The development of vehicle integrated photovoltaics-powered electric vehicles (VIPV-EV) significantly reduces CO<sub>2</sub> emissions from the transport sector to realize a decarbonized society. Although ...The development of vehicle integrated photovoltaics-powered electric vehicles (VIPV-EV) significantly reduces CO<sub>2</sub> emissions from the transport sector to realize a decarbonized society. Although long-distance driving of VIPV-EV without electricity charging is expected in sunny regions, driving distance of VIPV-EV is affected by climate conditions such as solar irradiation and temperature rise of PV modules. In this paper, detailed analytical results for effects of climate conditions such as solar irradiation and temperature rise of PV modules upon driving distance of the VIPV-EV were presented by using test data for Toyota Prius and Nissan Van demonstration cars installed with high-efficiency InGaP/GaAs/InGaAs 3-junction solar cell modules with a module efficiency of more than 30%. The temperature rise of some PV modules studied in this study was shown to be expressed by some coefficients related to solar irradiation, wind speed and radiative cooling. The potential of VIPV-EV to be deployed in 10 major cities was also analyzed. Although sunshine cities such as Phoenix show the high reduction ratio of driving range with 17% due to temperature rise of VIPV modules, populous cities such as Tokyo show low reduction ratio of 9%. It was also shown in this paper that the difference between the driving distance of VIPV-EV driving in the morning and the afternoon is due to PV modules’ radiative cooling. In addition, the importance of heat dissipation of PV modules and the development of high-efficiency PV modules with better temperature coefficients was suggested in order to expand driving range of VIPV-EV. The effects of air-conditioner usage and partial shading in addition to the effects of temperature rise of VIPV modules were suggested as the other power losses of VIPV-EV.展开更多
AIM: To evaluate if canine models are appropriate for teaching endoscopy fellows the techniques of endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD). METHODS: ESD was performed in 10 canine models under general anesthesia, on ar...AIM: To evaluate if canine models are appropriate for teaching endoscopy fellows the techniques of endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD). METHODS: ESD was performed in 10 canine models under general anesthesia, on artificial lesions of the esophagus or stomach marked with coagulation points. After ESD, each canine model was euthanized and surgical resection of the esophagus or stomach was carried out according to "The Principles of Humane Experimental Technique, Russel and Burch". The ESD specimens were fixed with needles on cork submerged in a formol solution with the esophagus or stomach, and delivered to the pathology department to be analyzed. RESULTS: ESD was completed without complications using the Hook-knife in five esophageal areas, with a procedural duration of 124 ± 19 min, a length of 27.4 ± 2.6 mm and a width of 21 ± 2.4 mm. ESD was also completed without complications using the IT-knife2 in five gastric areas, with a procedural duration of 92.6 ± 19 min, a length of 32 ± 2.5 mm and a width of 18 ± 3.7 mm. CONCLUSION: ESD is feasible in the normal esopha- gus and stomach of canine models, which are appropriate for teaching this technique.展开更多
The aim of this paper is to clarify the pattern and process of changes of landscape in riverside open spaces in urbanized area.The area between the old banks of the Furukawa River in Hiroshima City was examined in thi...The aim of this paper is to clarify the pattern and process of changes of landscape in riverside open spaces in urbanized area.The area between the old banks of the Furukawa River in Hiroshima City was examined in this research.The land use maps of the study area were drawn at seven different times were analyzed,and the number,sizes and perimeters of all patches of all land use types were measured.In these areas,temporal patterns of land use change over the past 30 years were divided to three stages:19661976,19761988 and 19881997.As a result of human disturbance,the riparian forest patches in urbanized areas have decreased in average size and have also become longer and narrower.展开更多
The </span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">development of photovoltaics (PV)-powered vehicles are expected to contribute to reduce CO</span&...The </span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">development of photovoltaics (PV)-powered vehicles are expected to contribute to reduce CO</span><sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">2</span></sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> emission of vehicles and create </span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">a </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">clean energy society. This paper presents </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">the </span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">impact of high-efficiency solar cell modules on reduction in CO</span><sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">2</span></sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> emission, charging cost reduction for electric vehicles</span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">,</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> and reducing storage capacity of PV-powered electric vehicles. In this paper, </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">the </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">effects of solar cell module efficiency upon driving distance of PV-powered vehicles are also shown. Especially, </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">the </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">potential of Si tandem solar cells for PV-powered vehicle application</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">s</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> is discussed. This paper presents that the III-V/Si 3-junction solar cell modules with an efficiency of more than 37% have </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">the </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">potential of longer driving distance of 30 km/day average and more than 50 km/day on a clear day compared to </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">an </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">average 16 km/day driving by vehicles powered by 20% efficiency Si solar cell modules.展开更多
BACKGROUND Carcinoma of the ampulla of Vater is an uncommon ampullo-pancreatobiliary neoplasm,and the most common histological type is adenocarcinoma with a tubular growth pattern.Invasive micropapillary carcinoma(IMP...BACKGROUND Carcinoma of the ampulla of Vater is an uncommon ampullo-pancreatobiliary neoplasm,and the most common histological type is adenocarcinoma with a tubular growth pattern.Invasive micropapillary carcinoma(IMPC)is an aggressive variant of adenocarcinoma in several organs that is associated with lymph node metastasis and poor prognosis.IMPC was first described as a histological subtype of breast cancer;however,IMPC of the ampulla of Vater is extremely rare,with only three articles reported in the English literature.CASE SUMMARY We have reported a case of IMPC of the ampulla of Vater in an 80-year-old man.Microscopically,the surface area of the carcinoma was composed of tubulopapillary structures mimicking intra-ampullary papillary-tubular neoplasm,and the deep invasive front area exhibited a pattern of IMPC.The carcinoma showed lymphatic invasion and extensive lymph node metastasis.The immunohistochemical study revealed mixed intestinal and gastric/pancreatobiliary phenotypes.CONCLUSION This rare subtype tumor in the ampulla of Vater showed a histologically mixed phenotype and exhibited aggressive behavior.展开更多
BACKGROUND Generalized periodontitis is a severe periodontal disease characterized by rapid periodontal destruction in healthy persons.This case report describes the treatment of a severe crowding,large overjet,and oc...BACKGROUND Generalized periodontitis is a severe periodontal disease characterized by rapid periodontal destruction in healthy persons.This case report describes the treatment of a severe crowding,large overjet,and occlusal collapse due to the loss of anterior guidance with generalized periodontitis.CASE SUMMARY A 35-year-old female patient with a chief complaint of crowding and maxillary protrusion was diagnosed with generalized periodontitis by clinical and radiographic examinations.To improve crowding and overjet,orthodontic treatment was performed after basic periodontal therapy.Severely damaged upper right lateral incisor and left canine were extracted,and lower right first premolar and left second premolar were also removed to treat severe crowding.After orthodontic treatment,periodontal flap surgery for upper left molars and guided tissue regeneration for the lower left second molar was performed.Then,a dental implant was inserted in the upper left canine legion.The esthetics of the maxillary anterior tooth was improved by prosthetic restorations.The treatment result showed a well-improved occlusion with proper anterior guidance and healthy periodontal tissue after a retention period of 10 years.CONCLUSION Periodontal,orthodontic,and prosthodontic treatments are extremely useful to improve function and stable periodontal tissue for generalized periodontitis.展开更多
Afghanistan is threatened by rangeland degradation.A quantitative visual analysis of Google Earth Imagery was used to systematically locate,characterize and quantify the current extent of rangelands in Afghanistan deg...Afghanistan is threatened by rangeland degradation.A quantitative visual analysis of Google Earth Imagery was used to systematically locate,characterize and quantify the current extent of rangelands in Afghanistan degraded as a consequence of dryland agriculture.Climate data were used in conjunction with dryland agriculture locations to establish a climate envelope comprised by temperature and mean annual precipitation to create a geographical mask known to contain dryland agriculture.Within this mask we created a grid of 100 km2 cells that we analyzed individually to access dryland agriculture extent.Climatic limits to sustainable dryland agriculture and areas of high restoration priority were also assessed as was the distribution of rain-fed agriculture with respect to the location of traditional migration routes for extensive livestock producers.The extents of agriculture in Afghanistan,at both upper and lower elevations,correlated most closely with mean annual temperature（MAT） at the upper elevation limits,and with mean annual precipitation（MAP） at the lower elevation limits.In total,dryland agriculture comprised 38,980 km2 of former native rangeland.Conversion was highest in the northwestern,northern and northeastern provinces of Herat,Badghis,Faryab,Jawzjan,Sar-e-Pul,Samangan,Balkh,Baghlan,Kunduz,Takhar and Badakhshan,with the highest percentage of conversion occurring in Takhar.An MAP value of 〈400 mm is perceived by farmers as the current climatic limit to sustainable dryland agriculture across the northern regions of the country.Uder this MAP value,approximately 27,677 km2 of converted rangeland met the need for restoration priority.Climate projections indicate that Afghanistan will become warmer and drier in the coming decades.One consequence of this trend is that the MAP threshold of 〈400 mm to sustainable dryland agriculture will become obsolete in the coming decades.Restoration of currently converted rangelands is needed to restore critical grazing areas as is the adoption of prudent rang展开更多
AIM: To summarize the clinical impact of a formal training for the effectiveness and safety of endoscopic submucosal dissection for gastrointestinal cancer.METHODS: We searched databases including PubM ed, EMBASE and ...AIM: To summarize the clinical impact of a formal training for the effectiveness and safety of endoscopic submucosal dissection for gastrointestinal cancer.METHODS: We searched databases including PubM ed, EMBASE and the Cochrane Library and Science citation Index updated to August 2014 to include eligible articles. In the Meta-analysis, the main outcome measurements were en bloc resection rate, local recurrence rate(R0) and the incidence of procedure-related complications(perforation, bleeding). RESULTS: En bloc resection was high for both, dissecting stomach tumors with an overall percentage of 93.2%(95%CI: 90.5-95.8) and dissecting colorectal tumors with an overall percentage of 89.4%(95%CI: 85.1-93.7). Although the number of studies reporting R0 resection(the dissected specimen was revealed free of tumor in both vertical and lateral margins) was small, the overall estimates for R0 resection were 81.4%(95%CI: 72-90.8) for stomach and 85.9%(95%CI: 77.5-95.5) for colorectal tumors, respectively. The analysis showed that the percentage of immediate perforation and bleeding were very low; 4.96(95%CI: 3.6-6.3) and 1.4%(95%CI: 0.8-1.9) for colorectal tumors and 3.1%(95%CI: 2.0-4.1) and 4.8%(95%CI: 2.8-6.7) for stomach tumors, respectively. CONCLUSION: In order to obtain the same rate of success of the analyzed studies it is a necessity to create training centers in the western countries during the "several years" of gastroenterology residence first only to teach EGC diagnose and second only to train endoscopic submucosal dissection.展开更多
Podocyte loss was well known in type 2 diabetic nephropathy patients. The objective of the present study was to determine the number of podocytes and the degree of albuminuria in diabetic KK-Ay/Ta (KK-Ay) mice which h...Podocyte loss was well known in type 2 diabetic nephropathy patients. The objective of the present study was to determine the number of podocytes and the degree of albuminuria in diabetic KK-Ay/Ta (KK-Ay) mice which had been reported as diabetic nephropathy model. Diabetic KK-Ay mice, diabetic KK/Ta mice and non-diabetic BALB/cA Jcl (BALB/cA) mice were studied. We analyzed glomerular lesions in all mice by morphometric analysis and immunofluorescence to determine the number of podocytes. Level of urinary albumin was also measured. Glomerular enlargement and mesangial expansion were observed in KK-Ay mice. Mean number of podocytes per glomerulus (NG pod) in diabetic KK-Ay mice was significantly lower than that in non-diabetic BALB/cA mice. Mean NG pod/glomerular area (GA) per glomerulus was also significantly decreased in diabetic KK-Ay mice. The level of urinary albumin/creatinine ratio (ACR) in diabetic KK-Ay mice was significantly higher than that in non-diabetic BALB/cA mice. These data suggest that podocyte loss might induce albuminuria in KK-Ay mice. This finding confirmed our previous report that KK-Ay mice, especially in terms of histological findings, are a suitable animal model for glomerular injury in type 2 diabetic nephropathy.展开更多
An appendiceal neurofibroma(ANF) is a rare neoplasm associated with neurofibromatosis type 1(NF-1),an inheritable neurocutaneous disorder that involves multiple systems including the intraabdominal organs.Appendiceal ...An appendiceal neurofibroma(ANF) is a rare neoplasm associated with neurofibromatosis type 1(NF-1),an inheritable neurocutaneous disorder that involves multiple systems including the intraabdominal organs.Appendiceal diverticulitis occasionally ruptures in the absence of intense abdominal pain,which can lead to serious consequences.Recent reports highlight the association between appendiceal diverticulum and appendiceal neoplasms; however,there is still little information on the association between appendiceal diverticulitis and ANF in NF-1.A 51-year-old Japanese male with NF-1 was referred to the division of surgery for mild right lower quadrant pain.It was suspected he had perforated acute appendicitis with periappendiceal abscess based on clinical manifestations and findings of computed tomography.An emergency appendectomy was conducted.The pathological examination revealed diffusely proliferated tumor cells of a neurofibroma,coexistent with multiple appendiceal diverticulums,leading to the diagnosis ofperforated appendiceal diverticulitis associated with ANF.Although he developed a remnant abscess,he recovered with the conservative treatments of antibiotics and drainage.This case suggests that appendiceal diverticulitis might be a complication of appendiceal involvement of NF-1,and that it occasionally ruptures in the absence of intense abdominal pain.Clinicians should recognize that NF-1 can cause various abdominal manifestations.展开更多
In this paper, we report the design and moleculardocking study of analogues of antimycin A3 as inhibitors of anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 of breast cancer. Twenty designed compounds and the original antimycin A3 were docked b...In this paper, we report the design and moleculardocking study of analogues of antimycin A3 as inhibitors of anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 of breast cancer. Twenty designed compounds and the original antimycin A3 were docked based on their interaction with breast tumor receptor binding target Bcl-2. The docking resulted in the five top-ranked compounds, namely, compounds 11, 14, 15, 16, and 20, which have a lower G binding energy, better affinity and stronger hydrogen bonding interactions to the active site of Bcl-2 than antimycin A3. Among those five top-ranked compounds, analogue compounds 11 and 14, which have an 18-membered tetralactone core and 18-membered tetraol core, respectively, exhibited the strongest hydrogen bond interaction, formed high stability conformation, and demonstrated the greatest inhibitory activity on the catalytic site of Bcl-2.展开更多
Introduction SARS-CoV-2 vaccination is an effective means to prevent severe illness and death due to SARS-CoV-2 infection[1].Vaccine safety has been carefully monitored to be sure that the benefit outweighs the risk o...Introduction SARS-CoV-2 vaccination is an effective means to prevent severe illness and death due to SARS-CoV-2 infection[1].Vaccine safety has been carefully monitored to be sure that the benefit outweighs the risk of adverse events(AEs).Common AEs of the BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine,for example,include fatigue(45%),headache(40%),and chills(28%)after the first administration in accordance with the adult phase Ⅲ clinical trial[1].展开更多
Morphological structure and growth process of LbL nanostructured films from nickel tetrasulfonated phthalocyanine (NiTsPc) alternated with polyallylamine hydrochloride (PAH) were investigated. The experimental results...Morphological structure and growth process of LbL nanostructured films from nickel tetrasulfonated phthalocyanine (NiTsPc) alternated with polyallylamine hydrochloride (PAH) were investigated. The experimental results of UV-visible adsorption kinetics (modeled by Johnson-Mehl-Avrami functions) and AFM images analyzes suggested that the surface morphology structure of films is formed by rod-shaped aggregates produced by a two-step growth process: nucleation and diffusion-limited growth.展开更多
文摘The development of vehicle integrated photovoltaics-powered electric vehicles (VIPV-EV) significantly reduces CO<sub>2</sub> emissions from the transport sector to realize a decarbonized society. Although long-distance driving of VIPV-EV without electricity charging is expected in sunny regions, driving distance of VIPV-EV is affected by climate conditions such as solar irradiation and temperature rise of PV modules. In this paper, detailed analytical results for effects of climate conditions such as solar irradiation and temperature rise of PV modules upon driving distance of the VIPV-EV were presented by using test data for Toyota Prius and Nissan Van demonstration cars installed with high-efficiency InGaP/GaAs/InGaAs 3-junction solar cell modules with a module efficiency of more than 30%. The temperature rise of some PV modules studied in this study was shown to be expressed by some coefficients related to solar irradiation, wind speed and radiative cooling. The potential of VIPV-EV to be deployed in 10 major cities was also analyzed. Although sunshine cities such as Phoenix show the high reduction ratio of driving range with 17% due to temperature rise of VIPV modules, populous cities such as Tokyo show low reduction ratio of 9%. It was also shown in this paper that the difference between the driving distance of VIPV-EV driving in the morning and the afternoon is due to PV modules’ radiative cooling. In addition, the importance of heat dissipation of PV modules and the development of high-efficiency PV modules with better temperature coefficients was suggested in order to expand driving range of VIPV-EV. The effects of air-conditioner usage and partial shading in addition to the effects of temperature rise of VIPV modules were suggested as the other power losses of VIPV-EV.
文摘AIM: To evaluate if canine models are appropriate for teaching endoscopy fellows the techniques of endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD). METHODS: ESD was performed in 10 canine models under general anesthesia, on artificial lesions of the esophagus or stomach marked with coagulation points. After ESD, each canine model was euthanized and surgical resection of the esophagus or stomach was carried out according to "The Principles of Humane Experimental Technique, Russel and Burch". The ESD specimens were fixed with needles on cork submerged in a formol solution with the esophagus or stomach, and delivered to the pathology department to be analyzed. RESULTS: ESD was completed without complications using the Hook-knife in five esophageal areas, with a procedural duration of 124 ± 19 min, a length of 27.4 ± 2.6 mm and a width of 21 ± 2.4 mm. ESD was also completed without complications using the IT-knife2 in five gastric areas, with a procedural duration of 92.6 ± 19 min, a length of 32 ± 2.5 mm and a width of 18 ± 3.7 mm. CONCLUSION: ESD is feasible in the normal esopha- gus and stomach of canine models, which are appropriate for teaching this technique.
文摘The aim of this paper is to clarify the pattern and process of changes of landscape in riverside open spaces in urbanized area.The area between the old banks of the Furukawa River in Hiroshima City was examined in this research.The land use maps of the study area were drawn at seven different times were analyzed,and the number,sizes and perimeters of all patches of all land use types were measured.In these areas,temporal patterns of land use change over the past 30 years were divided to three stages:19661976,19761988 and 19881997.As a result of human disturbance,the riparian forest patches in urbanized areas have decreased in average size and have also become longer and narrower.
文摘The </span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">development of photovoltaics (PV)-powered vehicles are expected to contribute to reduce CO</span><sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">2</span></sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> emission of vehicles and create </span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">a </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">clean energy society. This paper presents </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">the </span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">impact of high-efficiency solar cell modules on reduction in CO</span><sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">2</span></sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> emission, charging cost reduction for electric vehicles</span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">,</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> and reducing storage capacity of PV-powered electric vehicles. In this paper, </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">the </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">effects of solar cell module efficiency upon driving distance of PV-powered vehicles are also shown. Especially, </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">the </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">potential of Si tandem solar cells for PV-powered vehicle application</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">s</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> is discussed. This paper presents that the III-V/Si 3-junction solar cell modules with an efficiency of more than 37% have </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">the </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">potential of longer driving distance of 30 km/day average and more than 50 km/day on a clear day compared to </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">an </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">average 16 km/day driving by vehicles powered by 20% efficiency Si solar cell modules.
文摘BACKGROUND Carcinoma of the ampulla of Vater is an uncommon ampullo-pancreatobiliary neoplasm,and the most common histological type is adenocarcinoma with a tubular growth pattern.Invasive micropapillary carcinoma(IMPC)is an aggressive variant of adenocarcinoma in several organs that is associated with lymph node metastasis and poor prognosis.IMPC was first described as a histological subtype of breast cancer;however,IMPC of the ampulla of Vater is extremely rare,with only three articles reported in the English literature.CASE SUMMARY We have reported a case of IMPC of the ampulla of Vater in an 80-year-old man.Microscopically,the surface area of the carcinoma was composed of tubulopapillary structures mimicking intra-ampullary papillary-tubular neoplasm,and the deep invasive front area exhibited a pattern of IMPC.The carcinoma showed lymphatic invasion and extensive lymph node metastasis.The immunohistochemical study revealed mixed intestinal and gastric/pancreatobiliary phenotypes.CONCLUSION This rare subtype tumor in the ampulla of Vater showed a histologically mixed phenotype and exhibited aggressive behavior.
文摘BACKGROUND Generalized periodontitis is a severe periodontal disease characterized by rapid periodontal destruction in healthy persons.This case report describes the treatment of a severe crowding,large overjet,and occlusal collapse due to the loss of anterior guidance with generalized periodontitis.CASE SUMMARY A 35-year-old female patient with a chief complaint of crowding and maxillary protrusion was diagnosed with generalized periodontitis by clinical and radiographic examinations.To improve crowding and overjet,orthodontic treatment was performed after basic periodontal therapy.Severely damaged upper right lateral incisor and left canine were extracted,and lower right first premolar and left second premolar were also removed to treat severe crowding.After orthodontic treatment,periodontal flap surgery for upper left molars and guided tissue regeneration for the lower left second molar was performed.Then,a dental implant was inserted in the upper left canine legion.The esthetics of the maxillary anterior tooth was improved by prosthetic restorations.The treatment result showed a well-improved occlusion with proper anterior guidance and healthy periodontal tissue after a retention period of 10 years.CONCLUSION Periodontal,orthodontic,and prosthodontic treatments are extremely useful to improve function and stable periodontal tissue for generalized periodontitis.
基金funded by the U.S.Agency for International Development (306-A-00-06-00521-00)
文摘Afghanistan is threatened by rangeland degradation.A quantitative visual analysis of Google Earth Imagery was used to systematically locate,characterize and quantify the current extent of rangelands in Afghanistan degraded as a consequence of dryland agriculture.Climate data were used in conjunction with dryland agriculture locations to establish a climate envelope comprised by temperature and mean annual precipitation to create a geographical mask known to contain dryland agriculture.Within this mask we created a grid of 100 km2 cells that we analyzed individually to access dryland agriculture extent.Climatic limits to sustainable dryland agriculture and areas of high restoration priority were also assessed as was the distribution of rain-fed agriculture with respect to the location of traditional migration routes for extensive livestock producers.The extents of agriculture in Afghanistan,at both upper and lower elevations,correlated most closely with mean annual temperature（MAT） at the upper elevation limits,and with mean annual precipitation（MAP） at the lower elevation limits.In total,dryland agriculture comprised 38,980 km2 of former native rangeland.Conversion was highest in the northwestern,northern and northeastern provinces of Herat,Badghis,Faryab,Jawzjan,Sar-e-Pul,Samangan,Balkh,Baghlan,Kunduz,Takhar and Badakhshan,with the highest percentage of conversion occurring in Takhar.An MAP value of 〈400 mm is perceived by farmers as the current climatic limit to sustainable dryland agriculture across the northern regions of the country.Uder this MAP value,approximately 27,677 km2 of converted rangeland met the need for restoration priority.Climate projections indicate that Afghanistan will become warmer and drier in the coming decades.One consequence of this trend is that the MAP threshold of 〈400 mm to sustainable dryland agriculture will become obsolete in the coming decades.Restoration of currently converted rangelands is needed to restore critical grazing areas as is the adoption of prudent rang
文摘AIM: To summarize the clinical impact of a formal training for the effectiveness and safety of endoscopic submucosal dissection for gastrointestinal cancer.METHODS: We searched databases including PubM ed, EMBASE and the Cochrane Library and Science citation Index updated to August 2014 to include eligible articles. In the Meta-analysis, the main outcome measurements were en bloc resection rate, local recurrence rate(R0) and the incidence of procedure-related complications(perforation, bleeding). RESULTS: En bloc resection was high for both, dissecting stomach tumors with an overall percentage of 93.2%(95%CI: 90.5-95.8) and dissecting colorectal tumors with an overall percentage of 89.4%(95%CI: 85.1-93.7). Although the number of studies reporting R0 resection(the dissected specimen was revealed free of tumor in both vertical and lateral margins) was small, the overall estimates for R0 resection were 81.4%(95%CI: 72-90.8) for stomach and 85.9%(95%CI: 77.5-95.5) for colorectal tumors, respectively. The analysis showed that the percentage of immediate perforation and bleeding were very low; 4.96(95%CI: 3.6-6.3) and 1.4%(95%CI: 0.8-1.9) for colorectal tumors and 3.1%(95%CI: 2.0-4.1) and 4.8%(95%CI: 2.8-6.7) for stomach tumors, respectively. CONCLUSION: In order to obtain the same rate of success of the analyzed studies it is a necessity to create training centers in the western countries during the "several years" of gastroenterology residence first only to teach EGC diagnose and second only to train endoscopic submucosal dissection.
文摘Podocyte loss was well known in type 2 diabetic nephropathy patients. The objective of the present study was to determine the number of podocytes and the degree of albuminuria in diabetic KK-Ay/Ta (KK-Ay) mice which had been reported as diabetic nephropathy model. Diabetic KK-Ay mice, diabetic KK/Ta mice and non-diabetic BALB/cA Jcl (BALB/cA) mice were studied. We analyzed glomerular lesions in all mice by morphometric analysis and immunofluorescence to determine the number of podocytes. Level of urinary albumin was also measured. Glomerular enlargement and mesangial expansion were observed in KK-Ay mice. Mean number of podocytes per glomerulus (NG pod) in diabetic KK-Ay mice was significantly lower than that in non-diabetic BALB/cA mice. Mean NG pod/glomerular area (GA) per glomerulus was also significantly decreased in diabetic KK-Ay mice. The level of urinary albumin/creatinine ratio (ACR) in diabetic KK-Ay mice was significantly higher than that in non-diabetic BALB/cA mice. These data suggest that podocyte loss might induce albuminuria in KK-Ay mice. This finding confirmed our previous report that KK-Ay mice, especially in terms of histological findings, are a suitable animal model for glomerular injury in type 2 diabetic nephropathy.
文摘An appendiceal neurofibroma(ANF) is a rare neoplasm associated with neurofibromatosis type 1(NF-1),an inheritable neurocutaneous disorder that involves multiple systems including the intraabdominal organs.Appendiceal diverticulitis occasionally ruptures in the absence of intense abdominal pain,which can lead to serious consequences.Recent reports highlight the association between appendiceal diverticulum and appendiceal neoplasms; however,there is still little information on the association between appendiceal diverticulitis and ANF in NF-1.A 51-year-old Japanese male with NF-1 was referred to the division of surgery for mild right lower quadrant pain.It was suspected he had perforated acute appendicitis with periappendiceal abscess based on clinical manifestations and findings of computed tomography.An emergency appendectomy was conducted.The pathological examination revealed diffusely proliferated tumor cells of a neurofibroma,coexistent with multiple appendiceal diverticulums,leading to the diagnosis ofperforated appendiceal diverticulitis associated with ANF.Although he developed a remnant abscess,he recovered with the conservative treatments of antibiotics and drainage.This case suggests that appendiceal diverticulitis might be a complication of appendiceal involvement of NF-1,and that it occasionally ruptures in the absence of intense abdominal pain.Clinicians should recognize that NF-1 can cause various abdominal manifestations.
文摘In this paper, we report the design and moleculardocking study of analogues of antimycin A3 as inhibitors of anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 of breast cancer. Twenty designed compounds and the original antimycin A3 were docked based on their interaction with breast tumor receptor binding target Bcl-2. The docking resulted in the five top-ranked compounds, namely, compounds 11, 14, 15, 16, and 20, which have a lower G binding energy, better affinity and stronger hydrogen bonding interactions to the active site of Bcl-2 than antimycin A3. Among those five top-ranked compounds, analogue compounds 11 and 14, which have an 18-membered tetralactone core and 18-membered tetraol core, respectively, exhibited the strongest hydrogen bond interaction, formed high stability conformation, and demonstrated the greatest inhibitory activity on the catalytic site of Bcl-2.
基金supported in part by a grant of the collaborative studies for radiation disasters and medical science in the Fukushima Medical University(Fukushima,Japan)the internal fund of the Soma Central Hospital(Soma,Fukushima,Japan)the Medical Governance Research Institute(Minato-ward,Tokyo,Japan).
文摘Introduction SARS-CoV-2 vaccination is an effective means to prevent severe illness and death due to SARS-CoV-2 infection[1].Vaccine safety has been carefully monitored to be sure that the benefit outweighs the risk of adverse events(AEs).Common AEs of the BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine,for example,include fatigue(45%),headache(40%),and chills(28%)after the first administration in accordance with the adult phase Ⅲ clinical trial[1].
文摘Morphological structure and growth process of LbL nanostructured films from nickel tetrasulfonated phthalocyanine (NiTsPc) alternated with polyallylamine hydrochloride (PAH) were investigated. The experimental results of UV-visible adsorption kinetics (modeled by Johnson-Mehl-Avrami functions) and AFM images analyzes suggested that the surface morphology structure of films is formed by rod-shaped aggregates produced by a two-step growth process: nucleation and diffusion-limited growth.
