Every year,numerous environmental disasters and emergencies occur across the globe with far-reaching impacts on human health and the environment.The ability to rapidly assess an environmental emergency to mitigate pot...Every year,numerous environmental disasters and emergencies occur across the globe with far-reaching impacts on human health and the environment.The ability to rapidly assess an environmental emergency to mitigate potential risks and impacts is paramount.However,collating the necessary evidence in the early stages of an emergency to conduct a robust risk assessment is a major challenge.This article presents a methodology developed to help assess the risks and impacts during the early stages of such incidents,primarily to support the European Union Civil Protection Mechanism but also the wider global community in the response to environmental emergencies.An online rapid risk and impact assessment tool has also been developed to promote enhanced collaboration between experts who are working remotely,considering the impact of a disaster on the environment and public health in the short,medium,and long terms.The methodology developed can support the appropriate selection of experts and assets to be deployed to affected regions to ensure that potential public health and environmental risks and impacts are mitigated whenever possible.This methodology will aid defensible decision making,communication,planning,and risk management,and presents a harmonized understanding of the associated impacts of an environmental emergency.展开更多
Knee osteoarthritis is the most common joint disease.It causes pain and suffering for affected patients and is the source of major economic costs for healthcare systems.Despite ongoing research,there is a lack of know...Knee osteoarthritis is the most common joint disease.It causes pain and suffering for affected patients and is the source of major economic costs for healthcare systems.Despite ongoing research,there is a lack of knowledge regarding disease mechanisms,biomarkers,and possible cures.Current treatments do not fulfill patients’long-term needs,and it often requires invasive surgical procedures with subsequent long periods of rehabilitation.Researchers and companies worldwide are working to find a suitable cell source to engineer or regenerate a functional and healthy articular cartilage tissue to implant in the damaged area.Potential cell sources to accomplish this goal include embryonic stem cells,mesenchymal stem cells,or induced pluripotent stem cells.The differentiation of stem cells into different tissue types is complex,and a suitable concentration range of specific growth factors is vital.The cellular microenvironment during early embryonic development provides crucial information regarding concentrations of signaling molecules and morphogen gradients as these are essential inducers for tissue development.Thus,morphogen gradients implemented in developmental protocols aimed to engineer functional cartilage tissue can potentially generate cells comparable to those within native cartilage.In this review,we have summarized the problems with current treatments,potential cell sources for cell therapy,reviewed the progress of new treatments within the regenerative cartilage field,and highlighted the importance of cell quality,characterization assays,and chemically defined protocols.展开更多
基金The European Multiple Environmental Threats emergency NETwork(EMETNET)project was co-funded by the European Union.
文摘Every year,numerous environmental disasters and emergencies occur across the globe with far-reaching impacts on human health and the environment.The ability to rapidly assess an environmental emergency to mitigate potential risks and impacts is paramount.However,collating the necessary evidence in the early stages of an emergency to conduct a robust risk assessment is a major challenge.This article presents a methodology developed to help assess the risks and impacts during the early stages of such incidents,primarily to support the European Union Civil Protection Mechanism but also the wider global community in the response to environmental emergencies.An online rapid risk and impact assessment tool has also been developed to promote enhanced collaboration between experts who are working remotely,considering the impact of a disaster on the environment and public health in the short,medium,and long terms.The methodology developed can support the appropriate selection of experts and assets to be deployed to affected regions to ensure that potential public health and environmental risks and impacts are mitigated whenever possible.This methodology will aid defensible decision making,communication,planning,and risk management,and presents a harmonized understanding of the associated impacts of an environmental emergency.
基金Most funding by Cline Scientific AB and partly funded by the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under grant agreement RESTORE no 814558 and AUTOCRAT no 874671.
文摘Knee osteoarthritis is the most common joint disease.It causes pain and suffering for affected patients and is the source of major economic costs for healthcare systems.Despite ongoing research,there is a lack of knowledge regarding disease mechanisms,biomarkers,and possible cures.Current treatments do not fulfill patients’long-term needs,and it often requires invasive surgical procedures with subsequent long periods of rehabilitation.Researchers and companies worldwide are working to find a suitable cell source to engineer or regenerate a functional and healthy articular cartilage tissue to implant in the damaged area.Potential cell sources to accomplish this goal include embryonic stem cells,mesenchymal stem cells,or induced pluripotent stem cells.The differentiation of stem cells into different tissue types is complex,and a suitable concentration range of specific growth factors is vital.The cellular microenvironment during early embryonic development provides crucial information regarding concentrations of signaling molecules and morphogen gradients as these are essential inducers for tissue development.Thus,morphogen gradients implemented in developmental protocols aimed to engineer functional cartilage tissue can potentially generate cells comparable to those within native cartilage.In this review,we have summarized the problems with current treatments,potential cell sources for cell therapy,reviewed the progress of new treatments within the regenerative cartilage field,and highlighted the importance of cell quality,characterization assays,and chemically defined protocols.
