There exist differences in the epidemiological characteristics,clinicopathological features,tumor biological characteristics,treatment patterns,and drug selections between gastric cancer patients from the Eastern and ...There exist differences in the epidemiological characteristics,clinicopathological features,tumor biological characteristics,treatment patterns,and drug selections between gastric cancer patients from the Eastern and Western countries.The Chinese Society of Clinical Oncology(CSCO)has organized a panel of senior experts specializing in all sub-specialties of gastric cancer to compile a clinical guideline for the diagnosis and treatment of gastric cancer since 2016 and renews it annually.Taking into account regional differences,giving full consideration to the accessibility of diagnosis and treatment resources,these experts have conducted expert consensus judgment on relevant evidence and made various grades of recommendations for the clinical diagnosis and treatment of gastric cancer to reflect the value of cancer treatment and meeting health economic indexes in China.The 2021 CSCO Clinical Practice Guidelines for Gastric Cancer covers the diagnosis,treatment,follow-up,and screening of gastric cancer.Based on the 2020 version of the CSCO Chinese Gastric Cancer guidelines,this updated guideline integrates the results ofmajor clinical studies from China and overseas for the past year,focused on the inclusion of research data from the Chinese population for more personalized and clinically relevant recommendations.For the comprehensive treatment of non-metastatic gastric cancer,attentions were paid to neoadjuvant treatment.The value of perioperative chemotherapy is gradually becoming clearer and its recommendation level has been updated.For the comprehensive treatment of metastatic gastric cancer,recommendations for immunotherapy were included,and immune checkpoint inhibitors fromthird-line to the first-line of treatment for different patient groups with detailed notes are provided.展开更多
AIM: To investigate the effect of moxibustion on intestinal flora and release of interleukin-12 (IL-12) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) from the colon in rat with ulcerative colitis (UC). METHODS: A rat model of...AIM: To investigate the effect of moxibustion on intestinal flora and release of interleukin-12 (IL-12) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) from the colon in rat with ulcerative colitis (UC). METHODS: A rat model of UC was established by local stimulation of the intestine with supernatant from colonic contents harvested from human UC patients. A total of 40 male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into the following groups: normal (sham), model (UC), herb-partition moxibustion (HPM-treated), and positive control sulfasalazine (SA-treated). Rats treated with HPM received HPM at acupuncture points ST25 and RN6, once a day for 15 min, for a total of 8 d. Rats in the SA group were perfused with SA twice a day for 8 d. The colonic histopathology was observed by hematoxylin-eosin. The levels of intestinal flora, including Bifidobacterium, Lactobacillus, Escherichia coli (E. coli), and Bacteroides fragilis (B. fragilis), were tested by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction to detect bacterial 16S rRNA/DNA in order to determine DNA copy numbers of each specific species. Immunohistochemical assays were used to observe the expression of TNF-α and IL-12 in the rat colons. RESULTS: HPM treatment inhibited immunopathology in colonic tissues of UC rats; the general morphological score and the immunopathological score were significantly decreased in the HPM and SA groups compared with the model group [3.5 (2.0-4.0), 3.0 (1.5-3.5) vs 6.0 (5.5-7.0), P < 0.05 for the general morphological score, and 3.00 (2.00-3.50), 3.00 (2.50-3.50) vs 5.00 (4.50-5.50), P < 0.01 for the immunopathological score]. As measured by DNA copy number, we found that Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus, which are associated with a healthy colon, were significantly higher in the HPM and SA groups than in the model group (1.395 ± 1.339, 1.461 ± 1.152 vs 0.045 ± 0.036, P < 0.01 for Bifidobacterium, and 0.395 ± 0.325, 0.851 ± 0.651 vs 0.0015 ± 0.0014, P < 0.01 for Lactobacillus). On the other hand, E. coli and B. fragilis, which are as展开更多
There is considerable potential for integrating transarterial chemoembolization(TACE),programmed death-(ligand)1(PD-[L]1)inhibitors,and molecular targeted treatments(MTT)in hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC).It is necessar...There is considerable potential for integrating transarterial chemoembolization(TACE),programmed death-(ligand)1(PD-[L]1)inhibitors,and molecular targeted treatments(MTT)in hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC).It is necessary to investigate the therapeutic efficacy and safety of TACE combined with PD-(L)1 inhibitors and MTT in real-world situations.In this nationwide,retrospective,cohort study,826 HCC patients receiving either TACE plus PD-(L)1 blockades and MTT(combination group,n=376)or TACE monotherapy(monotherapy group,n=450)were included from January 2018 to May 2021.The primary endpoint was progression-free survival(PFS)according to modified RECIST.The secondary outcomes included overall survival(OS),objective response rate(ORR),and safety.We performed propensity score matching approaches to reduce bias between two groups.After matching,228 pairs were included with a predominantly advanced disease population.Median PFS in combination group was 9.5 months(95%confidence interval[CI],8.4-11.0)versus 8.0 months(95%CI,6.6-9.5)(adjusted hazard ratio[HR],0.70,P=0.002).OS and ORR were also significantly higher in combination group(median OS,19.2[16.1-27.3]vs.15.7 months[13.0-20.2];adjusted HR,0.63,P=0.001;ORR,60.1%vs.32.0%;P<0.001).Grade 3/4 adverse events were observed at a rate of 15.8%and 7.5%in combination and monotherapy groups,respectively.Our results suggest that TACE plus PD-(L)1 blockades and MTT could significantly improve PFS,OS,and ORR versus TACE monotherapy for Chinese patients with predominantly advanced HCC in real-world practice,with an acceptable safety profile.展开更多
status, the incidence of complications, and completion rate of radiotherapy were evaluated. Besides, the length of hospital stay （LOS） and the in-patient cost were also compared between these two groups. Results： A...status, the incidence of complications, and completion rate of radiotherapy were evaluated. Besides, the length of hospital stay （LOS） and the in-patient cost were also compared between these two groups. Results： At the completion of CRF, the nutritional status in the NST group were much better than those in the control group, as evidenced by prealbumin （ALB）, transferrin, and ALB parameters （P = 0.001, 0.000, and 0.000, respectively）. The complication incidences, including bone marrow suppression （20% vs. 48%, P = 0.037） and complications related infections （ 12% vs. 44%, P = 0.012）, in the NST group were lower and significantly different from the control group. In addition, only one patient in the NST group did not complete the planned radiotherapy while 6 patients in the control group had interrupted or delayed radiotherapy （96% vs. 76%, P - 0.103）. Furthemlore, the average LOS was decreased by 4.5 days （P = 0.001 ） and in-patient cost was reduced to 1.26 ± 0.75 thousand US dollars person-times （P 〉 0.05） in the NST group. Conelusions： A NST could provide positive effects in esophageal cancer patients during concurrent CRT on maintaining their nutrition status and improving the compliance of CRF. Moreover, the NST could be helpful on reducing LOS and in-patient costs.展开更多
AIM: Traditional hepatitis B virus (HBV) genotyping methods using restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) can reliably identify genotypes A to F. As HBV genotypes G and H have been recently identified, this st...AIM: Traditional hepatitis B virus (HBV) genotyping methods using restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) can reliably identify genotypes A to F. As HBV genotypes G and H have been recently identified, this study was to establish an accurate and simple genotyping method for all eight HBV genotypes (A to H).METHODS: Two hundred and forty HBV small S sequences obtained from GeneBank were analysed for restriction enzyme sites that would be genotype-specific. Restriction patterns following digestion with restriction enzymes BsrⅠ, StyⅠ, DpnⅠ, HpaⅡ, and EaeⅠ, were determined to identify all eight HBV genotypes. Mixed genotype infections were confirmed by cloning and further RFLP analysis.RESULTS: The new genotyping method could identify HBV genotypes A to H. Genotypes B and C could be determined by a single step digestion with BsrI and StyI in parallel. This was particularly useful in the Far East where genotypes B and C are predominant. Serum samples from 187 Chinese HBV carders were analysed with this genotyping system, and the genotype distribution was 1.1% (2), 51.9% (97), 40.6% (76) and 4.8% (9) for genotypes A, B, C, and D, respectively. Mixed genotypes were found in only 3 patients (1.6%). Sequence data analysis confirmed the validity of this new method.CONCLUSION: This HBV genotyping system can identify all eight HBV genotypes. It is accurate and simple, and can be widely used for studies on HBV genotyping.展开更多
The Large Sky Area Multi-Object Fiber Spectroscopic Telescope (LAMOST, also called the Guo Shou Jing Telescope) is a special reflecting Schmidt telescope. LAMOST’s special design allows both a large aperture (effecti...The Large Sky Area Multi-Object Fiber Spectroscopic Telescope (LAMOST, also called the Guo Shou Jing Telescope) is a special reflecting Schmidt telescope. LAMOST’s special design allows both a large aperture (effective aperture of 3.6 m–4.9 m) and a wide field of view (FOV) (5°). It has an innovative active reflecting Schmidt configuration which continuously changes the mirror’s surface that adjusts during the observation process and combines thin deformable mirror active optics with segmented active optics. Its primary mirror (6.67m×6.05 m) and active Schmidt mirror (5.74m×4.40 m) are both segmented, and composed of 37 and 24 hexagonal sub-mirrors respectively. By using a parallel controllable fiber positioning technique, the focal surface of 1.75 m in diameter can accommodate 4000 optical fibers. Also, LAMOST has 16 spectrographs with 32 CCD cameras. LAMOST will be the telescope with the highest rate of spectral acquisition. As a national large scientific project, the LAMOST project was formally proposed in 1996, and approved by the Chinese government in 1997. The construction started in 2001, was completed in 2008 and passed the official acceptance in June 2009. The LAMOST pilot survey was started in October 2011 and the spectroscopic survey will launch in September 2012. Up to now, LAMOST has released more than 480 000 spectra of objects. LAMOST will make an important contribution to the study of the large-scale structure of the Universe, structure and evolution of the Galaxy, and cross-identification of multiwaveband properties in celestial objects.展开更多
Heat stroke(HS)is a fatal disease caused by thermal damage in the body,and it has a very high mortality rate.In 2015,the People’s Liberation Army Professional Committee of Critical Care Medicine published the first e...Heat stroke(HS)is a fatal disease caused by thermal damage in the body,and it has a very high mortality rate.In 2015,the People’s Liberation Army Professional Committee of Critical Care Medicine published the first expert consensus on HS in China,Expert consensus on standardized diagnosis and treatment for heat stroke.With an increased understanding of HS and new issues that emerged during the HS treatment in China in recent years,the 2015 consensus no longer meet the requirements for HS prevention and treatment.It is necessary to update the consensus to include the latest research evidence and establish a new consensus that has broader coverage,is more practical and is more in line with China’s national conditions.This new expert consensus includes new concept of HS,recommendations for laboratory tests and auxiliary examinations,new understanding of diagnosis and differential diagnosis,On-site emergency treatment and In-hospital treatment,translocation of HS patients and prevention of HS.展开更多
The phenylalanine-tyrosine-dopa-dopamine pathway provides dopamine to the brain.Iin this process,tyrosine hydroxylase(TH)isthe rate-limiting enzyme that hydroxylates tyrosine and generates levodopa(L-dopa)with tetrany...The phenylalanine-tyrosine-dopa-dopamine pathway provides dopamine to the brain.Iin this process,tyrosine hydroxylase(TH)isthe rate-limiting enzyme that hydroxylates tyrosine and generates levodopa(L-dopa)with tetranydrobiopterin(BH_(4))as a coenzyme.Here,we show that oral berberine(BBR)might supply H^(·) through dihydroberberine(reduced BBR produced by bacterial nitroreductase)and promote the production of BHl from dihydrobiopterin;the increased BH,enhances TH activity,which accelerates the production of L-dopa by the gut bacteria.Oral BBR acts in a way similar to vitamins.The L-dopa produced by theintestinal bacteria enters the brain through the circulation and is transformed to dopamine.To verify the gut-brain dialog activatedby BBR's effect,Enterococcus foecalis or Enterococcus faecium was transplanted into Parkinson's disease(PD)mice.The bacteriasignificantly increased brain dopamine and ameliorated PD manifestation in mice;additionally,combination of BBR with bacteriashowed better therapeutic effect than that with bacteria alone.Moreover,2,4,6-trimethy-pyranylium tetrafluoroborate(TMP-TFB)-derivatized matrix-assisted laser desorption mass spectrometry(MALDI-MS)imaging of dopamine identihed elevated striataldopamine levels in mouse brains with oral Enterococcus,and BBR strengthened the imaging intensity of brain dopamine.Theseresults demonstrated that BBR was an agonist of TH in Enterococcus and could lead to the production of L-dopa in the gut.Furthermore,a study of 28 patients with hyperlipidemia conhrmed that oral BBR increased bloodfecal L-dopa by the intestinalbacteria.Hence,BBR might improve the brain function by upregulating the biosynthesis of-dopa in the gut microbiota through avitamin-like effect.展开更多
AIM To investigate the effect of Boschniakiarossica（BR）extract on expression of GST-P,p53 and p21<sup>ras</sup>proteins in early stage of chemicalhepatocarcinogenesis in rats and its anti-inflammatory ac...AIM To investigate the effect of Boschniakiarossica（BR）extract on expression of GST-P,p53 and p21<sup>ras</sup>proteins in early stage of chemicalhepatocarcinogenesis in rats and its anti-inflammatory activities.METHODS The expression of tumor marker-placental form glutathione S-transferase（GST-P）,p53 and p21<sup>ras</sup>proteins were investigated byimmunohistochemical techniques and ABCmethod.Anti-inflammatory activities of BR werestudied by xylene and croton oil-induced mouseear edema,carrageenin,histamine and hotscald-induced rat pow edema,adjuvant-inducedrat arthritis and cotton pellet-induced mousegranuloma formation methods.RESULTS The 500 mg/kg of BR-H<sub>2</sub>O extractfractionated from BR-Methanol extract hadinhibitory effect on the formation of DEN-inducedGST-P-positive foci in rat liver（GST-P stainingwas 78% positive in DEN+AAF group vs 20%positive in DEN+AAF+BR group,P【0.05）andthe expression of mutant p53 and p21<sup>ras</sup>proteinwas lower than that of hepatic preneoplasticlesions（33% and 22% positive respectively inDEN+AAF group vs negative in DEN+AAF+BRgroup）.Both CH<sub>2</sub>Cl<sub>2</sub> and H<sub>2</sub>O extracts from BRhad anti-inflamatory effect in xylene and crotonoil-induced mouse ear edema（inhibitory rateswere 26%-29% and 35%-59%,respectively）. BR-H<sub>2</sub>O extract exhibited inhibitory effect incarrageenin,histamine and hot scald-inducedhind paw edema and adjuvant-induced arthritis inrats and cotton pellet-induced granulomaformation in mice.CONCLUSION BR extract exhibited inhibitory effect on formation of preneoplastic hepatic foci in early stage of rat chemical hepato-carcinogenesis. Both CH<sub>2</sub>CI<sub>2</sub> and H<sub>2</sub>O extracts from BR exerted anti-inflammatory effect in rats and mice.展开更多
AIM: To elucidate the anti-inflammatory mechanism ofan intestinal neuropeptide, sulfated cholecystokininoctapeptide (sCCK-8), the effects of sCCK-8 onlipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced tumor necrosis factorpulmonary int...AIM: To elucidate the anti-inflammatory mechanism ofan intestinal neuropeptide, sulfated cholecystokininoctapeptide (sCCK-8), the effects of sCCK-8 onlipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced tumor necrosis factorpulmonary interstitial macrophages (PIMs) werestudied.METHODS: PIMs from rat were stimulated with LPS(:1mg @ L-1) in the presence or absence of sCCK-8 (10-8-:10-6mol@ L-1) or/and CCK receptor antagonistproglumide (2 mg @ L-1). The expression of TNF-α mRNAwas assayed by reverse transcription polymerase chainreaction (RT-PCR) at 3h of the stimulation, and nuclearelectrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) at 1 h ofat 30 min of the stimulation was detected by Westernblot.RESULTS: sCCK-8, at concentrations from 10-8 mol @ L-1to 10-6 mol @ L-1 obviously inhibited LPS-induced TNF-αdependent manner, P＜0.05, P＜0.01. Stimulation PIMsP＜0.01, which was elevated by sCCK-8, P＜0.05. Thewere attenuated by CCK receptor antagonistproglumide, P＜0.01.CONCLUSION: sCCK-8 inhibits LPS-induced TNF-α mRNAwhich is mediated through CCK receptors and inhibitinginflammatory mechanisms of sCCK-8.展开更多
The 2023 update of the Chinese Society of Clinical Oncology(CSCO)Clini-cal Guidelines for Gastric Cancer focuses on standardizing cancer diagnosis and treatment in China,reflecting the latest advancements in evidence-...The 2023 update of the Chinese Society of Clinical Oncology(CSCO)Clini-cal Guidelines for Gastric Cancer focuses on standardizing cancer diagnosis and treatment in China,reflecting the latest advancements in evidence-based medicine,healthcare resource availability,and precision medicine.These updates address the differences in epidemiological characteristics,clinicopatho-logical features,tumor biology,treatment patterns,and drug selections between Eastern and Western gastric cancer patients.Key revisions include a structured template for imaging diagnosis reports,updated standards for molecular marker testing in pathological diagnosis,and an elevated recommendation for neoadju-vant chemotherapy in stage III gastric cancer.For advanced metastatic gastric cancer,the guidelines introduce new recommendations for immunotherapy,anti-angiogenic therapy and targeted drugs,along with updated management strategies for human epidermal growth factor receptor 2(HER2)-positive and deficient DNA mismatch repair(dMMR)/microsatellite instability-high(MSI-H)patients.Additionally,the guidelines offer detailed screening recommendations for hereditary gastric cancer and an appendix listing drug treatment regimens for various stages of gastric cancer.The 2023 CSCO Clinical Guidelines for Gastric Cancer updates are based on both Chinese and international clinical research and expert consensus to enhance their applicability and relevance in clinical practice,particularly in the heterogeneous healthcare landscape of China,while maintaining a commitment to scientific rigor,impartiality,and timely revisions.展开更多
Granulomatous lobular mastitis(GLM) is a rare and chronic benign inflammatory disease of the breast. Difficulties exist in the management of GLM for many front-line surgeons and medical specialists who care for patien...Granulomatous lobular mastitis(GLM) is a rare and chronic benign inflammatory disease of the breast. Difficulties exist in the management of GLM for many front-line surgeons and medical specialists who care for patients with inflammatory disorders of the breast. This consensus is summarized to establish evidence-based recommendations for the management of GLM. Literature was reviewed using PubMed from January 1, 1971 to July 31, 2020. Sixty-six international experienced multidisciplinary experts from 11 countries or regions were invited to review the evidence.Levels of evidence were determined using the American College of Physicians grading system, and recommendations were discussed until consensus. Experts discussed and concluded 30 recommendations on historical definitions,etiology and predisposing factors, diagnosis criteria, treatment, clinical stages, relapse and recurrence of GLM. GLM was recommended as a widely accepted definition. In addition, this consensus introduced a new clinical stages and management algorithm for GLM to provide individual treatment strategies. In conclusion, diagnosis of GLM depends on a combination of history, clinical manifestations, imaging examinations, laboratory examinations and pathology.The approach to treatment of GLM should be applied according to the different clinical stage of GLM. This evidencebased consensus would be valuable to assist front-line surgeons and medical specialists in the optimal management of GLM.展开更多
The Large sky Area Multi-Object Fiber Spectroscopic Telescope（LAMOST） general survey is a spectroscopic survey that will eventually cover approximately half of the celestial sphere and collect 10 million spectra of ...The Large sky Area Multi-Object Fiber Spectroscopic Telescope（LAMOST） general survey is a spectroscopic survey that will eventually cover approximately half of the celestial sphere and collect 10 million spectra of stars, galaxies and QSOs. Objects in both the pilot survey and the first year regular survey are included in the LAMOST DR1. The pilot survey started in October 2011 and ended in June 2012, and the data have been released to the public as the LAMOST Pilot Data Release in August 2012. The regular survey started in September 2012, and completed its first year of operation in June 2013. The LAMOST DR1 includes a total of 1202 plates containing 2 955 336 spectra, of which 1 790 879 spectra have observed signalto-noise ratio（SNR） ≥ 10. All data with SNR ≥ 2 are formally released as LAMOST DR1 under the LAMOST data policy. This data release contains a total of 2 204 696 spectra, of which 1 944 329 are stellar spectra, 12 082 are galaxy spectra and 5017 are quasars. The DR1 not only includes spectra, but also three stellar catalogs with measured parameters： late A,FGK-type stars with high quality spectra（1 061 918 entries）, A-type stars（100 073 entries）, and M-type stars（121 522 entries）. This paper introduces the survey design, the observational and instrumental limitations, data reduction and analysis, and some caveats. A description of the FITS structure of spectral files and parameter catalogs is also provided.展开更多
Trimethylamine-N-oxide(TMAO)derived from the gut microbiota is an atherogenic metabolite.This study investigates whether or not berberine(BBR)could reduce TMAO production in the gut microbiota and treat atherosclerosi...Trimethylamine-N-oxide(TMAO)derived from the gut microbiota is an atherogenic metabolite.This study investigates whether or not berberine(BBR)could reduce TMAO production in the gut microbiota and treat atherosclerosis.Effects of BBR on TMAO production in the gut microbiota,as well as on plaque development in atherosclerosis were investigated in the culture of animal intestinal bacterial,HFD-fed animals and atherosclerotic patients,respectively.We found that oral BBR in animals lowers TMAO biosynthesis in intestine through interacting with the enzyme/co-enzyme of choline-trimethylamine lyase(CutC)and flavincontaining monooxygenase(FMO)in the gut microbiota.This action was performed by BBR’s metabolite dihydroberberine(a reductive BBR by nitroreductase in the gut microbiota),via a vitamine-like effect down-regulating Choline-TMA-TMAO production pathway.Oral BBR decreased TMAO production in animal intestine,lowered blood TMAO and interrupted plaque formation in blood vessels in the HFD-fed hamsters.Moreover,21 patients with atherosclerosis exhibited the average decrease of plaque score by 3.2%after oral BBR(0.5 g,bid)for 4 months(^(*)P<0.05,n=21);whereas the plaque score in patients treated with rosuvastatin plus aspirin,or clopidogrel sulfate or ticagrelor(4 months,n=12)increased by 1.9%.TMA and TMAO in patients decreased by 38 and 29%in faeces(^(*)P<0.05;^(*)P<0.05),and 37 and 35%in plasma(^(***)P<0.001;^(*)P<0.05),after 4 months on BBR.BBR might treat atherosclerotic plaque at least partially through decreasing TMAO in a mode of action similar to that of vitamins.展开更多
文摘There exist differences in the epidemiological characteristics,clinicopathological features,tumor biological characteristics,treatment patterns,and drug selections between gastric cancer patients from the Eastern and Western countries.The Chinese Society of Clinical Oncology(CSCO)has organized a panel of senior experts specializing in all sub-specialties of gastric cancer to compile a clinical guideline for the diagnosis and treatment of gastric cancer since 2016 and renews it annually.Taking into account regional differences,giving full consideration to the accessibility of diagnosis and treatment resources,these experts have conducted expert consensus judgment on relevant evidence and made various grades of recommendations for the clinical diagnosis and treatment of gastric cancer to reflect the value of cancer treatment and meeting health economic indexes in China.The 2021 CSCO Clinical Practice Guidelines for Gastric Cancer covers the diagnosis,treatment,follow-up,and screening of gastric cancer.Based on the 2020 version of the CSCO Chinese Gastric Cancer guidelines,this updated guideline integrates the results ofmajor clinical studies from China and overseas for the past year,focused on the inclusion of research data from the Chinese population for more personalized and clinically relevant recommendations.For the comprehensive treatment of non-metastatic gastric cancer,attentions were paid to neoadjuvant treatment.The value of perioperative chemotherapy is gradually becoming clearer and its recommendation level has been updated.For the comprehensive treatment of metastatic gastric cancer,recommendations for immunotherapy were included,and immune checkpoint inhibitors fromthird-line to the first-line of treatment for different patient groups with detailed notes are provided.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China, No. 81001549National Basic Research Program of China (973 program), No. 2009CB522900+1 种基金Shanghai Health System of Outstanding Young Talent Cultivation Program, No. XYQ2011068Shanghai Rising-Star Program, No. 10QA1406100
文摘AIM: To investigate the effect of moxibustion on intestinal flora and release of interleukin-12 (IL-12) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) from the colon in rat with ulcerative colitis (UC). METHODS: A rat model of UC was established by local stimulation of the intestine with supernatant from colonic contents harvested from human UC patients. A total of 40 male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into the following groups: normal (sham), model (UC), herb-partition moxibustion (HPM-treated), and positive control sulfasalazine (SA-treated). Rats treated with HPM received HPM at acupuncture points ST25 and RN6, once a day for 15 min, for a total of 8 d. Rats in the SA group were perfused with SA twice a day for 8 d. The colonic histopathology was observed by hematoxylin-eosin. The levels of intestinal flora, including Bifidobacterium, Lactobacillus, Escherichia coli (E. coli), and Bacteroides fragilis (B. fragilis), were tested by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction to detect bacterial 16S rRNA/DNA in order to determine DNA copy numbers of each specific species. Immunohistochemical assays were used to observe the expression of TNF-α and IL-12 in the rat colons. RESULTS: HPM treatment inhibited immunopathology in colonic tissues of UC rats; the general morphological score and the immunopathological score were significantly decreased in the HPM and SA groups compared with the model group [3.5 (2.0-4.0), 3.0 (1.5-3.5) vs 6.0 (5.5-7.0), P < 0.05 for the general morphological score, and 3.00 (2.00-3.50), 3.00 (2.50-3.50) vs 5.00 (4.50-5.50), P < 0.01 for the immunopathological score]. As measured by DNA copy number, we found that Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus, which are associated with a healthy colon, were significantly higher in the HPM and SA groups than in the model group (1.395 ± 1.339, 1.461 ± 1.152 vs 0.045 ± 0.036, P < 0.01 for Bifidobacterium, and 0.395 ± 0.325, 0.851 ± 0.651 vs 0.0015 ± 0.0014, P < 0.01 for Lactobacillus). On the other hand, E. coli and B. fragilis, which are as
基金The study was supported by National Key Research and Development Program(2018YFA0704100,2018YFA0704104)National Natural Science Foundation of China(81827805,82130060)Jiangsu Provincial Special Program of Medical Science(BE2019750).The funding sources had no role in the writing of the report,or decision to submit the paper for publication.
文摘There is considerable potential for integrating transarterial chemoembolization(TACE),programmed death-(ligand)1(PD-[L]1)inhibitors,and molecular targeted treatments(MTT)in hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC).It is necessary to investigate the therapeutic efficacy and safety of TACE combined with PD-(L)1 inhibitors and MTT in real-world situations.In this nationwide,retrospective,cohort study,826 HCC patients receiving either TACE plus PD-(L)1 blockades and MTT(combination group,n=376)or TACE monotherapy(monotherapy group,n=450)were included from January 2018 to May 2021.The primary endpoint was progression-free survival(PFS)according to modified RECIST.The secondary outcomes included overall survival(OS),objective response rate(ORR),and safety.We performed propensity score matching approaches to reduce bias between two groups.After matching,228 pairs were included with a predominantly advanced disease population.Median PFS in combination group was 9.5 months(95%confidence interval[CI],8.4-11.0)versus 8.0 months(95%CI,6.6-9.5)(adjusted hazard ratio[HR],0.70,P=0.002).OS and ORR were also significantly higher in combination group(median OS,19.2[16.1-27.3]vs.15.7 months[13.0-20.2];adjusted HR,0.63,P=0.001;ORR,60.1%vs.32.0%;P<0.001).Grade 3/4 adverse events were observed at a rate of 15.8%and 7.5%in combination and monotherapy groups,respectively.Our results suggest that TACE plus PD-(L)1 blockades and MTT could significantly improve PFS,OS,and ORR versus TACE monotherapy for Chinese patients with predominantly advanced HCC in real-world practice,with an acceptable safety profile.
文摘status, the incidence of complications, and completion rate of radiotherapy were evaluated. Besides, the length of hospital stay （LOS） and the in-patient cost were also compared between these two groups. Results： At the completion of CRF, the nutritional status in the NST group were much better than those in the control group, as evidenced by prealbumin （ALB）, transferrin, and ALB parameters （P = 0.001, 0.000, and 0.000, respectively）. The complication incidences, including bone marrow suppression （20% vs. 48%, P = 0.037） and complications related infections （ 12% vs. 44%, P = 0.012）, in the NST group were lower and significantly different from the control group. In addition, only one patient in the NST group did not complete the planned radiotherapy while 6 patients in the control group had interrupted or delayed radiotherapy （96% vs. 76%, P - 0.103）. Furthemlore, the average LOS was decreased by 4.5 days （P = 0.001 ） and in-patient cost was reduced to 1.26 ± 0.75 thousand US dollars person-times （P 〉 0.05） in the NST group. Conelusions： A NST could provide positive effects in esophageal cancer patients during concurrent CRT on maintaining their nutrition status and improving the compliance of CRF. Moreover, the NST could be helpful on reducing LOS and in-patient costs.
基金Supported by theMajor State Basic Research Development Program of China.973 Program,No.G1999054106 and the National Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars,No.30225042
文摘AIM: Traditional hepatitis B virus (HBV) genotyping methods using restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) can reliably identify genotypes A to F. As HBV genotypes G and H have been recently identified, this study was to establish an accurate and simple genotyping method for all eight HBV genotypes (A to H).METHODS: Two hundred and forty HBV small S sequences obtained from GeneBank were analysed for restriction enzyme sites that would be genotype-specific. Restriction patterns following digestion with restriction enzymes BsrⅠ, StyⅠ, DpnⅠ, HpaⅡ, and EaeⅠ, were determined to identify all eight HBV genotypes. Mixed genotype infections were confirmed by cloning and further RFLP analysis.RESULTS: The new genotyping method could identify HBV genotypes A to H. Genotypes B and C could be determined by a single step digestion with BsrI and StyI in parallel. This was particularly useful in the Far East where genotypes B and C are predominant. Serum samples from 187 Chinese HBV carders were analysed with this genotyping system, and the genotype distribution was 1.1% (2), 51.9% (97), 40.6% (76) and 4.8% (9) for genotypes A, B, C, and D, respectively. Mixed genotypes were found in only 3 patients (1.6%). Sequence data analysis confirmed the validity of this new method.CONCLUSION: This HBV genotyping system can identify all eight HBV genotypes. It is accurate and simple, and can be widely used for studies on HBV genotyping.
文摘The Large Sky Area Multi-Object Fiber Spectroscopic Telescope (LAMOST, also called the Guo Shou Jing Telescope) is a special reflecting Schmidt telescope. LAMOST’s special design allows both a large aperture (effective aperture of 3.6 m–4.9 m) and a wide field of view (FOV) (5°). It has an innovative active reflecting Schmidt configuration which continuously changes the mirror’s surface that adjusts during the observation process and combines thin deformable mirror active optics with segmented active optics. Its primary mirror (6.67m×6.05 m) and active Schmidt mirror (5.74m×4.40 m) are both segmented, and composed of 37 and 24 hexagonal sub-mirrors respectively. By using a parallel controllable fiber positioning technique, the focal surface of 1.75 m in diameter can accommodate 4000 optical fibers. Also, LAMOST has 16 spectrographs with 32 CCD cameras. LAMOST will be the telescope with the highest rate of spectral acquisition. As a national large scientific project, the LAMOST project was formally proposed in 1996, and approved by the Chinese government in 1997. The construction started in 2001, was completed in 2008 and passed the official acceptance in June 2009. The LAMOST pilot survey was started in October 2011 and the spectroscopic survey will launch in September 2012. Up to now, LAMOST has released more than 480 000 spectra of objects. LAMOST will make an important contribution to the study of the large-scale structure of the Universe, structure and evolution of the Galaxy, and cross-identification of multiwaveband properties in celestial objects.
文摘Heat stroke(HS)is a fatal disease caused by thermal damage in the body,and it has a very high mortality rate.In 2015,the People’s Liberation Army Professional Committee of Critical Care Medicine published the first expert consensus on HS in China,Expert consensus on standardized diagnosis and treatment for heat stroke.With an increased understanding of HS and new issues that emerged during the HS treatment in China in recent years,the 2015 consensus no longer meet the requirements for HS prevention and treatment.It is necessary to update the consensus to include the latest research evidence and establish a new consensus that has broader coverage,is more practical and is more in line with China’s national conditions.This new expert consensus includes new concept of HS,recommendations for laboratory tests and auxiliary examinations,new understanding of diagnosis and differential diagnosis,On-site emergency treatment and In-hospital treatment,translocation of HS patients and prevention of HS.
基金supported by CAMS Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences(CIFMSNo.2016-I2M-3-011)+3 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.81573493 and 81973290)Beijing Key Laboratory of Non-Clinical Drug Metabolism and PK/PD study(Z141102004414062)the Key Project of Beijing Natural Science Foundation(No.7181007)National Mega-project for Innovative Drugs and the National Megaproject for Innovative Drugs(No.2018ZX09711001-002-002).
文摘The phenylalanine-tyrosine-dopa-dopamine pathway provides dopamine to the brain.Iin this process,tyrosine hydroxylase(TH)isthe rate-limiting enzyme that hydroxylates tyrosine and generates levodopa(L-dopa)with tetranydrobiopterin(BH_(4))as a coenzyme.Here,we show that oral berberine(BBR)might supply H^(·) through dihydroberberine(reduced BBR produced by bacterial nitroreductase)and promote the production of BHl from dihydrobiopterin;the increased BH,enhances TH activity,which accelerates the production of L-dopa by the gut bacteria.Oral BBR acts in a way similar to vitamins.The L-dopa produced by theintestinal bacteria enters the brain through the circulation and is transformed to dopamine.To verify the gut-brain dialog activatedby BBR's effect,Enterococcus foecalis or Enterococcus faecium was transplanted into Parkinson's disease(PD)mice.The bacteriasignificantly increased brain dopamine and ameliorated PD manifestation in mice;additionally,combination of BBR with bacteriashowed better therapeutic effect than that with bacteria alone.Moreover,2,4,6-trimethy-pyranylium tetrafluoroborate(TMP-TFB)-derivatized matrix-assisted laser desorption mass spectrometry(MALDI-MS)imaging of dopamine identihed elevated striataldopamine levels in mouse brains with oral Enterococcus,and BBR strengthened the imaging intensity of brain dopamine.Theseresults demonstrated that BBR was an agonist of TH in Enterococcus and could lead to the production of L-dopa in the gut.Furthermore,a study of 28 patients with hyperlipidemia conhrmed that oral BBR increased bloodfecal L-dopa by the intestinalbacteria.Hence,BBR might improve the brain function by upregulating the biosynthesis of-dopa in the gut microbiota through avitamin-like effect.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.39660021
文摘AIM To investigate the effect of Boschniakiarossica（BR）extract on expression of GST-P,p53 and p21<sup>ras</sup>proteins in early stage of chemicalhepatocarcinogenesis in rats and its anti-inflammatory activities.METHODS The expression of tumor marker-placental form glutathione S-transferase（GST-P）,p53 and p21<sup>ras</sup>proteins were investigated byimmunohistochemical techniques and ABCmethod.Anti-inflammatory activities of BR werestudied by xylene and croton oil-induced mouseear edema,carrageenin,histamine and hotscald-induced rat pow edema,adjuvant-inducedrat arthritis and cotton pellet-induced mousegranuloma formation methods.RESULTS The 500 mg/kg of BR-H<sub>2</sub>O extractfractionated from BR-Methanol extract hadinhibitory effect on the formation of DEN-inducedGST-P-positive foci in rat liver（GST-P stainingwas 78% positive in DEN+AAF group vs 20%positive in DEN+AAF+BR group,P【0.05）andthe expression of mutant p53 and p21<sup>ras</sup>proteinwas lower than that of hepatic preneoplasticlesions（33% and 22% positive respectively inDEN+AAF group vs negative in DEN+AAF+BRgroup）.Both CH<sub>2</sub>Cl<sub>2</sub> and H<sub>2</sub>O extracts from BRhad anti-inflamatory effect in xylene and crotonoil-induced mouse ear edema（inhibitory rateswere 26%-29% and 35%-59%,respectively）. BR-H<sub>2</sub>O extract exhibited inhibitory effect incarrageenin,histamine and hot scald-inducedhind paw edema and adjuvant-induced arthritis inrats and cotton pellet-induced granulomaformation in mice.CONCLUSION BR extract exhibited inhibitory effect on formation of preneoplastic hepatic foci in early stage of rat chemical hepato-carcinogenesis. Both CH<sub>2</sub>CI<sub>2</sub> and H<sub>2</sub>O extracts from BR exerted anti-inflammatory effect in rats and mice.
基金Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province,No.300322
文摘AIM: To elucidate the anti-inflammatory mechanism ofan intestinal neuropeptide, sulfated cholecystokininoctapeptide (sCCK-8), the effects of sCCK-8 onlipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced tumor necrosis factorpulmonary interstitial macrophages (PIMs) werestudied.METHODS: PIMs from rat were stimulated with LPS(:1mg @ L-1) in the presence or absence of sCCK-8 (10-8-:10-6mol@ L-1) or/and CCK receptor antagonistproglumide (2 mg @ L-1). The expression of TNF-α mRNAwas assayed by reverse transcription polymerase chainreaction (RT-PCR) at 3h of the stimulation, and nuclearelectrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) at 1 h ofat 30 min of the stimulation was detected by Westernblot.RESULTS: sCCK-8, at concentrations from 10-8 mol @ L-1to 10-6 mol @ L-1 obviously inhibited LPS-induced TNF-αdependent manner, P＜0.05, P＜0.01. Stimulation PIMsP＜0.01, which was elevated by sCCK-8, P＜0.05. Thewere attenuated by CCK receptor antagonistproglumide, P＜0.01.CONCLUSION: sCCK-8 inhibits LPS-induced TNF-α mRNAwhich is mediated through CCK receptors and inhibitinginflammatory mechanisms of sCCK-8.
文摘The 2023 update of the Chinese Society of Clinical Oncology(CSCO)Clini-cal Guidelines for Gastric Cancer focuses on standardizing cancer diagnosis and treatment in China,reflecting the latest advancements in evidence-based medicine,healthcare resource availability,and precision medicine.These updates address the differences in epidemiological characteristics,clinicopatho-logical features,tumor biology,treatment patterns,and drug selections between Eastern and Western gastric cancer patients.Key revisions include a structured template for imaging diagnosis reports,updated standards for molecular marker testing in pathological diagnosis,and an elevated recommendation for neoadju-vant chemotherapy in stage III gastric cancer.For advanced metastatic gastric cancer,the guidelines introduce new recommendations for immunotherapy,anti-angiogenic therapy and targeted drugs,along with updated management strategies for human epidermal growth factor receptor 2(HER2)-positive and deficient DNA mismatch repair(dMMR)/microsatellite instability-high(MSI-H)patients.Additionally,the guidelines offer detailed screening recommendations for hereditary gastric cancer and an appendix listing drug treatment regimens for various stages of gastric cancer.The 2023 CSCO Clinical Guidelines for Gastric Cancer updates are based on both Chinese and international clinical research and expert consensus to enhance their applicability and relevance in clinical practice,particularly in the heterogeneous healthcare landscape of China,while maintaining a commitment to scientific rigor,impartiality,and timely revisions.
基金supported by Improving the Ability of Diagnosis and Treatment of Difficult Diseases (ZLYNXM202009)。
文摘Granulomatous lobular mastitis(GLM) is a rare and chronic benign inflammatory disease of the breast. Difficulties exist in the management of GLM for many front-line surgeons and medical specialists who care for patients with inflammatory disorders of the breast. This consensus is summarized to establish evidence-based recommendations for the management of GLM. Literature was reviewed using PubMed from January 1, 1971 to July 31, 2020. Sixty-six international experienced multidisciplinary experts from 11 countries or regions were invited to review the evidence.Levels of evidence were determined using the American College of Physicians grading system, and recommendations were discussed until consensus. Experts discussed and concluded 30 recommendations on historical definitions,etiology and predisposing factors, diagnosis criteria, treatment, clinical stages, relapse and recurrence of GLM. GLM was recommended as a widely accepted definition. In addition, this consensus introduced a new clinical stages and management algorithm for GLM to provide individual treatment strategies. In conclusion, diagnosis of GLM depends on a combination of history, clinical manifestations, imaging examinations, laboratory examinations and pathology.The approach to treatment of GLM should be applied according to the different clinical stage of GLM. This evidencebased consensus would be valuable to assist front-line surgeons and medical specialists in the optimal management of GLM.
基金funded by the National Basic Research Program of China (973 Program, 2014CB845700)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 11390371)Funding for the project has been provided by the National Development and Reform Commission
文摘The Large sky Area Multi-Object Fiber Spectroscopic Telescope（LAMOST） general survey is a spectroscopic survey that will eventually cover approximately half of the celestial sphere and collect 10 million spectra of stars, galaxies and QSOs. Objects in both the pilot survey and the first year regular survey are included in the LAMOST DR1. The pilot survey started in October 2011 and ended in June 2012, and the data have been released to the public as the LAMOST Pilot Data Release in August 2012. The regular survey started in September 2012, and completed its first year of operation in June 2013. The LAMOST DR1 includes a total of 1202 plates containing 2 955 336 spectra, of which 1 790 879 spectra have observed signalto-noise ratio（SNR） ≥ 10. All data with SNR ≥ 2 are formally released as LAMOST DR1 under the LAMOST data policy. This data release contains a total of 2 204 696 spectra, of which 1 944 329 are stellar spectra, 12 082 are galaxy spectra and 5017 are quasars. The DR1 not only includes spectra, but also three stellar catalogs with measured parameters： late A,FGK-type stars with high quality spectra（1 061 918 entries）, A-type stars（100 073 entries）, and M-type stars（121 522 entries）. This paper introduces the survey design, the observational and instrumental limitations, data reduction and analysis, and some caveats. A description of the FITS structure of spectral files and parameter catalogs is also provided.
基金funded by the CAMS Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences(CIFMS)(Nos.2021-1-I2M-007,2016-I2M-3-011)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.82173888,81973290)Beijing Key Laboratory of Non-Clinical Drug Metabolism and PK/PD study(Z141102004414062)。
文摘Trimethylamine-N-oxide(TMAO)derived from the gut microbiota is an atherogenic metabolite.This study investigates whether or not berberine(BBR)could reduce TMAO production in the gut microbiota and treat atherosclerosis.Effects of BBR on TMAO production in the gut microbiota,as well as on plaque development in atherosclerosis were investigated in the culture of animal intestinal bacterial,HFD-fed animals and atherosclerotic patients,respectively.We found that oral BBR in animals lowers TMAO biosynthesis in intestine through interacting with the enzyme/co-enzyme of choline-trimethylamine lyase(CutC)and flavincontaining monooxygenase(FMO)in the gut microbiota.This action was performed by BBR’s metabolite dihydroberberine(a reductive BBR by nitroreductase in the gut microbiota),via a vitamine-like effect down-regulating Choline-TMA-TMAO production pathway.Oral BBR decreased TMAO production in animal intestine,lowered blood TMAO and interrupted plaque formation in blood vessels in the HFD-fed hamsters.Moreover,21 patients with atherosclerosis exhibited the average decrease of plaque score by 3.2%after oral BBR(0.5 g,bid)for 4 months(^(*)P<0.05,n=21);whereas the plaque score in patients treated with rosuvastatin plus aspirin,or clopidogrel sulfate or ticagrelor(4 months,n=12)increased by 1.9%.TMA and TMAO in patients decreased by 38 and 29%in faeces(^(*)P<0.05;^(*)P<0.05),and 37 and 35%in plasma(^(***)P<0.001;^(*)P<0.05),after 4 months on BBR.BBR might treat atherosclerotic plaque at least partially through decreasing TMAO in a mode of action similar to that of vitamins.
