management of NPC,the Chinese Society of Clinical Oncology(CSCO)arranged a multi-disciplinary team comprising of experts from all sub-specialties of NPC to write,discuss,and revise the guidelines.Based on the findings of evidencebased medicine in China and abroad,domestic experts have iteratively developed these guidelines to provide proper management of NPC.Overall,the guidelines describe the screening,clinical and pathological diagnosis,staging and risk assessment,therapies,and follow-up of NPC,which aim to improve the management of NPC.展开更多
AIM To investigate the relationship between the expression of p16 gene and the gastric carcinogenesis,depth of invasion and lymph node metastases, and to evaluate the deletion and mutation of exon 2 in p16 gene in gas...AIM To investigate the relationship between the expression of p16 gene and the gastric carcinogenesis,depth of invasion and lymph node metastases, and to evaluate the deletion and mutation of exon 2 in p16 gene in gastric carcinoma.METHODS The expression of P16 protein was examined by streptavidin-peroxidase conjugated method (S-P); the deletion and mutation of p16 gene were respectively examined by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and polymerase chain reaction single-strand conformation polymorphism analysis (PCR-SSCP) in gastric carcinoma.RESULTS Expression of P16 protein was detected in 96.25% (77/80) of the normal gastric mucosa, in 92.00% (45/50) of the dysplastic gastric mucosa and in 47.54% (58/122) of the gastric carcinoma. The positive rate of P16 protein expression in gastric carcinoma was significantly lower than that in normal gastric mucosa and dysplastic gastric mucosa (P＜0.05). The positive rate of P16 protein expression in mucoid carcinoma 10.00% (1/ 10) was significantly lower than that in poorly differentiated carcinoma 51.22% ( 21/ 41 ),undifferentiated carcinoma 57.69% (15/26) and signet ring cell carcinoma 62.50% (10/ 16) (P＜0.05). The positive rate of p16 protein in 30 cases paired primary and lymph node metastatic gastric carcinoma: There was 46.67% (14/30) in primary gastric carcinoma, 16.67% (5/30) in lymph node metastatic gastric carcinoma. The positive rate of lymph node metastatic carcinoma was significantly lower than that of primary carcinoma (P＜0.05). There was of p16 gene mutation in exon 2, but 5 cases displayed deletion of p16 gene in exon 2 in the 25 primary gastric carcinomas.CONCLUSIONS The expression loss of P16 protein related to the gastric carcinogenesis, gastric carcinoma histopathological subtypes and lymph metastasis. The mutation of p16 gene in exon 2 may not be involved in gastric carcinogenesis. But the deletion of p16 gene in exon 2 may be involved in gastric carcinogenesis.展开更多
AIM： To explore the expression of p53, bcl-2, bax, survivin and the cell apoptosis during the development of tree shrew hepatocellular carcinoma （HCC）, the relationship between expression of these genes, its impact...AIM： To explore the expression of p53, bcl-2, bax, survivin and the cell apoptosis during the development of tree shrew hepatocellular carcinoma （HCC）, the relationship between expression of these genes, its impact on HCC development, and its relation to cell apoptosis. METHODS： Tree shrew HCC was induced with aflatoxin B1 （AFB1）, and regular biopsy of liver tissues was carried out and the biopsy tissues were collected during cancer inducement. Liver biopsy tissue and HCC tissue were collected from 35 pre-cancerous experimental animals at wk 30 and 60 and at the 30^th, 60^th, and 90^th -wk. Liver biopsy tissues were collected from 13 blank control animals at wk 30, 60, and 90. Expression of p53, bcl-2, bax, and survivin at each stage was examined by immunohistochemistry method. Apoptotic cells were detected in situ by the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated nick end labeling （TUNEL） technique. RESULTS： The apoptosis rate of normal hepatic cells was extremely low, whereas it increased during the formation of HCC. Expression of the apoptosis-related genes p53, bcl-2, bax, and survivin during the formation of HCC presented an increasing tendency. Expression of p53 did not noticeably relate to that of bcl-2, bax, and survivin, whereas expression of bcl-2 and bax was closely related. In HCC, p53 did not present a distinct relation to cell apoptosis, whereas its high level expression was probably related to liver cell proliferation. Survivin negatively correlated apoptosis index, and its overexpression could inhibit cell apoptosis. CONCLUSION： Apoptosis-related genes p53, bcl-2, bax, and survivin are all related to the occurrence of HCC. The anti-apoptosis effect of bcl-2 is influenced by bax, and ratio bcl/bax reflects more correctly the extent of cell apoptosis.展开更多
The Large Sky Area Multi-Object Fiber Spectroscopic Telescope (LAMOST, also called the Guo Shou Jing Telescope) is a special reflecting Schmidt telescope. LAMOST’s special design allows both a large aperture (effecti...The Large Sky Area Multi-Object Fiber Spectroscopic Telescope (LAMOST, also called the Guo Shou Jing Telescope) is a special reflecting Schmidt telescope. LAMOST’s special design allows both a large aperture (effective aperture of 3.6 m–4.9 m) and a wide field of view (FOV) (5°). It has an innovative active reflecting Schmidt configuration which continuously changes the mirror’s surface that adjusts during the observation process and combines thin deformable mirror active optics with segmented active optics. Its primary mirror (6.67m×6.05 m) and active Schmidt mirror (5.74m×4.40 m) are both segmented, and composed of 37 and 24 hexagonal sub-mirrors respectively. By using a parallel controllable fiber positioning technique, the focal surface of 1.75 m in diameter can accommodate 4000 optical fibers. Also, LAMOST has 16 spectrographs with 32 CCD cameras. LAMOST will be the telescope with the highest rate of spectral acquisition. As a national large scientific project, the LAMOST project was formally proposed in 1996, and approved by the Chinese government in 1997. The construction started in 2001, was completed in 2008 and passed the official acceptance in June 2009. The LAMOST pilot survey was started in October 2011 and the spectroscopic survey will launch in September 2012. Up to now, LAMOST has released more than 480 000 spectra of objects. LAMOST will make an important contribution to the study of the large-scale structure of the Universe, structure and evolution of the Galaxy, and cross-identification of multiwaveband properties in celestial objects.展开更多
BACKGROUND:Contrast agents help to improve visibility in magnetic resonance(MR)imaging.However,owing to the large interstitial spaces of the liver,there is a reduction in the natural contrast gradient between lesions ...BACKGROUND:Contrast agents help to improve visibility in magnetic resonance(MR)imaging.However,owing to the large interstitial spaces of the liver,there is a reduction in the natural contrast gradient between lesions and healthy tissue.This study was undertaken to evaluate the efficacy and safety of the liverspecific MR imaging contrast agent gadoxetate disodium(GdEOB-DTPA)in Chinese patients.METHODS:This was a single-arm,open-label,multicenter study in patients with known or suspected focal liver lesions referred for contrast-enhanced MR imaging.MR imaging was performed in 234 patients before and after a single intravenous bolus of Gd-EOB-DTPA(0.025 mmol/kg body weight).Images were evaluated by clinical study investigators and three independent,blinded radiologists.The primary efficacy endpoint was sensitivity in lesion detection.RESULTS:Gd-EOB-DTPA improved sensitivity in lesion detection by 9.46%compared with pre-contrast imaging for the average of the three blinded readers(94.78%vs 85.32%for Gd-EOB-DTPA vs pre-contrast,respectively).Improvements in detection were more pronounced in lesions less than 1cm.Gd-EOB-DTPA improved diagnostic accuracy in lesion classification.CONCLUSIONS:This open-label study demonstrated that Gd-EOB-DTPA improves diagnostic sensitivity in liver lesions,particularly in those smaller than 1 cm.Gd-EOB-DTPA also significantly improves the diagnostic accuracy in lesion classification,and furthermore,Gd-EOB-DTPA is safe in Chinese patients with liver lesions.展开更多
Background：One-lung ventilation （OLV） is a common ventilation technology during thoracic surgery that can cause serious clinical problems.We aimed to conduct a meta-analysis to compare oxygenation and intrapulmonar...Background：One-lung ventilation （OLV） is a common ventilation technology during thoracic surgery that can cause serious clinical problems.We aimed to conduct a meta-analysis to compare oxygenation and intrapulmonary shunt during OLV in adults undergoing thoracic surgery with dexmedetomidine （Dex） versus placebo to assess the influence and safety of using Dex.Methods：Randomized controlled trials comparing lung protection in patients who underwent thoracic surgery with Dex or a placebo were retrieved from PubMed,EMBASE,MEDLINE,Cochrane Library,and China CNKI database.The following information was extracted from the paper：arterial oxygen partial pressure （PaO2）,PaO2/inspired oxygen concentration （PaO2/FiO2,oxygenation index [OI]）,intrapulmonary shunt （calculated as Qs/Qt）,mean arterial pressure （MAP）,heart rate （HR）,tumor necrosis factor-α （TNF-α）,interleukin （IL）-6,superoxide dismutase （SOD）,and malondialdehyde （MDA）.Results：Fourteen randomized controlled trials were included containing a total of 625 patients.Compared with placebo group,Dex significantly increased PaO2/FiO2 （standard mean difference [SMD] =0.98,95% confidence interval [CI] [0.72,1.23],P 〈 0.00001）.Besides,Qs/Qt （SMD=-1.22,95% CI [-2.20,-0.23],P =0.020）,HR （SMD=-0.69,95% CI [-1.20,0.17],P =0.009）,MAP （SMD=-0.44,95% CI [-0.84,0.04],P =0.030）,the concentrations ofTNF-α （SMD =-1.55,95% CI [-2.16,-0.95],P 〈0.001）,and IL-6 （SMD =-1.53,95% CI [-2.37,-0.70],P =0.0003） were decreased in the treated group,when compared to placebo group.No significant difference was found in MDA （SMD =-1.14,95% CI [-3.48,1.20],P =0.340） and SOD （SMD =0.41,95% CI [-0.29,1.10],P =0.250） between the Dex group and the placebo group.Funnel plots did not detect any significant publication bias.Conclusions：Dex may improve OI and reduce intrapulmonary shunt during OLV in adults undergoing thoracic surgery.However,this conclusion might be weakened by the limited number of pooled studies and p展开更多
Andrias davidianus,i.e.Chinese giant salamander(CGS),is one of the largest and oldest amphibians existing in the world and is also one of the valuable biological resources of China.Wild CGS has been threatened with ex...Andrias davidianus,i.e.Chinese giant salamander(CGS),is one of the largest and oldest amphibians existing in the world and is also one of the valuable biological resources of China.Wild CGS has been threatened with extinction in the past decades due to over capturing,deterioration of natural environment,the slow breeding and growth of the wild species in nature.However,in the past twenty years,with the breakthrough and progress of artificial breeding technology by artificial insemination,the number of artificially cultivated CGS has increased rapidly.Artificially cultivated CGS can either be released to the CGS living environment to increase the population in nature or legally applied in food and medicinal industry as a feedstock due to the unique nutritional and medicinal values of CGS as recorded historically.In this review,the nutritional components,bioactive components and medicinal activities of the artificially cultivated CGS will be summarized.The mucus,skin,meat and bone of CGS contain many different bioactive substances thereby having various medicinal activities including anti-aging,anti-fatigue,anti-tumor,therapy of burn and anti-infection and other physiological functions.This paper will further discuss the potential applications of the artificially cultivated CGS in healthcare industry and prospects of future technological development.展开更多
文摘Background： Gestational diabetes mellitus （GDM） is associated with both short- and long-term adverse health consequences for both the mother and her offspring. The aim was to study the prevalence and risk factors for GDM in Beijing. Methods： The study population consisted of 15,194 pregnant women attending prenatal care in 15 hospitals in Beijing, who delivered between June 20, 2013, and November 30, 2013, after 28 weeks of gestation. The participants were selected by cluster sampling from the 15 hospitals identified through random systematic sampling based on the number of deliveries in 2012. A questionnaire was designed to collect information. Results： A total of 2987 （19.7%） women were diagnosed with GDM and 208 （1.4%） had diabetes in pregnancy （DIP）, Age （OR： 1.053, 95% CI： 1.033-1.074, P 〈 0.01）, family history of diabetes mellitus （OR： 1.481, 95% CI：1.254 1.748, P 〈 0.01）, prepregnancy body mass index （BMI） （OR： 1.481, 95% CI：1.254 1.748, P 〈 0.01）, BMI gain before 24 weeks （OR： 1.126, 95% CI： 1.075-1.800, P 〈 0.01 ）, maternal birth weight （P 〈 0.01）, and fasting plasma glucose at the first prenatal visit （P 〈 0.01） were identified as risk factors for GDM. In women with birth weight 〈3000 g, GDM rate was significantly higher. Conclusions： One out of every five pregnant women in Beijing either had GDM or DIP and this constitutes a huge health burden for health services. Prepregnancy BMI and weight gain before 24^th week are important modifiable risk factors for GDM. Ensuring birth weight above 3000 g may help reduce risk for future GDM among female offsprings.
文摘1 Introduction Rapid socioeconomic progress has greatly affected the lifestyle in China.Consequently,owing to lifestyle changes,urbanization,and accelerated population aging,the risk of cardiovascular diseases(CVD)has increased.The incidence of CVD has been increasing continuously and this upward trend is projected to continue in the next decade.The growing burden of CVD has become a major public health issue.
文摘Cattle encephalon glycoside and ignotin(CEGI)injection is a compound preparation formed by a combination of muscle extract from hea lthy rabbits and brain gangliosides from cattle,and it is generally used as a neuroprotectant in the treatment of central and peripheral nerve injuries.However,there is still a need for high-level clinical evidence from large samples to support the use of CEGI.We therefore carried out a prospective,multicenter,randomized,double-blind,parallel-group,placebo-controlled study in which we recruited 319 patients with acute cerebral infarction from 16 centers in China from October 2013 to May 2016.The patients were randomized at a 3:1 ratio into CEGI(n=239;155 male,84 female;61.2±9.2 years old)and placebo(n=80;46 male,34 female;63.2±8.28 years old)groups.All patients were given standard care once daily for 14 days,including a 200 mg aspirin enteric-coated tablet and 20 mg atorvastatin calcium,both taken orally,and intravenous infusion of 250–500 mL 0.9%sodium chloride containing 40 mg sodium tanshinone IIA sulfonate.Based on conventional treatment,patients in the CEGI and placebo groups were given 12 mL CEGI or 12 mL sterile water,respectively,in an intravenous drip of 250 mL 0.9%sodium chloride(2 mL/min)once daily for 14 days.According to baseline National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale scores,patients in the two groups were divided into mild and moderate subgroups.Based on the modified Rankin Scale results,the rate of patients with good outcomes in the CEGI group was higher than that in the placebo group,and the rate of disability in the CEGI group was lower than that in the placebo group on day 90 after treatment.In the CEGI group,neurological deficits were decreased on days 14 and 90 after treatment,as measured by the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale and the Barthel Index.Subgroup analysis revealed that CEGI led to more significant improvements in moderate stroke patients.No drug-related adverse events occurred in the CEGI or placebo groups.In conclusion,CEGI may be a
文摘1 Introduction Major and profound changes have taken place in China over the past 30 years. An epidemic of cardiovascular diseases （CVD） in China is emerging as a result of lifestyle changes, urbanization, and the accelerated process of aging. The incidence of CVD is continuously increasing and will remain an upward trend in the next decade. Since 2005,
文摘Nasopharyngeal carcinoma(NPC)is a malignant epithelial tumor originating in the nasopharynx and has a high incidence in Southeast Asia and North Africa.To develop these comprehensive guidelines for the diagnosis and management of NPC,the Chinese Society of Clinical Oncology(CSCO)arranged a multi-disciplinary team comprising of experts from all sub-specialties of NPC to write,discuss,and revise the guidelines.Based on the findings of evidencebased medicine in China and abroad,domestic experts have iteratively developed these guidelines to provide proper management of NPC.Overall,the guidelines describe the screening,clinical and pathological diagnosis,staging and risk assessment,therapies,and follow-up of NPC,which aim to improve the management of NPC.
基金the grant from the Teaching Committee of HunanProvince,No.97B095the"8th 5-year Plan"of Health Department of Hunan Province,No.9301
文摘AIM To investigate the relationship between the expression of p16 gene and the gastric carcinogenesis,depth of invasion and lymph node metastases, and to evaluate the deletion and mutation of exon 2 in p16 gene in gastric carcinoma.METHODS The expression of P16 protein was examined by streptavidin-peroxidase conjugated method (S-P); the deletion and mutation of p16 gene were respectively examined by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and polymerase chain reaction single-strand conformation polymorphism analysis (PCR-SSCP) in gastric carcinoma.RESULTS Expression of P16 protein was detected in 96.25% (77/80) of the normal gastric mucosa, in 92.00% (45/50) of the dysplastic gastric mucosa and in 47.54% (58/122) of the gastric carcinoma. The positive rate of P16 protein expression in gastric carcinoma was significantly lower than that in normal gastric mucosa and dysplastic gastric mucosa (P＜0.05). The positive rate of P16 protein expression in mucoid carcinoma 10.00% (1/ 10) was significantly lower than that in poorly differentiated carcinoma 51.22% ( 21/ 41 ),undifferentiated carcinoma 57.69% (15/26) and signet ring cell carcinoma 62.50% (10/ 16) (P＜0.05). The positive rate of p16 protein in 30 cases paired primary and lymph node metastatic gastric carcinoma: There was 46.67% (14/30) in primary gastric carcinoma, 16.67% (5/30) in lymph node metastatic gastric carcinoma. The positive rate of lymph node metastatic carcinoma was significantly lower than that of primary carcinoma (P＜0.05). There was of p16 gene mutation in exon 2, but 5 cases displayed deletion of p16 gene in exon 2 in the 25 primary gastric carcinomas.CONCLUSIONS The expression loss of P16 protein related to the gastric carcinogenesis, gastric carcinoma histopathological subtypes and lymph metastasis. The mutation of p16 gene in exon 2 may not be involved in gastric carcinogenesis. But the deletion of p16 gene in exon 2 may be involved in gastric carcinogenesis.
基金Supported by the Science and Technology Department of Guangxi,No. 0143058,No. 0144002The National Natural Science Foundation of China, No. 39860072
文摘AIM： To explore the expression of p53, bcl-2, bax, survivin and the cell apoptosis during the development of tree shrew hepatocellular carcinoma （HCC）, the relationship between expression of these genes, its impact on HCC development, and its relation to cell apoptosis. METHODS： Tree shrew HCC was induced with aflatoxin B1 （AFB1）, and regular biopsy of liver tissues was carried out and the biopsy tissues were collected during cancer inducement. Liver biopsy tissue and HCC tissue were collected from 35 pre-cancerous experimental animals at wk 30 and 60 and at the 30^th, 60^th, and 90^th -wk. Liver biopsy tissues were collected from 13 blank control animals at wk 30, 60, and 90. Expression of p53, bcl-2, bax, and survivin at each stage was examined by immunohistochemistry method. Apoptotic cells were detected in situ by the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated nick end labeling （TUNEL） technique. RESULTS： The apoptosis rate of normal hepatic cells was extremely low, whereas it increased during the formation of HCC. Expression of the apoptosis-related genes p53, bcl-2, bax, and survivin during the formation of HCC presented an increasing tendency. Expression of p53 did not noticeably relate to that of bcl-2, bax, and survivin, whereas expression of bcl-2 and bax was closely related. In HCC, p53 did not present a distinct relation to cell apoptosis, whereas its high level expression was probably related to liver cell proliferation. Survivin negatively correlated apoptosis index, and its overexpression could inhibit cell apoptosis. CONCLUSION： Apoptosis-related genes p53, bcl-2, bax, and survivin are all related to the occurrence of HCC. The anti-apoptosis effect of bcl-2 is influenced by bax, and ratio bcl/bax reflects more correctly the extent of cell apoptosis.
文摘The Large Sky Area Multi-Object Fiber Spectroscopic Telescope (LAMOST, also called the Guo Shou Jing Telescope) is a special reflecting Schmidt telescope. LAMOST’s special design allows both a large aperture (effective aperture of 3.6 m–4.9 m) and a wide field of view (FOV) (5°). It has an innovative active reflecting Schmidt configuration which continuously changes the mirror’s surface that adjusts during the observation process and combines thin deformable mirror active optics with segmented active optics. Its primary mirror (6.67m×6.05 m) and active Schmidt mirror (5.74m×4.40 m) are both segmented, and composed of 37 and 24 hexagonal sub-mirrors respectively. By using a parallel controllable fiber positioning technique, the focal surface of 1.75 m in diameter can accommodate 4000 optical fibers. Also, LAMOST has 16 spectrographs with 32 CCD cameras. LAMOST will be the telescope with the highest rate of spectral acquisition. As a national large scientific project, the LAMOST project was formally proposed in 1996, and approved by the Chinese government in 1997. The construction started in 2001, was completed in 2008 and passed the official acceptance in June 2009. The LAMOST pilot survey was started in October 2011 and the spectroscopic survey will launch in September 2012. Up to now, LAMOST has released more than 480 000 spectra of objects. LAMOST will make an important contribution to the study of the large-scale structure of the Universe, structure and evolution of the Galaxy, and cross-identification of multiwaveband properties in celestial objects.
基金supported by a grant from Bayer HealthCare/Bayer Schering Pharma AG
文摘BACKGROUND:Contrast agents help to improve visibility in magnetic resonance(MR)imaging.However,owing to the large interstitial spaces of the liver,there is a reduction in the natural contrast gradient between lesions and healthy tissue.This study was undertaken to evaluate the efficacy and safety of the liverspecific MR imaging contrast agent gadoxetate disodium(GdEOB-DTPA)in Chinese patients.METHODS:This was a single-arm,open-label,multicenter study in patients with known or suspected focal liver lesions referred for contrast-enhanced MR imaging.MR imaging was performed in 234 patients before and after a single intravenous bolus of Gd-EOB-DTPA(0.025 mmol/kg body weight).Images were evaluated by clinical study investigators and three independent,blinded radiologists.The primary efficacy endpoint was sensitivity in lesion detection.RESULTS:Gd-EOB-DTPA improved sensitivity in lesion detection by 9.46%compared with pre-contrast imaging for the average of the three blinded readers(94.78%vs 85.32%for Gd-EOB-DTPA vs pre-contrast,respectively).Improvements in detection were more pronounced in lesions less than 1cm.Gd-EOB-DTPA improved diagnostic accuracy in lesion classification.CONCLUSIONS:This open-label study demonstrated that Gd-EOB-DTPA improves diagnostic sensitivity in liver lesions,particularly in those smaller than 1 cm.Gd-EOB-DTPA also significantly improves the diagnostic accuracy in lesion classification,and furthermore,Gd-EOB-DTPA is safe in Chinese patients with liver lesions.
文摘Background：One-lung ventilation （OLV） is a common ventilation technology during thoracic surgery that can cause serious clinical problems.We aimed to conduct a meta-analysis to compare oxygenation and intrapulmonary shunt during OLV in adults undergoing thoracic surgery with dexmedetomidine （Dex） versus placebo to assess the influence and safety of using Dex.Methods：Randomized controlled trials comparing lung protection in patients who underwent thoracic surgery with Dex or a placebo were retrieved from PubMed,EMBASE,MEDLINE,Cochrane Library,and China CNKI database.The following information was extracted from the paper：arterial oxygen partial pressure （PaO2）,PaO2/inspired oxygen concentration （PaO2/FiO2,oxygenation index [OI]）,intrapulmonary shunt （calculated as Qs/Qt）,mean arterial pressure （MAP）,heart rate （HR）,tumor necrosis factor-α （TNF-α）,interleukin （IL）-6,superoxide dismutase （SOD）,and malondialdehyde （MDA）.Results：Fourteen randomized controlled trials were included containing a total of 625 patients.Compared with placebo group,Dex significantly increased PaO2/FiO2 （standard mean difference [SMD] =0.98,95% confidence interval [CI] [0.72,1.23],P 〈 0.00001）.Besides,Qs/Qt （SMD=-1.22,95% CI [-2.20,-0.23],P =0.020）,HR （SMD=-0.69,95% CI [-1.20,0.17],P =0.009）,MAP （SMD=-0.44,95% CI [-0.84,0.04],P =0.030）,the concentrations ofTNF-α （SMD =-1.55,95% CI [-2.16,-0.95],P 〈0.001）,and IL-6 （SMD =-1.53,95% CI [-2.37,-0.70],P =0.0003） were decreased in the treated group,when compared to placebo group.No significant difference was found in MDA （SMD =-1.14,95% CI [-3.48,1.20],P =0.340） and SOD （SMD =0.41,95% CI [-0.29,1.10],P =0.250） between the Dex group and the placebo group.Funnel plots did not detect any significant publication bias.Conclusions：Dex may improve OI and reduce intrapulmonary shunt during OLV in adults undergoing thoracic surgery.However,this conclusion might be weakened by the limited number of pooled studies and p
基金The authors would like to thank the National Key R&D Plan of China for providing support(NO:2016YFD0400203-4).
文摘Andrias davidianus,i.e.Chinese giant salamander(CGS),is one of the largest and oldest amphibians existing in the world and is also one of the valuable biological resources of China.Wild CGS has been threatened with extinction in the past decades due to over capturing,deterioration of natural environment,the slow breeding and growth of the wild species in nature.However,in the past twenty years,with the breakthrough and progress of artificial breeding technology by artificial insemination,the number of artificially cultivated CGS has increased rapidly.Artificially cultivated CGS can either be released to the CGS living environment to increase the population in nature or legally applied in food and medicinal industry as a feedstock due to the unique nutritional and medicinal values of CGS as recorded historically.In this review,the nutritional components,bioactive components and medicinal activities of the artificially cultivated CGS will be summarized.The mucus,skin,meat and bone of CGS contain many different bioactive substances thereby having various medicinal activities including anti-aging,anti-fatigue,anti-tumor,therapy of burn and anti-infection and other physiological functions.This paper will further discuss the potential applications of the artificially cultivated CGS in healthcare industry and prospects of future technological development.
