An integrated remote sensing (RS) and geographic information system (GIS) technique was employed to characterize the spatial distribution of the risk of soil erosion by water on Latakia district, Syria. The universal ...An integrated remote sensing (RS) and geographic information system (GIS) technique was employed to characterize the spatial distribution of the risk of soil erosion by water on Latakia district, Syria. The universal soil loss equation (USLE) was used to calculate the annual soil loss rates for Latakia soils. Mainly, remote sensing data, soil survey, land use inventory, elevation data and climatic atlases are used as resource data sets to generate USLE factor values. The results revealed that integration of GIS/RS with USLE was a practical and effective approach for monitoring soil erosion over large areas.展开更多
Over-use of fertilizer in paddy fields could lead to agro-environmental pollution. Therefore, the Paddy Fertilizer Recommendation System (PFRS) application package was designed to aid in the dissemination of fertilize...Over-use of fertilizer in paddy fields could lead to agro-environmental pollution. Therefore, the Paddy Fertilizer Recommendation System (PFRS) application package was designed to aid in the dissemination of fertilizer recommendations for paddy fields. PFRS utilized geographical information system (GIS) ActiveX Controls, enabling the user to select a location of interest linked to a spatial database of paddy field soil characteristics. The application package also incorporated different soil fertilizer recommendation methods, forming a relational database. The application's structure consisted primarily of building database queries using Standard Query Language (SQL) constructed during run-time, based on user provided spatial parameters of a selected location, the type of soil desired and paddy production criteria. PFRS, which was comprised of five modules including: File, View, Edit, Layer and Fertilizer/Model, provided the user with map-based fertilizer recommendations based on selected soil nutrient P and K map layers as well as N characteristics and land use maps.展开更多
Field nutrient distribution maps obtained from the study on soil variations within fields are the basis of precision agriculture. The quality of these maps for management depends on the accuracy of the predicted value...Field nutrient distribution maps obtained from the study on soil variations within fields are the basis of precision agriculture. The quality of these maps for management depends on the accuracy of the predicted values, which depends on the initial sampling. To produce reliable predictions efficiently the minimal sampling size and combination should be decided firstly, which could avoid the misspent funds for field sampling work. A 7.9 hectare silage field close to the Agricultural Research institute at Hillsborough, Northern Ireland, was selected for the study. Soil samples were collected from the field at 25 m intervals in a rectangular grid to provide a database of selected soil properties. Different data combinations were subsequently abstracted from this database for comparison purposes, and ordinary kriging used to produce interpolated soil maps. These predicted data groups were compared using least significant difference (LSD) test method. The results showed that the 62 sampling sizes of triangle arrangement for soil available K were sufficient to reach the required accuracy. The triangular sample combination proved to be superior to a rectangular one of similar sample size.展开更多
Most modern wheat cultivars were selected on the basis of yield-related indices measured under optimal fertilizer and irrigation inputs.With climate change,land degradation and salinity caused by sea water encroachmen...Most modern wheat cultivars were selected on the basis of yield-related indices measured under optimal fertilizer and irrigation inputs.With climate change,land degradation and salinity caused by sea water encroachment,wheat is increasingly subjected to environmental stress.Moreover,expanding urbanization increasingly encroaches upon prime agricultural land in countries like China,and alternative cropping areas must be found.Some of these areas have moderate constraining factors,such as salinity.Therefore,it is important to investigate whether current genetic materials and breeding procedures are maintaining adequate variability to address future problems caused by abiotic stress.In this study,a panel of 307 wheat accessions,including local landraces,exotic cultivars used in Chinese breeding programs and Chinese cultivars released during different periods since1940,were subjected to a genome-wide association study to dissect the genetic basis of salinity tolerance.Both marker-based and pedigree-based kinship analyses revealed that favorable haplotypes were introduced in some exotic cultivars as well as a limited number of Chinese landraces from the 1940 s.However,improvements in salinity tolerance during modern breeding are not as obvious as that of yield.To broaden genetic diversity for increasing salt tolerance,there is a need to refocus attention on local landraces that have high degrees of salinity tolerance and carry rare favorable alleles that have not been exploited in breeding.展开更多
One of the main immune-mediated diseases that lead to avoidable blindness is non-infectious uveitis. Glucocorticoids are the first-line therapy choice for noninfectious uveitis;however, biologics are also showing prom...One of the main immune-mediated diseases that lead to avoidable blindness is non-infectious uveitis. Glucocorticoids are the first-line therapy choice for noninfectious uveitis;however, biologics are also showing promise in the management of this condition. The description of glucocorticoid and biologic usage in non-infectious uveitis is the main topic of this paper.展开更多
Diabetic macular edema (DME) is a common ocular complication of diabetes mellitus (DM) and an important cause of vision loss. The pathogenesis of DME is complex and can occur at any time of diabetic retinopathy (DR). ...Diabetic macular edema (DME) is a common ocular complication of diabetes mellitus (DM) and an important cause of vision loss. The pathogenesis of DME is complex and can occur at any time of diabetic retinopathy (DR). Effective methods of treating DME are essential to prevent irreversible damage to visual function. To date, laser photocoagulation, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) inhibitors, and corticosteroids have demonstrated their therapeutic efficacy in large randomized controlled trials and real-life observational studies. Clinicians need to consider various factors, such as efficacy, safety, accessibility, and cost, in the selection of various options. This review summarizes the current therapeutic approaches for DME to provide new references for the treatment of DM.展开更多
Cobalt-free,nickel-rich LiNi_(1-x)Al_(x)O_(2)(x≤0.1)is an attractive cathode material because of high energy density and low cost but suffers from severe structural degradation and poor rate performance.In this study...Cobalt-free,nickel-rich LiNi_(1-x)Al_(x)O_(2)(x≤0.1)is an attractive cathode material because of high energy density and low cost but suffers from severe structural degradation and poor rate performance.In this study,we propose a molten salt-assisted synthesis in combination with a Li-refeeding induced aluminum segregation strategy to prepare Li_(5)AlO_(4)-coated single-crystalline slightly Li-rich Li_(1.04)Ni_(0.92)Al_(0.04)O_(2).The symbiotic formation of Li_(5)AlO_(4)from reaction between molten lithium hydroxide and doped aluminum in the bulk ensures a high lattice matching between the Ni-rich oxide and the homogenous conductive Li_(5)AlO_(4)that permits high Li^(+)conductivity.Benefiting from mitigated undesirable side reactions and phase evolution,the Li_(5)AlO_(4)-coated single-crystalline Li_(1.04)Ni_(0.92)Al_(0.04)O_(2)delivers a high specific capacity of220.2 mA h g^(-1)at 0.1 C and considerable rate capability(182.5 mA h g^(-1)at 10 C).Besides,superior capacity retention of 90.8%is obtained at 1/3 C after 100 cycles in a 498.1 mA h pouch full cell.Furthermore,the particulate morphology of Li_(1.04)Ni_(0.92)Al_(0.04)O_(2)remains intact after cycling at a cutoff voltage of 4.3 V,whereas slightly Li-deficient Li_(0.98)Ni_(0.97)Al_(0.05)O_(2)features intragranular cracks and irreversible lattice distortion.The results highlight the value of molten salt-assisted synthesis and Li-refeeding induced elemental segregation strategy to upgrade Ni-based layered oxide cathode materials for advanced Li-ion batteries.展开更多
A synthetic wastewater containing phenol as sole substrate was treated in a 2 8 L upflow anaerobic sludge blanket(UASB) reactor at ambient temperature. The operation conditions and phenol removal efficiency were disc...A synthetic wastewater containing phenol as sole substrate was treated in a 2 8 L upflow anaerobic sludge blanket(UASB) reactor at ambient temperature. The operation conditions and phenol removal efficiency were discussed, microbial population in the UASB sludge was identified based on DNA cloning, and pathway of anaerobic phenol degradation was proposed. Phenol in wastewater was degraded in an UASB reactor at loading rate up to 18 gCOD/(L·d), with a 1:1 recycle ratio, at 26±1℃, pH 7 0—7 5. An UASB reactor was able to remove 99% of phenol up to 1226 mg/L in wastewater with 24 h of hydraulic retention time(HRT). For HRT below 24 h, phenol degradation efficiency decreased with HRT, from 95 4% at 16 h to 93 8% at 12 h. It further deteriorated to 88 5% when HRT reached 8 h. When the concentration of influent phenol of the reactor was 1260 mg/L(corresponding COD 3000 mg/L), with the HRT decreasing(from 40 h to 4 h, corresponding COD loading increasing), the biomass yields tended to increase from 0 265 to 3 08 g/(L·d). While at 12 h of HRT, the biomass yield was lower. When HRT was 12 h, the methane yield was 0 308 L/(gCOD removed), which was the highest. Throughout the study, phenol was the sole organic substrate. The effluent contained only residual phenol without any detectable intermediates, such as benzoate, 4 hydrobenzoate or volatile fatty acids(VFAs). Based on DNA cloning analysis, the sludge was composed of five groups of microorganisms. Desulfotomaculum and Clostridium were likely responsible for the conversion of phenol to benzoate, which was further degraded by Syntrophus to acetate and H 2/CO 2. Methanogens lastly converted acetate and H 2/CO 2 to methane. The role of epsilon Proteobacteria was, however, unsure.展开更多
Laser technology as one of the most important manufacturing tools in industry has entered the solar cell production processes in almost all aspects.Laser processing is extensively applied in the complete production li...Laser technology as one of the most important manufacturing tools in industry has entered the solar cell production processes in almost all aspects.Laser processing is extensively applied in the complete production line of major parts of high efficiency solar cells based on silicon wafer today,including laser edge isolation,grooving,drilling,soldering,etc.The thin-film solar cells which are on the threshold between development and mass production exhibit further potential in the reduction of production costs and also provide many opportunities for laser processing like laser scribing,laser edge deletion,etc.展开更多
Red soil is a very important soil resource in southern China. However, due to being simultaneously of high productive potentialities and severely degraded, it needs harnessing urgently. Red Soil Resource Information S...Red soil is a very important soil resource in southern China. However, due to being simultaneously of high productive potentialities and severely degraded, it needs harnessing urgently. Red Soil Resource Information System (RSRIS) based on remote sensing and geographic information system (GIS) plays an important role in survey, evaluation, utilization and management of red soil resource. RSRIS of Quzhou City) Zhejiang Province (1:250000) and RSRIS of Longyou County, Zhejiang Province (1:50000) have been made respectively on SUN SPARC station and using ARC/INFO. This paper introduces the system design,database creation and system functions, and it particularly focuses on developing applied models, such as red soil resource division and mapping, suitability evaluation, erosion risk evaluation, plant utilization zone etc. The problems on study of RSRIS and its developing strategy are also discussed.展开更多
Mineral fertilizers and organic amendment can affect the various soil organic matter (SOM) pools and the distribution of organic carbon (OC) and nitrogen (N) in these pools. It is unknown how OC and N are distributed ...Mineral fertilizers and organic amendment can affect the various soil organic matter (SOM) pools and the distribution of organic carbon (OC) and nitrogen (N) in these pools. It is unknown how OC and N are distributed in different SOM pools under different long-term fertilization regimes. Therefore, this study aimed to examine the effects on OC and N concentrations in various SOM pools after 33 years of application of chemical fertilizer and organic amendment in Anhui Province in the Huang-Huai-Hai Plain, eastern China. This long-term experiment consisted of five fertilization treatments measuring changes in the OC and N concentrations in the soils and different SOM fractions of each experiment plot. Organic amendment increased the OC and N concentrations in the mineral-associated fraction, the coarse mineral-associated fraction and the aggregates compared with the values obtained without fertilizer application. Mineral fertilizer application alone increased the abovementioned indexes, but this increase was small. There was a small but significant increase in the OC and N concentrations in the free particulate fraction, and the change in magnitude had no obvious effect on the total OC (TOC) and total N (TN) concentrations in soils. More than 80% of the water-stable aggregate-associated C was stored in macroaggregates >2 mm in size. More than 60% of the TOC and TN accumulated within mineral associations in the soil, and organic amendment increased this proportion to 80%. These results suggest that the OC in Vertisols is dominated by mineral-associated OC and that the effect of organic amendment on mineral-associated OC is obvious.展开更多
Although much is known about the benefits of providing creative writing courses to English learners, little research is available on Chinese ethnolinguistic minority learners’ creative writing in formal education. In...Although much is known about the benefits of providing creative writing courses to English learners, little research is available on Chinese ethnolinguistic minority learners’ creative writing in formal education. In response, this ethnographic study explored three ethnolinguistic minority learners’ engagement with a three-month elective English creative writing course at a Chinese university. Data(drafts, interviews, and reflection) were analyzed to reveal the three learners’ investment in creative writing and its impact. It was found that creative writing helped the learners to develop more confident writer identities, that they became more proficient in writing, and that their language proficiency also grew. The study suggests creative writing can serve as identity texts,which reflect back on their emergent creative writer identity, and can be a beneficial pedagogical option for ethnolinguistic minority learners.展开更多
In this study,various nonionic surfactants(NS) with different ethylene oxide(EO) numbers and tail lengths and its binary blends with anionic surfactants(AS) were used as emulsifiers for naphthenic oil to form the micr...In this study,various nonionic surfactants(NS) with different ethylene oxide(EO) numbers and tail lengths and its binary blends with anionic surfactants(AS) were used as emulsifiers for naphthenic oil to form the microemulsion metalworking fluids(MWFs),and the effects of them on the stability of the emulsion system were investigated by formulation triangle method.The results indicated that binary complex surfactants of NS and AS as emulsifiers exhibited better emulsifying effect than that of single NS.NS with different EO numbers and tail lengths presented various emulsifying effects.NS(EO=10)exhibited the greatest number of stable formulations,especially the TX-10,but no linear relationship existed between the number of stable formulations and the tail length of NS.In addition,aromatic primary alcohol ethoxy late(APAE) series surfactants containing benzene groups similar to the cycloalkanes in the naphthenic oil so that presented the best emulsifying affect and the greatest number of stable formulations.The co-surfactant of sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate(SDBS) binary blends with NS exerted the best synergistic effect,and the stable formulations numbers were ranged from 5 to 7,next sodium stearate(SS) comes last followed by sodium dodecyl sulfate(SDS-1) and sodium dodecyl sulfonate(SDS-2).展开更多
Wheat crops in China are constantly challenged by stripe rust. Deployment of cultivars with diverse resistances is the best strategy to control the disease. A recombinant inbred line(RIL) population derived from a cro...Wheat crops in China are constantly challenged by stripe rust. Deployment of cultivars with diverse resistances is the best strategy to control the disease. A recombinant inbred line(RIL) population derived from a cross between the resistant cultivar Chakwal 86 and susceptible landrace Mingxian 169 was studied in multiple environments to examine the underlying genetics and to identify quantitative trait loci(QTL) for stripe rust resistance.One hundred and twenty-eight RILs were genotyped with wheat 35 K SNP array and a genome-wide linkage map with 1480 polymorphic SNP markers, or bins, was constructed.Two major QTL on chromosomes 1BL and 3BS, and one minor QTL on 6BS had significant effects in reducing stripe rust severity. The QTL were validated using composite interval mapping(CIM) and inclusive composite interval mapping(ICIM). These methods explained59.0%–74.1% of the phenotype variation in disease response. The QTL on chromosome 1 BL was confirmed to be Yr29/Lr46 and the one on 3BS was the resistance allele identified in CIMMYT germplasm but was not Yr30/Sr2. The QTL on 6BS probably corresponded to previously known QTL. RILs with combined QTL were more resistant than those with single or no QTL. Kompetitive allele-specific PCR(KASP) assays for the QTL with largest effect QTL on chromosome 3BS were performed on a subset of RILs and 150 unrelated wheat lines. The QTL on 3BS with its linked KASP markers can be used in marker-assisted selection to improve stripe rust resistance in breeding programs.展开更多
In order to solve the problem of insufficient adsorption rate of droplets on the target back via aerial electrostatic spray,this study proposed a high-voltage electrostatic generator to charge the liquids in two isola...In order to solve the problem of insufficient adsorption rate of droplets on the target back via aerial electrostatic spray,this study proposed a high-voltage electrostatic generator to charge the liquids in two isolated water tanks with positive and negative charges respectively.A charge transfer loop was developed in space between the aerial electrostatic spray system and the ground.This method greatly enhanced the adsorption performance under outdoor conditions that 16.7%droplets density increased on the target front,a nearly fourfold destiny increased on the target back compared with the conventional UAV spray system.The target back-to-front ratio of droplet density was improved from 6.1%to 25.7%,which validated the satisfactory performance of the developed system.展开更多
One hundred and three color vision defective subjects were screened from 3456 middle school students with pseudoisochromatic plate test One hundred subjects out of them were further examined with a test battery includ...One hundred and three color vision defective subjects were screened from 3456 middle school students with pseudoisochromatic plate test One hundred subjects out of them were further examined with a test battery including Panel D—15 and FM 100—hue test and Neitz anomaloscope test It was found that there were 21 protanopes (P), 3 extremely protanomalous (EPA), 13 protanomalous (PA), 25 deutenopes (D), 5 extremely deuteranomalous (EDA), 28 deuteranomalous (DA), 6 unclassified subjects in our investigation. The proportion of various types of congenital color vision defects was P: EPA: PA: D: EDA: DA=1.00:0.14:0.62:1.19:0.24:1.33.展开更多
The spectral VEP in 13 normal subjects(25 eyes),four cases(8eyes)of protanopes and 8 cases(15 eyes)of deuteranopes were tested.Innormal subjects,the shortest latencies of N1,P1,N2 were in 560 nm and thegreatest amplit...The spectral VEP in 13 normal subjects(25 eyes),four cases(8eyes)of protanopes and 8 cases(15 eyes)of deuteranopes were tested.Innormal subjects,the shortest latencies of N1,P1,N2 were in 560 nm and thegreatest amplitudes of N1-P1 and P1-N2 were in 560-570 nm,around which thelatencies were delayed and the amplitudes were decreased as the wave-lengthes of stimulative light increased or decreased gradually.The spectralVEP pattern of deuteranopes was similar to the normal subjects.In theprotanopes,the shor...展开更多
Purpose: To show the follow-up of a case of vitelliform macular dystrophy with morphological and visual functional tests over an 8-year period.Methods:.Retrospective review of medical records..The morphological examin...Purpose: To show the follow-up of a case of vitelliform macular dystrophy with morphological and visual functional tests over an 8-year period.Methods:.Retrospective review of medical records..The morphological examination included color photography,.fluorescein angiography, and ocular coherence tomography(OCT).The visual functional tests included visual acuity, electro-oculogram(EOG) and multifocal electroretinography(mf ERG).The patient was observed for 8 years, from 2003 to 2011.Results:.During the follow-up,.the improvement of sensory retinal detachment and reduction of yellow-white deposit were observed with color photography and fluorescein angiography.OCT revealed a decrease in sensory retinal detachment and subretinal hyper-reflective deposits; both of these morphological changes were correspondent. Visual acuity was maintained throughout the follow-up..The Arden ratio of EOG was decreased. The amplitudes of mf ERG were decreased but slightly increased during the follow-up.Conclusion:.The retinal morphological changes and visual function slightly improved in this case of vitelliform maculopathy. The prognosis is good.展开更多
One hundred and twenty normal subjects (240 eyes) agedfrom 10 to 69 were tested with FM 100-hue test.They were divided into6 groups according to their age.It was shown that there were no statisti-cally significant dif...One hundred and twenty normal subjects (240 eyes) agedfrom 10 to 69 were tested with FM 100-hue test.They were divided into6 groups according to their age.It was shown that there were no statisti-cally significant difference in the total error score (TES) between the malesand females or between the right and left eyes,but there existed some rela-tionships between the TES and age.The total error score (TES) was thelowest in the 20-29 age group and increased gradually with aging.Theanalysis of the partial...展开更多
In 2007,one living Ermia mangshanensis was found in the Shapingpian area at the junction of South China Tiger Nature Reserve in North Guangdong and Hunan Mangshan National Nature Reserve.To learn more about Ermia mang...In 2007,one living Ermia mangshanensis was found in the Shapingpian area at the junction of South China Tiger Nature Reserve in North Guangdong and Hunan Mangshan National Nature Reserve.To learn more about Ermia mangshanensis resource,the researchers in South China Tiger Nature Reserve in North Guangdong and Hunan Mangshan National Nature Reserve conducted field survey of Ermia mangshanensis in the Shapingpian area during the period 2010- 2012.The results show that there is Ermia mangshanensis in the Shapingpian area of South China Tiger Nature Reserve at the elevation of 800- 1200 m,and the population number is estimated at 48- 80.展开更多
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.40001008) and GermanFederal Ministry for Research an
文摘An integrated remote sensing (RS) and geographic information system (GIS) technique was employed to characterize the spatial distribution of the risk of soil erosion by water on Latakia district, Syria. The universal soil loss equation (USLE) was used to calculate the annual soil loss rates for Latakia soils. Mainly, remote sensing data, soil survey, land use inventory, elevation data and climatic atlases are used as resource data sets to generate USLE factor values. The results revealed that integration of GIS/RS with USLE was a practical and effective approach for monitoring soil erosion over large areas.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 40001008) the China-British Higher Education Links (No. SHA/992/297).
文摘Over-use of fertilizer in paddy fields could lead to agro-environmental pollution. Therefore, the Paddy Fertilizer Recommendation System (PFRS) application package was designed to aid in the dissemination of fertilizer recommendations for paddy fields. PFRS utilized geographical information system (GIS) ActiveX Controls, enabling the user to select a location of interest linked to a spatial database of paddy field soil characteristics. The application package also incorporated different soil fertilizer recommendation methods, forming a relational database. The application's structure consisted primarily of building database queries using Standard Query Language (SQL) constructed during run-time, based on user provided spatial parameters of a selected location, the type of soil desired and paddy production criteria. PFRS, which was comprised of five modules including: File, View, Edit, Layer and Fertilizer/Model, provided the user with map-based fertilizer recommendations based on selected soil nutrient P and K map layers as well as N characteristics and land use maps.
基金Project supported by the British Council !(No. SHA/ 992/ 297) the Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province, China! (N
文摘Field nutrient distribution maps obtained from the study on soil variations within fields are the basis of precision agriculture. The quality of these maps for management depends on the accuracy of the predicted values, which depends on the initial sampling. To produce reliable predictions efficiently the minimal sampling size and combination should be decided firstly, which could avoid the misspent funds for field sampling work. A 7.9 hectare silage field close to the Agricultural Research institute at Hillsborough, Northern Ireland, was selected for the study. Soil samples were collected from the field at 25 m intervals in a rectangular grid to provide a database of selected soil properties. Different data combinations were subsequently abstracted from this database for comparison purposes, and ordinary kriging used to produce interpolated soil maps. These predicted data groups were compared using least significant difference (LSD) test method. The results showed that the 62 sampling sizes of triangle arrangement for soil available K were sufficient to reach the required accuracy. The triangular sample combination proved to be superior to a rectangular one of similar sample size.
基金financially supported by the National Youth Foundation of China(31901494,31601306,and 31901869)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31971890)+1 种基金supported by Young Elite Scientists Sponsorship Program of China Association for Science and Technology(2017QNRC001)the Natural Science Fund of Jiangsu Province,China(BK20161092)。
文摘Most modern wheat cultivars were selected on the basis of yield-related indices measured under optimal fertilizer and irrigation inputs.With climate change,land degradation and salinity caused by sea water encroachment,wheat is increasingly subjected to environmental stress.Moreover,expanding urbanization increasingly encroaches upon prime agricultural land in countries like China,and alternative cropping areas must be found.Some of these areas have moderate constraining factors,such as salinity.Therefore,it is important to investigate whether current genetic materials and breeding procedures are maintaining adequate variability to address future problems caused by abiotic stress.In this study,a panel of 307 wheat accessions,including local landraces,exotic cultivars used in Chinese breeding programs and Chinese cultivars released during different periods since1940,were subjected to a genome-wide association study to dissect the genetic basis of salinity tolerance.Both marker-based and pedigree-based kinship analyses revealed that favorable haplotypes were introduced in some exotic cultivars as well as a limited number of Chinese landraces from the 1940 s.However,improvements in salinity tolerance during modern breeding are not as obvious as that of yield.To broaden genetic diversity for increasing salt tolerance,there is a need to refocus attention on local landraces that have high degrees of salinity tolerance and carry rare favorable alleles that have not been exploited in breeding.
文摘One of the main immune-mediated diseases that lead to avoidable blindness is non-infectious uveitis. Glucocorticoids are the first-line therapy choice for noninfectious uveitis;however, biologics are also showing promise in the management of this condition. The description of glucocorticoid and biologic usage in non-infectious uveitis is the main topic of this paper.
文摘Diabetic macular edema (DME) is a common ocular complication of diabetes mellitus (DM) and an important cause of vision loss. The pathogenesis of DME is complex and can occur at any time of diabetic retinopathy (DR). Effective methods of treating DME are essential to prevent irreversible damage to visual function. To date, laser photocoagulation, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) inhibitors, and corticosteroids have demonstrated their therapeutic efficacy in large randomized controlled trials and real-life observational studies. Clinicians need to consider various factors, such as efficacy, safety, accessibility, and cost, in the selection of various options. This review summarizes the current therapeutic approaches for DME to provide new references for the treatment of DM.
基金supported by the China National Funds for Distinguished Young Scientists(21925503)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21835004)the Jilin Scientific and Technological Development Program(20220301018GX)。
文摘Cobalt-free,nickel-rich LiNi_(1-x)Al_(x)O_(2)(x≤0.1)is an attractive cathode material because of high energy density and low cost but suffers from severe structural degradation and poor rate performance.In this study,we propose a molten salt-assisted synthesis in combination with a Li-refeeding induced aluminum segregation strategy to prepare Li_(5)AlO_(4)-coated single-crystalline slightly Li-rich Li_(1.04)Ni_(0.92)Al_(0.04)O_(2).The symbiotic formation of Li_(5)AlO_(4)from reaction between molten lithium hydroxide and doped aluminum in the bulk ensures a high lattice matching between the Ni-rich oxide and the homogenous conductive Li_(5)AlO_(4)that permits high Li^(+)conductivity.Benefiting from mitigated undesirable side reactions and phase evolution,the Li_(5)AlO_(4)-coated single-crystalline Li_(1.04)Ni_(0.92)Al_(0.04)O_(2)delivers a high specific capacity of220.2 mA h g^(-1)at 0.1 C and considerable rate capability(182.5 mA h g^(-1)at 10 C).Besides,superior capacity retention of 90.8%is obtained at 1/3 C after 100 cycles in a 498.1 mA h pouch full cell.Furthermore,the particulate morphology of Li_(1.04)Ni_(0.92)Al_(0.04)O_(2)remains intact after cycling at a cutoff voltage of 4.3 V,whereas slightly Li-deficient Li_(0.98)Ni_(0.97)Al_(0.05)O_(2)features intragranular cracks and irreversible lattice distortion.The results highlight the value of molten salt-assisted synthesis and Li-refeeding induced elemental segregation strategy to upgrade Ni-based layered oxide cathode materials for advanced Li-ion batteries.
文摘A synthetic wastewater containing phenol as sole substrate was treated in a 2 8 L upflow anaerobic sludge blanket(UASB) reactor at ambient temperature. The operation conditions and phenol removal efficiency were discussed, microbial population in the UASB sludge was identified based on DNA cloning, and pathway of anaerobic phenol degradation was proposed. Phenol in wastewater was degraded in an UASB reactor at loading rate up to 18 gCOD/(L·d), with a 1:1 recycle ratio, at 26±1℃, pH 7 0—7 5. An UASB reactor was able to remove 99% of phenol up to 1226 mg/L in wastewater with 24 h of hydraulic retention time(HRT). For HRT below 24 h, phenol degradation efficiency decreased with HRT, from 95 4% at 16 h to 93 8% at 12 h. It further deteriorated to 88 5% when HRT reached 8 h. When the concentration of influent phenol of the reactor was 1260 mg/L(corresponding COD 3000 mg/L), with the HRT decreasing(from 40 h to 4 h, corresponding COD loading increasing), the biomass yields tended to increase from 0 265 to 3 08 g/(L·d). While at 12 h of HRT, the biomass yield was lower. When HRT was 12 h, the methane yield was 0 308 L/(gCOD removed), which was the highest. Throughout the study, phenol was the sole organic substrate. The effluent contained only residual phenol without any detectable intermediates, such as benzoate, 4 hydrobenzoate or volatile fatty acids(VFAs). Based on DNA cloning analysis, the sludge was composed of five groups of microorganisms. Desulfotomaculum and Clostridium were likely responsible for the conversion of phenol to benzoate, which was further degraded by Syntrophus to acetate and H 2/CO 2. Methanogens lastly converted acetate and H 2/CO 2 to methane. The role of epsilon Proteobacteria was, however, unsure.
文摘Laser technology as one of the most important manufacturing tools in industry has entered the solar cell production processes in almost all aspects.Laser processing is extensively applied in the complete production line of major parts of high efficiency solar cells based on silicon wafer today,including laser edge isolation,grooving,drilling,soldering,etc.The thin-film solar cells which are on the threshold between development and mass production exhibit further potential in the reduction of production costs and also provide many opportunities for laser processing like laser scribing,laser edge deletion,etc.
文摘Red soil is a very important soil resource in southern China. However, due to being simultaneously of high productive potentialities and severely degraded, it needs harnessing urgently. Red Soil Resource Information System (RSRIS) based on remote sensing and geographic information system (GIS) plays an important role in survey, evaluation, utilization and management of red soil resource. RSRIS of Quzhou City) Zhejiang Province (1:250000) and RSRIS of Longyou County, Zhejiang Province (1:50000) have been made respectively on SUN SPARC station and using ARC/INFO. This paper introduces the system design,database creation and system functions, and it particularly focuses on developing applied models, such as red soil resource division and mapping, suitability evaluation, erosion risk evaluation, plant utilization zone etc. The problems on study of RSRIS and its developing strategy are also discussed.
文摘Mineral fertilizers and organic amendment can affect the various soil organic matter (SOM) pools and the distribution of organic carbon (OC) and nitrogen (N) in these pools. It is unknown how OC and N are distributed in different SOM pools under different long-term fertilization regimes. Therefore, this study aimed to examine the effects on OC and N concentrations in various SOM pools after 33 years of application of chemical fertilizer and organic amendment in Anhui Province in the Huang-Huai-Hai Plain, eastern China. This long-term experiment consisted of five fertilization treatments measuring changes in the OC and N concentrations in the soils and different SOM fractions of each experiment plot. Organic amendment increased the OC and N concentrations in the mineral-associated fraction, the coarse mineral-associated fraction and the aggregates compared with the values obtained without fertilizer application. Mineral fertilizer application alone increased the abovementioned indexes, but this increase was small. There was a small but significant increase in the OC and N concentrations in the free particulate fraction, and the change in magnitude had no obvious effect on the total OC (TOC) and total N (TN) concentrations in soils. More than 80% of the water-stable aggregate-associated C was stored in macroaggregates >2 mm in size. More than 60% of the TOC and TN accumulated within mineral associations in the soil, and organic amendment increased this proportion to 80%. These results suggest that the OC in Vertisols is dominated by mineral-associated OC and that the effect of organic amendment on mineral-associated OC is obvious.
文摘Although much is known about the benefits of providing creative writing courses to English learners, little research is available on Chinese ethnolinguistic minority learners’ creative writing in formal education. In response, this ethnographic study explored three ethnolinguistic minority learners’ engagement with a three-month elective English creative writing course at a Chinese university. Data(drafts, interviews, and reflection) were analyzed to reveal the three learners’ investment in creative writing and its impact. It was found that creative writing helped the learners to develop more confident writer identities, that they became more proficient in writing, and that their language proficiency also grew. The study suggests creative writing can serve as identity texts,which reflect back on their emergent creative writer identity, and can be a beneficial pedagogical option for ethnolinguistic minority learners.
基金supported from the Shanghai Association for Science and Technology Achievements Transformation Alliance Program(No.LM201851)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.21878188,21606151 and 21707092)+2 种基金Shanghai Excellent Technology Leaders Program(No.17XD1424900)"Chenguang Program"from Shanghai Education Development FoundationShanghai Municipal Education Commission(No.18CGB12)。
文摘In this study,various nonionic surfactants(NS) with different ethylene oxide(EO) numbers and tail lengths and its binary blends with anionic surfactants(AS) were used as emulsifiers for naphthenic oil to form the microemulsion metalworking fluids(MWFs),and the effects of them on the stability of the emulsion system were investigated by formulation triangle method.The results indicated that binary complex surfactants of NS and AS as emulsifiers exhibited better emulsifying effect than that of single NS.NS with different EO numbers and tail lengths presented various emulsifying effects.NS(EO=10)exhibited the greatest number of stable formulations,especially the TX-10,but no linear relationship existed between the number of stable formulations and the tail length of NS.In addition,aromatic primary alcohol ethoxy late(APAE) series surfactants containing benzene groups similar to the cycloalkanes in the naphthenic oil so that presented the best emulsifying affect and the greatest number of stable formulations.The co-surfactant of sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate(SDBS) binary blends with NS exerted the best synergistic effect,and the stable formulations numbers were ranged from 5 to 7,next sodium stearate(SS) comes last followed by sodium dodecyl sulfate(SDS-1) and sodium dodecyl sulfonate(SDS-2).
基金financially supported by the National Science Foundation for Young Scientists of China(31701421)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2016YFE0108600)+2 种基金the China Agriculture Research System(CARS-3-1-11)the Genetically Modified Organisms Breeding Major Project(2016ZX08002001)the Key Project of Science and Technology of Tibetan Autonomous Region,China(XZ201702NB15)
文摘Wheat crops in China are constantly challenged by stripe rust. Deployment of cultivars with diverse resistances is the best strategy to control the disease. A recombinant inbred line(RIL) population derived from a cross between the resistant cultivar Chakwal 86 and susceptible landrace Mingxian 169 was studied in multiple environments to examine the underlying genetics and to identify quantitative trait loci(QTL) for stripe rust resistance.One hundred and twenty-eight RILs were genotyped with wheat 35 K SNP array and a genome-wide linkage map with 1480 polymorphic SNP markers, or bins, was constructed.Two major QTL on chromosomes 1BL and 3BS, and one minor QTL on 6BS had significant effects in reducing stripe rust severity. The QTL were validated using composite interval mapping(CIM) and inclusive composite interval mapping(ICIM). These methods explained59.0%–74.1% of the phenotype variation in disease response. The QTL on chromosome 1 BL was confirmed to be Yr29/Lr46 and the one on 3BS was the resistance allele identified in CIMMYT germplasm but was not Yr30/Sr2. The QTL on 6BS probably corresponded to previously known QTL. RILs with combined QTL were more resistant than those with single or no QTL. Kompetitive allele-specific PCR(KASP) assays for the QTL with largest effect QTL on chromosome 3BS were performed on a subset of RILs and 150 unrelated wheat lines. The QTL on 3BS with its linked KASP markers can be used in marker-assisted selection to improve stripe rust resistance in breeding programs.
基金This study was financially supported by the Shandong Province Introduced the Top Talents‘One Case One Discussion’Special Funded Project(2018.01-2021.12)the Central Government Guided Local Science and Technology Development Special Fund‘Precision Agricultural Aviation Technology and Equipment Research and Development’Funded Project(2017.1-2019.12)+1 种基金the Shandong Province Dry Farming Intelligent Agricultural Machinery Equipment Collaborative Innovation Center Funded Project(2017.7-2020.12)the Zibo Science and Technology Development Plan Funding Project(Grant No.2018kj010073).
文摘In order to solve the problem of insufficient adsorption rate of droplets on the target back via aerial electrostatic spray,this study proposed a high-voltage electrostatic generator to charge the liquids in two isolated water tanks with positive and negative charges respectively.A charge transfer loop was developed in space between the aerial electrostatic spray system and the ground.This method greatly enhanced the adsorption performance under outdoor conditions that 16.7%droplets density increased on the target front,a nearly fourfold destiny increased on the target back compared with the conventional UAV spray system.The target back-to-front ratio of droplet density was improved from 6.1%to 25.7%,which validated the satisfactory performance of the developed system.
文摘One hundred and three color vision defective subjects were screened from 3456 middle school students with pseudoisochromatic plate test One hundred subjects out of them were further examined with a test battery including Panel D—15 and FM 100—hue test and Neitz anomaloscope test It was found that there were 21 protanopes (P), 3 extremely protanomalous (EPA), 13 protanomalous (PA), 25 deutenopes (D), 5 extremely deuteranomalous (EDA), 28 deuteranomalous (DA), 6 unclassified subjects in our investigation. The proportion of various types of congenital color vision defects was P: EPA: PA: D: EDA: DA=1.00:0.14:0.62:1.19:0.24:1.33.
文摘The spectral VEP in 13 normal subjects(25 eyes),four cases(8eyes)of protanopes and 8 cases(15 eyes)of deuteranopes were tested.Innormal subjects,the shortest latencies of N1,P1,N2 were in 560 nm and thegreatest amplitudes of N1-P1 and P1-N2 were in 560-570 nm,around which thelatencies were delayed and the amplitudes were decreased as the wave-lengthes of stimulative light increased or decreased gradually.The spectralVEP pattern of deuteranopes was similar to the normal subjects.In theprotanopes,the shor...
文摘Purpose: To show the follow-up of a case of vitelliform macular dystrophy with morphological and visual functional tests over an 8-year period.Methods:.Retrospective review of medical records..The morphological examination included color photography,.fluorescein angiography, and ocular coherence tomography(OCT).The visual functional tests included visual acuity, electro-oculogram(EOG) and multifocal electroretinography(mf ERG).The patient was observed for 8 years, from 2003 to 2011.Results:.During the follow-up,.the improvement of sensory retinal detachment and reduction of yellow-white deposit were observed with color photography and fluorescein angiography.OCT revealed a decrease in sensory retinal detachment and subretinal hyper-reflective deposits; both of these morphological changes were correspondent. Visual acuity was maintained throughout the follow-up..The Arden ratio of EOG was decreased. The amplitudes of mf ERG were decreased but slightly increased during the follow-up.Conclusion:.The retinal morphological changes and visual function slightly improved in this case of vitelliform maculopathy. The prognosis is good.
文摘One hundred and twenty normal subjects (240 eyes) agedfrom 10 to 69 were tested with FM 100-hue test.They were divided into6 groups according to their age.It was shown that there were no statisti-cally significant difference in the total error score (TES) between the malesand females or between the right and left eyes,but there existed some rela-tionships between the TES and age.The total error score (TES) was thelowest in the 20-29 age group and increased gradually with aging.Theanalysis of the partial...
基金Supported by Special Forestry Science and Technology Innovation Project in Guangdong Province(2012kjcx017-02)
文摘In 2007,one living Ermia mangshanensis was found in the Shapingpian area at the junction of South China Tiger Nature Reserve in North Guangdong and Hunan Mangshan National Nature Reserve.To learn more about Ermia mangshanensis resource,the researchers in South China Tiger Nature Reserve in North Guangdong and Hunan Mangshan National Nature Reserve conducted field survey of Ermia mangshanensis in the Shapingpian area during the period 2010- 2012.The results show that there is Ermia mangshanensis in the Shapingpian area of South China Tiger Nature Reserve at the elevation of 800- 1200 m,and the population number is estimated at 48- 80.
