Monolayer and bilayer coatings of TiAlN, AlCrN, and AlCrN/TiAlN were deposited onto tungsten carbide inserts using the plasma enhanced physical vapor deposition process. The microstructures of the coatings were charac...Monolayer and bilayer coatings of TiAlN, AlCrN, and AlCrN/TiAlN were deposited onto tungsten carbide inserts using the plasma enhanced physical vapor deposition process. The microstructures of the coatings were characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The SEM micrographs revealed that the AlrN and AlCrN/TiAlN coatings were uniform and highly dense and contained only a limited number of microvoids. The TiAIN coating was non-uniform and highly porous and contained more micro droplets. The hardness and scratch resistance of the specimens were measured using a nanoindentation tester and scratch tester, respectively. Different phases formed in the coatings were analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD). The AlCrN/TiAlN coating exhibited a higher hardness (32.75 GPa), a higher Young's modulus (561.97 GPa), and superior scratch resistance (LcN = 46 N) compared to conventional coatings such as TiAlN, A1CrN, and TiN.展开更多
Recognizing irregular text in natural images is a challenging task in computer vision.The existing approaches still face difficulties in recognizing irre-gular text because of its diverse shapes.In this paper,we propos...Recognizing irregular text in natural images is a challenging task in computer vision.The existing approaches still face difficulties in recognizing irre-gular text because of its diverse shapes.In this paper,we propose a simple yet powerful irregular text recognition framework based on an encoder-decoder archi-tecture.The proposed framework is divided into four main modules.Firstly,in the image transformation module,a Thin Plate Spline(TPS)transformation is employed to transform the irregular text image into a readable text image.Sec-ondly,we propose a novel Spatial Attention Module(SAM)to compel the model to concentrate on text regions and obtain enriched feature maps.Thirdly,a deep bi-directional long short-term memory(Bi-LSTM)network is used to make a con-textual feature map out of a visual feature map generated from a Convolutional Neural Network(CNN).Finally,we propose a Dual Step Attention Mechanism(DSAM)integrated with the Connectionist Temporal Classification(CTC)-Attention decoder to re-weights visual features and focus on the intra-sequence relationships to generate a more accurate character sequence.The effectiveness of our proposed framework is verified through extensive experiments on various benchmarks datasets,such as SVT,ICDAR,CUTE80,and IIIT5k.The perfor-mance of the proposed text recognition framework is analyzed with the accuracy metric.Demonstrate that our proposed method outperforms the existing approaches on both regular and irregular text.Additionally,the robustness of our approach is evaluated using the grocery datasets,such as GroZi-120,Web-Market,SKU-110K,and Freiburg Groceries datasets that contain complex text images.Still,our framework produces superior performance on grocery datasets.展开更多
Objective:To investigate the effect of aqueous solution of Biophytum sensUiuum leaf extract(BSEt)on normal and strcptozotocin(STZ)-nicotinamide-induced diabetic rats.Methods:Diabetes was induced in adult male Wislar r...Objective:To investigate the effect of aqueous solution of Biophytum sensUiuum leaf extract(BSEt)on normal and strcptozotocin(STZ)-nicotinamide-induced diabetic rats.Methods:Diabetes was induced in adult male Wislar rata by the administration of STZ-nicotinamide(40,110 mg/kg b.w.,respectively)intraperitoneally.BSEt(200 mg/kg)was administered to diabetic rats for 28 days.The effect of extract on blood glucose,plasma insulin,total haemoglobin,glycosylated haemoglobin,liver glycogen and carbohydrate melatxilism regulating enzymes of liver was studied in diabetic rats.Results:BSEt significantly reduced the blood glucose and glycosylated haemoglobin levels and significantly increased the total haemoglobin,plasma insulin and liver glycogen levels in diabetic rats.It also increased the hexokinase activity and decreased glucose-6-phosphatase,fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase activities in diabetic rats.Conclusions:The results of our study suggest that BSEt possesses a promising effecl on STZ-nicotinamide-induced diabetes.展开更多
Object detection plays a vital role in the video surveillance systems.To enhance security,surveillance cameras are now installed in public areas such as traffic signals,roadways,retail malls,train stations,and banks.Ho...Object detection plays a vital role in the video surveillance systems.To enhance security,surveillance cameras are now installed in public areas such as traffic signals,roadways,retail malls,train stations,and banks.However,monitor-ing the video continually at a quicker pace is a challenging job.As a consequence,security cameras are useless and need human monitoring.The primary difficulty with video surveillance is identifying abnormalities such as thefts,accidents,crimes,or other unlawful actions.The anomalous action does not occur at a high-er rate than usual occurrences.To detect the object in a video,first we analyze the images pixel by pixel.In digital image processing,segmentation is the process of segregating the individual image parts into pixels.The performance of segmenta-tion is affected by irregular illumination and/or low illumination.These factors highly affect the real-time object detection process in the video surveillance sys-tem.In this paper,a modified ResNet model(M-Resnet)is proposed to enhance the image which is affected by insufficient light.Experimental results provide the comparison of existing method output and modification architecture of the ResNet model shows the considerable amount improvement in detection objects in the video stream.The proposed model shows better results in the metrics like preci-sion,recall,pixel accuracy,etc.,andfinds a reasonable improvement in the object detection.展开更多
The results of an investigation carried out during June 2005 to May 2007 on physico-chemical parameters,species composition and community structure of phytoplankton including Chlorophyll a(Chl-a) at the Coleroon coa...The results of an investigation carried out during June 2005 to May 2007 on physico-chemical parameters,species composition and community structure of phytoplankton including Chlorophyll a(Chl-a) at the Coleroon coastal waters(Southeast coast of India) are reported.Air and surface water temperatures(℃) varied from 25.1 to 30.1 and from 24.5 to 28.5 respectively.Salinity values varied from 6 to 28.5 and the pH ranged between 7.0 and 8.3.Variation in dissolved oxygen content was from 3.1 to 7.5 mg/dm^3 while the light extinction coefficient values(LEC) ranged between 3.1 and 10.1 cm.The ranges of inorganic nutrients(μmol/dm^3) viz.,nitrate,nitrite,phosphate and silicate were 10.1-23.4,1.2-8.9,0.2-3.1 and 55-125,respectively.The ranges of Chlorophyll a(μg/dm-3) values was 2.0-7.5.Presently,124 phytoplankton species representing different classes viz:Bacillariophyceae(77),Dinophyceae(19),Cyanophyceae(15),Chlorophyceae(10) and Chrysophyceae(3) were recorded.The phytoplankton cell abundance varied from 0.290 to 111.662 cells/cm-3,with peak diversity(3.38 bits/ind.) during summer season.The maximum abundance was found during summer season coinciding with the stable hydrographical conditions.The seasonal distribution and abundance of phytoplankton are discussed in relation to hydrographical parameters.Canonical Correspondence Analysis(CCA) was applied in this paper for discriminating environmental factors having effect on phytoplankton community at species level.Coleroon coastal water is subjected to long term fluctuations in physico-chemical parameters depending upon the seasonal tidal amplitude and freshwater influx resulting in a continuous exchange of organic,inorganic,plant and animal matters.展开更多
Diagnosing the cardiovascular disease is one of the biggest medical difficulties in recent years.Coronary cardiovascular(CHD)is a kind of heart and blood vascular disease.Predicting this sort of cardiac illness leads ...Diagnosing the cardiovascular disease is one of the biggest medical difficulties in recent years.Coronary cardiovascular(CHD)is a kind of heart and blood vascular disease.Predicting this sort of cardiac illness leads to more precise decisions for cardiac disorders.Implementing Grid Search Optimization(GSO)machine training models is therefore a useful way to forecast the sickness as soon as possible.The state-of-the-art work is the tuning of the hyperparameter together with the selection of the feature by utilizing the model search to minimize the false-negative rate.Three models with a cross-validation approach do the required task.Feature Selection based on the use of statistical and correlation matrices for multivariate analysis.For Random Search and Grid Search models,extensive comparison findings are produced utilizing retrieval,F1 score,and precision measurements.The models are evaluated using the metrics and kappa statistics that illustrate the three models’comparability.The study effort focuses on optimizing function selection,tweaking hyperparameters to improve model accuracy and the prediction of heart disease by examining Framingham datasets using random forestry classification.Tuning the hyperparameter in the model of grid search thus decreases the erroneous rate achieves global optimization.展开更多
Intraparietal Hernias are hernias occurring in the anterior abdominal wall at different anatomical planes. An interparietal hernia has a hernial sac that passes between the layers of the anterior abdominal wall. Appen...Intraparietal Hernias are hernias occurring in the anterior abdominal wall at different anatomical planes. An interparietal hernia has a hernial sac that passes between the layers of the anterior abdominal wall. Appendectomy is a very common surgical procedure, and post appendectomy incisional hernia is a very rare complication. Here we present a case of a 24-year-old male with swelling in the right hypochondrium and lumbar region with an open appendectomy scar. He was diagnosed to have an interparietal hernia in the anterior abdominal wall. After obtaining consent patient was taken up for surgery. At surgery, the patient was found to have a defect in the transverse abdominis muscle with a medial leaf far from the incision site. Open repair of the defect along with double breasting of external oblique done. Interparietal hernias are rare in post appendectomy scar and this case is of significance since it Highlights a rare interstitial type incisional hernia, as a complication of post appendectomy scar, and not many cases reports are mentioned in literature.展开更多
The global energy system needs a revolutionary transition from today’s fossil fuel to a low carbon energy system by having deep carbonization in all energy demand sectors.Especially in the transport sector,fossil fue...The global energy system needs a revolutionary transition from today’s fossil fuel to a low carbon energy system by having deep carbonization in all energy demand sectors.Especially in the transport sector,fossil fuel-based vehicles contribute to a more massive amount of greenhouse gas emissions(GHG),mainly carbon dioxide(CO_(2))and particulate matter(PM2.5),affecting human health,society,and the climate system.Hydrogen and fuel cell technology is a promising low carbon transition pathway that supports GHG mitigation and achieves sustainable development.Although hydrogen and fuel cells are assuring,fuel cell vehicle expensiveness and the high cost of hydrogen production with the low carbon footprint are significant hindrances for its widespread deployment.Besides the situation above,the present corona virus(COVID-19)has devastated our global economy and ramps down the future of fossil fuel.It provides opportunities to rethink and reshape our energy system to a low carbon footprint.By utilizing the situation,governments and policymakers need to eliminate fossil fuel and invest in the hydrogen and fuel cell technologies deployment as future energy systems.This review article provides a technical overview of a low carbon energy system,production,and end-use service in a hydrogen economy perspective for developing a sustainable energy future.The techno-economic analysis of the different hydrogen production routines and fuel cell vehicles and their infrastructures are primarily focused.Finally,a long-term policy alignment was outlined to advance the hydrogen energy system for post-COVID-19 in the United Nation’s(UN)sustainable development goals framework.展开更多
Climbing robots are being developed for various applications.The confined space requires a compact locomotion system with vertical and overhead climbing ability.To achieve surface transition,Steering geometry Interact...Climbing robots are being developed for various applications.The confined space requires a compact locomotion system with vertical and overhead climbing ability.To achieve surface transition,Steering geometry Interaction system and static force are used.WSNs ubiquitous infrastructure and excellent coverage,they can be used for providing location information for various location-based services,especially in indoor environments.This structure is designed for a magnetic wall-climbing robot to gradually decrease the magnetic force when it is transiting between perpendicular magnetic surfaces.This paper describes the design process of a magnetic wall climbing robot,which adopts SgI and has the potential to carry materials in a confined space with an energy efficient system model.To resolve the problem of target tracking,it is essential to deploy a system model.Over the last two decades,several researchers have recommended many remote user authentication schemes.Researchers are continuously trying to enhance the security in material handling automation system by introducing several features into their work.A working prototype has been built based on the optimized dimension.展开更多
The research work presents,constrained network coding technique to ensure the successful data transmission based composite channel cmos technology using dielectric properties.The charge fragmentation and charge splitt...The research work presents,constrained network coding technique to ensure the successful data transmission based composite channel cmos technology using dielectric properties.The charge fragmentation and charge splitting are two components of the filtered switch domino(FSD)technique.Further behavior of selected switching is achieved using generator called conditional pulse generator which is employed in Multi Dynamic Node Domino(MDND)technique.Both FSD and MDND technique need wide area compared to existing single nodekeeper domino technique.The aim of this research is to minimize dissipation of power and to achieve less consumption of power.The proposed research,works by introducing the method namely Interference and throughput aware Optimized Multicast Routing Protocol(IT-OMRP).The main goal of this proposed research method is to introduce the system which can forward the data packets towards the destination securely and successfully.To achieve the bandwidth and throughput in optimized data transmission,proposed multicast tree is selected by Particle Swarm Optimization which will select the most optimal host node as the branches of multi cast tree.Here node selection is done by considering the objectives residual energy,residual bandwidth and throughput.After node selection multi cast routing is done with the concern of interference to ensure the reliable and successful data transmission.In case of transmission range size is higher than the coverage sense range,successful routing is ensured by selecting secondary host forwarders as a backup which will act as intermediate relay forwarders.The NS2 simulator is used to evaluate research outcome from which it is proved that the proposed technique tends to have increased packet delivery ratio than the existing work.展开更多
The present study evaluated the nutritional and total phenolic contents of leaves and fruit of Breynia retusa to study the inhibitory potentials against free radicals,-amylase and-glucosidase enzymes.Proximate composi...The present study evaluated the nutritional and total phenolic contents of leaves and fruit of Breynia retusa to study the inhibitory potentials against free radicals,-amylase and-glucosidase enzymes.Proximate composition and anti-nutrient content were investigated in the powdered samples of leaf and fruit.Total phenolic,flavonoid,vitamin C and E contents were measured by spectrophotometric methods.Antioxidant activity was estimated by employing various in vitro assays.The-amylase and-glucosidase inhibitors were studied to determine the anti-diabetic potential of B.retusa.Nutritional composition of fruit showed higher starch,total proteins,total free amino acids and mineral contents as compared to leaves.Anti-nutrient contents of fruit and leaves exhibited a minimum amount of trypsin inhibiting activity and tannin contents.Further,higher contents of total phenolics and vitamin E were found in leaf methanol extracts.The leaf extract also showed higher antioxidant activity in DPPH•,FRAP,metal ion chelating and lipid peroxidation inhibition assays.B.retusa leaf and fruit methanol extracts inhibited-amylase and-glucosidase enzymes.In conclusion,nutritional composition,antioxidant and anti-diabetic activities of B.retusa are suitable and promising for the development as a safe food product or natural additive.展开更多
The microstructure and mechanical properties of aluminium alloy (AA 5083) processed through Repetitive Corrugation and Straightening (RCS) was studied. The RCS process consists of corrugating a flat specimen with a pa...The microstructure and mechanical properties of aluminium alloy (AA 5083) processed through Repetitive Corrugation and Straightening (RCS) was studied. The RCS process consists of corrugating a flat specimen with a pair of systematically grooved dies and straightening was done with two parallel flat dies. The aluminium samples were subjected to RCS process using two different die: Die I-semi grooved die with breath = height = 5 mm and θ = 30。 and Die II-semicircular profile with radius = 10 mm. The specimens were subjected to maximum 8 passes for die I but the other one went upto 14 pass. The grain refinement was studied from the microstructure examination using TEM. The mechanical properties such as tensile strength, hardness and the grain size were compared. The tensile strength and hardness were found increasing with respect to the number of passes. The tensile strength increased 25% in the sixth pass when compared to the parent material. But the strength and hardness values were reduced at 8th pass due to the surface cracks. The TEM studies showed that the Die-I is superior to Die-II in terms of grain refinement.展开更多
The electrodeposition of aluminum(Al)was studied using two electrolyte solutions,such as anhydrous AlCl3-urea and hydrated AlCl3·6 H2 O-urea.A systematic examination using cell voltages 1.0–2.0 V was carried out...The electrodeposition of aluminum(Al)was studied using two electrolyte solutions,such as anhydrous AlCl3-urea and hydrated AlCl3·6 H2 O-urea.A systematic examination using cell voltages 1.0–2.0 V was carried out at temperatures((50–100)±2)°C.A needle-shaped cathode was employed for the deposition of aluminum.A dendrite and particulate microstructure of Al were observed on the needle-shaped cathode.An improved condition for the manufacturing of small sizes and high purity of aluminum deposits was obtained.Pure Al with a current efficiency(yield)of 84%–99%was obtained from those of non-aqueous electrolytes and only of 8.6%–9.3%from those of hydrated electrolytes.The electrical conductivities of electrolytes remained considerable at((50–100)±2)°C.The improved aluminum powders were used for the reaction with water.The aluminum reacts with water at room temperature,producing pure H2 with 100%yield.The electrodeposited aluminum metal can be used as an excellent energy carrier.展开更多
Conventional stir casting process has been employed for producing discontinuous particle reinforced metal matrix composites for decades. The major problem of this process is to obtain sufficient wetting of particle by...Conventional stir casting process has been employed for producing discontinuous particle reinforced metal matrix composites for decades. The major problem of this process is to obtain sufficient wetting of particle by liquid metal and to get a homogenous dispersion of the ceramic particles. In the present study, aluminium metal matrix composites were fabricated by different processing temperatures with different holding time to understand the influence of process parameters on the distribution of particle in the matrix and the resultant mechanical properties. The distribution is examined by microstructure analysis, hardness distribution and density distribution.展开更多
Oxidative stress arises from an imbalance between the body’s pro-oxidants and antioxidants.Recently,oxidative stress has been proven a contributing factor to many female reproductive disorders including infertility,p...Oxidative stress arises from an imbalance between the body’s pro-oxidants and antioxidants.Recently,oxidative stress has been proven a contributing factor to many female reproductive disorders including infertility,preeclampsia,endometriosis and polycystic ovarian syndrome.Herein,we review the mechanistic role of oxidative stress in inducing the most common female reproductive disorders.The current review has also highlighted the protective role of vitamin C,necessary for certain female reproductive hormone secretion by the antral follicle and corpus luteum and also essential for collagen production in ovarian tissue remodeling after ovulation,in alleviating oxidative stress and thus improving female reproductive outcomes.展开更多
The results of an investigation carried out during June 2005 to May 2007 on bloom-forming phytoplankton species composition and abundance in the Parangipettai and Coleroon coastal waters (Southeast coast of India) a...The results of an investigation carried out during June 2005 to May 2007 on bloom-forming phytoplankton species composition and abundance in the Parangipettai and Coleroon coastal waters (Southeast coast of India) are reported. Air and surface water temperatures (℃) varied from 25.1 to 30.1 and 24.5 to 28.5, respectively, in the former waters and from 25.5 to 31.2 and 25.0 to 29.3 in the latter waters. The respective salinities varied from 6.0 to 28.5 and 5.0 to 33.1 and the respective pH ranged between 7.0 and 8.3 and 7.2 and 8.3. Correspondingly, the dissolved oxygen content varied from 3.1 to 7.5 and 3.1 to 7.9 mgL1 while the light extinction coefficient (LEC) values ranged between 3.1 and 10.1 and 1.8 and 11.0. The content ranges of inorganic nutrients, i.e., nitrate, nitrite, phosphate and silicate (μmolL^-1), in the Parangipettai and Coleroon coastal waters were: 6.5- 27.0; 1.0- 8.9; 0.1-3.0 and 15.0 -140 and 10.1-23.4; 1.2-8.9; 0.2-3.1 and 55-125 respectively. The chlorophyll α contents in both waters ranged from 2.0-7.5 μgL^-1. Presently, 124 phytoplankton species representing different classes were recorded in the Coleroon coast, viz, Bacillariophyceae (77); Dinophyceae (19); Cyanophyceae (15); Chlorophyceae (10) and Chrysophyceae (3), whereas 117 phytoplankton species were recorded in the Parangipettai coast, viz, Bacillariophyceae (66); Dinophyceae (22); Cyanophyceae (19); Chlorophyceae (7) and Chrysophyceae (3). The phytoplankton cell abundance in the Parangipettai and Coleroon coastal waters varied from 290 to 111662 and 140 to 132 757 cells L^-1, respectively, with peak diversity (3.38 and 3.52 bits indl.) recorded in summer. The maximum abundance occurred in summer coinciding with the stable hydrographical conditions. The seasonal distribution and abundance of phytoplankton are discussed in relation to hydrographical parameters. Totally 31 and 24 species of phytoplankton were found to be bloom-forming in the Parangipettai and Colero展开更多
The influence of processing temperature on grain size reduction in AA 6063 aluminum alloy subjected to repetitive corrugation and straightening (RCS) is investigated in this work. The aluminum alloy was processed by R...The influence of processing temperature on grain size reduction in AA 6063 aluminum alloy subjected to repetitive corrugation and straightening (RCS) is investigated in this work. The aluminum alloy was processed by RCS at different temperatures (room temperature, 100 ℃, 200 ℃ and 300 ℃) till the maximum number of passes possible before failure and the mechanical properties such as tensile strength and hardness were measured. The grain size and their misorientation of grains of the processed samples were analyzed using the electron backscattered diffraction. The results indicated that the transformation of low-angle grain boundaries to high-angle grain boundaries and dislocation tangles were highly dependent on the strain imparted, which could be controlled by selecting the proper processing temperature. As a result, the mechanical properties are affected. In particular, the room temperature tensile strength and hardness values of the processed material decrease with increasing processing temperature.展开更多
Introduction: Neurogenic tumors include schwannomas and neurofibro-mas. They occur often in the head and neck. However, their occurrence on the vagus is uncommon. A high index of suspicion is needed to order imaging i...Introduction: Neurogenic tumors include schwannomas and neurofibro-mas. They occur often in the head and neck. However, their occurrence on the vagus is uncommon. A high index of suspicion is needed to order imaging in pelvic lesions that present atypically. Discussion: Schwannomas are hypointense on T1 and heterogeneously hyperintense on T2 on MRI. The histopathological appearance with Antoni type A and type B is typical of Schwannoma. Conclusion: Schwannomas are slow growing benign tumors that are separable from the parent nerve. Recurrence is uncommon after resection.展开更多
Background: Deep seated cutaneous fungal infection is a rare entity in surgical practice and is very often under diagnosed. Due to the atypical presentation and slow but aggressive progression of the disease, the asso...Background: Deep seated cutaneous fungal infection is a rare entity in surgical practice and is very often under diagnosed. Due to the atypical presentation and slow but aggressive progression of the disease, the associated mortality is high. Aim: The aim of this article to update clinicians about the peculiar presentation of mucormycosis caused by Apophysomyces elegans. Case Presentation: A 50 year old gentleman with a painful swelling and fever was admitted into our care. He had history of trivial trauma and no medical comorbid. His initial labs came back relatively unremarkable. He did not respond to an empirical antibacterial regimen and progressively worsened. The region was debrided and found to have granular secretions with sloughed tissue. On opening the dressing post operatively, a fungal mould was found. Fungal etiology was suspected and KOH mount confirmed the diagnosis. He was started on empirical IV antifungals, and local therapy while awaiting culture and sensitivity reports. However, he progressively deteriorated and succumbed to the disease eventually. Conclusion: Here we describe a deep seated cutaneous fungal infection in an immunocompetent patient and the challenges we faced during the course of his management. Fungal etiology is generally encountered in immunocompromised hosts. Deep seated cutaneous fungal infections with poor response to antifungal therapy and systemic sepsis led to this patients’ demise. This being the case, the onus is on the clinicians to diagnose a fungal etiology early and start appropriate anti fungal measures.展开更多
文摘Monolayer and bilayer coatings of TiAlN, AlCrN, and AlCrN/TiAlN were deposited onto tungsten carbide inserts using the plasma enhanced physical vapor deposition process. The microstructures of the coatings were characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The SEM micrographs revealed that the AlrN and AlCrN/TiAlN coatings were uniform and highly dense and contained only a limited number of microvoids. The TiAIN coating was non-uniform and highly porous and contained more micro droplets. The hardness and scratch resistance of the specimens were measured using a nanoindentation tester and scratch tester, respectively. Different phases formed in the coatings were analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD). The AlCrN/TiAlN coating exhibited a higher hardness (32.75 GPa), a higher Young's modulus (561.97 GPa), and superior scratch resistance (LcN = 46 N) compared to conventional coatings such as TiAlN, A1CrN, and TiN.
文摘Recognizing irregular text in natural images is a challenging task in computer vision.The existing approaches still face difficulties in recognizing irre-gular text because of its diverse shapes.In this paper,we propose a simple yet powerful irregular text recognition framework based on an encoder-decoder archi-tecture.The proposed framework is divided into four main modules.Firstly,in the image transformation module,a Thin Plate Spline(TPS)transformation is employed to transform the irregular text image into a readable text image.Sec-ondly,we propose a novel Spatial Attention Module(SAM)to compel the model to concentrate on text regions and obtain enriched feature maps.Thirdly,a deep bi-directional long short-term memory(Bi-LSTM)network is used to make a con-textual feature map out of a visual feature map generated from a Convolutional Neural Network(CNN).Finally,we propose a Dual Step Attention Mechanism(DSAM)integrated with the Connectionist Temporal Classification(CTC)-Attention decoder to re-weights visual features and focus on the intra-sequence relationships to generate a more accurate character sequence.The effectiveness of our proposed framework is verified through extensive experiments on various benchmarks datasets,such as SVT,ICDAR,CUTE80,and IIIT5k.The perfor-mance of the proposed text recognition framework is analyzed with the accuracy metric.Demonstrate that our proposed method outperforms the existing approaches on both regular and irregular text.Additionally,the robustness of our approach is evaluated using the grocery datasets,such as GroZi-120,Web-Market,SKU-110K,and Freiburg Groceries datasets that contain complex text images.Still,our framework produces superior performance on grocery datasets.
文摘Objective:To investigate the effect of aqueous solution of Biophytum sensUiuum leaf extract(BSEt)on normal and strcptozotocin(STZ)-nicotinamide-induced diabetic rats.Methods:Diabetes was induced in adult male Wislar rata by the administration of STZ-nicotinamide(40,110 mg/kg b.w.,respectively)intraperitoneally.BSEt(200 mg/kg)was administered to diabetic rats for 28 days.The effect of extract on blood glucose,plasma insulin,total haemoglobin,glycosylated haemoglobin,liver glycogen and carbohydrate melatxilism regulating enzymes of liver was studied in diabetic rats.Results:BSEt significantly reduced the blood glucose and glycosylated haemoglobin levels and significantly increased the total haemoglobin,plasma insulin and liver glycogen levels in diabetic rats.It also increased the hexokinase activity and decreased glucose-6-phosphatase,fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase activities in diabetic rats.Conclusions:The results of our study suggest that BSEt possesses a promising effecl on STZ-nicotinamide-induced diabetes.
文摘Object detection plays a vital role in the video surveillance systems.To enhance security,surveillance cameras are now installed in public areas such as traffic signals,roadways,retail malls,train stations,and banks.However,monitor-ing the video continually at a quicker pace is a challenging job.As a consequence,security cameras are useless and need human monitoring.The primary difficulty with video surveillance is identifying abnormalities such as thefts,accidents,crimes,or other unlawful actions.The anomalous action does not occur at a high-er rate than usual occurrences.To detect the object in a video,first we analyze the images pixel by pixel.In digital image processing,segmentation is the process of segregating the individual image parts into pixels.The performance of segmenta-tion is affected by irregular illumination and/or low illumination.These factors highly affect the real-time object detection process in the video surveillance sys-tem.In this paper,a modified ResNet model(M-Resnet)is proposed to enhance the image which is affected by insufficient light.Experimental results provide the comparison of existing method output and modification architecture of the ResNet model shows the considerable amount improvement in detection objects in the video stream.The proposed model shows better results in the metrics like preci-sion,recall,pixel accuracy,etc.,andfinds a reasonable improvement in the object detection.
基金The Knowledge Innovation Project of the Chinese Academy of sciences under contract Nos KZCX2-YW-QN-205 and KZCX2-YW-213-2 to Sun Junsupported by Chinese Academy of Sciences Research Fellowship for International Young Researchers to M R
文摘The results of an investigation carried out during June 2005 to May 2007 on physico-chemical parameters,species composition and community structure of phytoplankton including Chlorophyll a(Chl-a) at the Coleroon coastal waters(Southeast coast of India) are reported.Air and surface water temperatures(℃) varied from 25.1 to 30.1 and from 24.5 to 28.5 respectively.Salinity values varied from 6 to 28.5 and the pH ranged between 7.0 and 8.3.Variation in dissolved oxygen content was from 3.1 to 7.5 mg/dm^3 while the light extinction coefficient values(LEC) ranged between 3.1 and 10.1 cm.The ranges of inorganic nutrients(μmol/dm^3) viz.,nitrate,nitrite,phosphate and silicate were 10.1-23.4,1.2-8.9,0.2-3.1 and 55-125,respectively.The ranges of Chlorophyll a(μg/dm-3) values was 2.0-7.5.Presently,124 phytoplankton species representing different classes viz:Bacillariophyceae(77),Dinophyceae(19),Cyanophyceae(15),Chlorophyceae(10) and Chrysophyceae(3) were recorded.The phytoplankton cell abundance varied from 0.290 to 111.662 cells/cm-3,with peak diversity(3.38 bits/ind.) during summer season.The maximum abundance was found during summer season coinciding with the stable hydrographical conditions.The seasonal distribution and abundance of phytoplankton are discussed in relation to hydrographical parameters.Canonical Correspondence Analysis(CCA) was applied in this paper for discriminating environmental factors having effect on phytoplankton community at species level.Coleroon coastal water is subjected to long term fluctuations in physico-chemical parameters depending upon the seasonal tidal amplitude and freshwater influx resulting in a continuous exchange of organic,inorganic,plant and animal matters.
文摘Diagnosing the cardiovascular disease is one of the biggest medical difficulties in recent years.Coronary cardiovascular(CHD)is a kind of heart and blood vascular disease.Predicting this sort of cardiac illness leads to more precise decisions for cardiac disorders.Implementing Grid Search Optimization(GSO)machine training models is therefore a useful way to forecast the sickness as soon as possible.The state-of-the-art work is the tuning of the hyperparameter together with the selection of the feature by utilizing the model search to minimize the false-negative rate.Three models with a cross-validation approach do the required task.Feature Selection based on the use of statistical and correlation matrices for multivariate analysis.For Random Search and Grid Search models,extensive comparison findings are produced utilizing retrieval,F1 score,and precision measurements.The models are evaluated using the metrics and kappa statistics that illustrate the three models’comparability.The study effort focuses on optimizing function selection,tweaking hyperparameters to improve model accuracy and the prediction of heart disease by examining Framingham datasets using random forestry classification.Tuning the hyperparameter in the model of grid search thus decreases the erroneous rate achieves global optimization.
文摘Intraparietal Hernias are hernias occurring in the anterior abdominal wall at different anatomical planes. An interparietal hernia has a hernial sac that passes between the layers of the anterior abdominal wall. Appendectomy is a very common surgical procedure, and post appendectomy incisional hernia is a very rare complication. Here we present a case of a 24-year-old male with swelling in the right hypochondrium and lumbar region with an open appendectomy scar. He was diagnosed to have an interparietal hernia in the anterior abdominal wall. After obtaining consent patient was taken up for surgery. At surgery, the patient was found to have a defect in the transverse abdominis muscle with a medial leaf far from the incision site. Open repair of the defect along with double breasting of external oblique done. Interparietal hernias are rare in post appendectomy scar and this case is of significance since it Highlights a rare interstitial type incisional hernia, as a complication of post appendectomy scar, and not many cases reports are mentioned in literature.
基金the financial support from the Beijing Forbidden City scholarship(2018420021)。
文摘The global energy system needs a revolutionary transition from today’s fossil fuel to a low carbon energy system by having deep carbonization in all energy demand sectors.Especially in the transport sector,fossil fuel-based vehicles contribute to a more massive amount of greenhouse gas emissions(GHG),mainly carbon dioxide(CO_(2))and particulate matter(PM2.5),affecting human health,society,and the climate system.Hydrogen and fuel cell technology is a promising low carbon transition pathway that supports GHG mitigation and achieves sustainable development.Although hydrogen and fuel cells are assuring,fuel cell vehicle expensiveness and the high cost of hydrogen production with the low carbon footprint are significant hindrances for its widespread deployment.Besides the situation above,the present corona virus(COVID-19)has devastated our global economy and ramps down the future of fossil fuel.It provides opportunities to rethink and reshape our energy system to a low carbon footprint.By utilizing the situation,governments and policymakers need to eliminate fossil fuel and invest in the hydrogen and fuel cell technologies deployment as future energy systems.This review article provides a technical overview of a low carbon energy system,production,and end-use service in a hydrogen economy perspective for developing a sustainable energy future.The techno-economic analysis of the different hydrogen production routines and fuel cell vehicles and their infrastructures are primarily focused.Finally,a long-term policy alignment was outlined to advance the hydrogen energy system for post-COVID-19 in the United Nation’s(UN)sustainable development goals framework.
文摘Climbing robots are being developed for various applications.The confined space requires a compact locomotion system with vertical and overhead climbing ability.To achieve surface transition,Steering geometry Interaction system and static force are used.WSNs ubiquitous infrastructure and excellent coverage,they can be used for providing location information for various location-based services,especially in indoor environments.This structure is designed for a magnetic wall-climbing robot to gradually decrease the magnetic force when it is transiting between perpendicular magnetic surfaces.This paper describes the design process of a magnetic wall climbing robot,which adopts SgI and has the potential to carry materials in a confined space with an energy efficient system model.To resolve the problem of target tracking,it is essential to deploy a system model.Over the last two decades,several researchers have recommended many remote user authentication schemes.Researchers are continuously trying to enhance the security in material handling automation system by introducing several features into their work.A working prototype has been built based on the optimized dimension.
文摘The research work presents,constrained network coding technique to ensure the successful data transmission based composite channel cmos technology using dielectric properties.The charge fragmentation and charge splitting are two components of the filtered switch domino(FSD)technique.Further behavior of selected switching is achieved using generator called conditional pulse generator which is employed in Multi Dynamic Node Domino(MDND)technique.Both FSD and MDND technique need wide area compared to existing single nodekeeper domino technique.The aim of this research is to minimize dissipation of power and to achieve less consumption of power.The proposed research,works by introducing the method namely Interference and throughput aware Optimized Multicast Routing Protocol(IT-OMRP).The main goal of this proposed research method is to introduce the system which can forward the data packets towards the destination securely and successfully.To achieve the bandwidth and throughput in optimized data transmission,proposed multicast tree is selected by Particle Swarm Optimization which will select the most optimal host node as the branches of multi cast tree.Here node selection is done by considering the objectives residual energy,residual bandwidth and throughput.After node selection multi cast routing is done with the concern of interference to ensure the reliable and successful data transmission.In case of transmission range size is higher than the coverage sense range,successful routing is ensured by selecting secondary host forwarders as a backup which will act as intermediate relay forwarders.The NS2 simulator is used to evaluate research outcome from which it is proved that the proposed technique tends to have increased packet delivery ratio than the existing work.
文摘The present study evaluated the nutritional and total phenolic contents of leaves and fruit of Breynia retusa to study the inhibitory potentials against free radicals,-amylase and-glucosidase enzymes.Proximate composition and anti-nutrient content were investigated in the powdered samples of leaf and fruit.Total phenolic,flavonoid,vitamin C and E contents were measured by spectrophotometric methods.Antioxidant activity was estimated by employing various in vitro assays.The-amylase and-glucosidase inhibitors were studied to determine the anti-diabetic potential of B.retusa.Nutritional composition of fruit showed higher starch,total proteins,total free amino acids and mineral contents as compared to leaves.Anti-nutrient contents of fruit and leaves exhibited a minimum amount of trypsin inhibiting activity and tannin contents.Further,higher contents of total phenolics and vitamin E were found in leaf methanol extracts.The leaf extract also showed higher antioxidant activity in DPPH•,FRAP,metal ion chelating and lipid peroxidation inhibition assays.B.retusa leaf and fruit methanol extracts inhibited-amylase and-glucosidase enzymes.In conclusion,nutritional composition,antioxidant and anti-diabetic activities of B.retusa are suitable and promising for the development as a safe food product or natural additive.
文摘The microstructure and mechanical properties of aluminium alloy (AA 5083) processed through Repetitive Corrugation and Straightening (RCS) was studied. The RCS process consists of corrugating a flat specimen with a pair of systematically grooved dies and straightening was done with two parallel flat dies. The aluminium samples were subjected to RCS process using two different die: Die I-semi grooved die with breath = height = 5 mm and θ = 30。 and Die II-semicircular profile with radius = 10 mm. The specimens were subjected to maximum 8 passes for die I but the other one went upto 14 pass. The grain refinement was studied from the microstructure examination using TEM. The mechanical properties such as tensile strength, hardness and the grain size were compared. The tensile strength and hardness were found increasing with respect to the number of passes. The tensile strength increased 25% in the sixth pass when compared to the parent material. But the strength and hardness values were reduced at 8th pass due to the surface cracks. The TEM studies showed that the Die-I is superior to Die-II in terms of grain refinement.
基金the financial support from Ministry of Science and Technology,Taiwan,China Grant number:MOST 106-2113-M-033-008。
文摘The electrodeposition of aluminum(Al)was studied using two electrolyte solutions,such as anhydrous AlCl3-urea and hydrated AlCl3·6 H2 O-urea.A systematic examination using cell voltages 1.0–2.0 V was carried out at temperatures((50–100)±2)°C.A needle-shaped cathode was employed for the deposition of aluminum.A dendrite and particulate microstructure of Al were observed on the needle-shaped cathode.An improved condition for the manufacturing of small sizes and high purity of aluminum deposits was obtained.Pure Al with a current efficiency(yield)of 84%–99%was obtained from those of non-aqueous electrolytes and only of 8.6%–9.3%from those of hydrated electrolytes.The electrical conductivities of electrolytes remained considerable at((50–100)±2)°C.The improved aluminum powders were used for the reaction with water.The aluminum reacts with water at room temperature,producing pure H2 with 100%yield.The electrodeposited aluminum metal can be used as an excellent energy carrier.
文摘Conventional stir casting process has been employed for producing discontinuous particle reinforced metal matrix composites for decades. The major problem of this process is to obtain sufficient wetting of particle by liquid metal and to get a homogenous dispersion of the ceramic particles. In the present study, aluminium metal matrix composites were fabricated by different processing temperatures with different holding time to understand the influence of process parameters on the distribution of particle in the matrix and the resultant mechanical properties. The distribution is examined by microstructure analysis, hardness distribution and density distribution.
文摘Oxidative stress arises from an imbalance between the body’s pro-oxidants and antioxidants.Recently,oxidative stress has been proven a contributing factor to many female reproductive disorders including infertility,preeclampsia,endometriosis and polycystic ovarian syndrome.Herein,we review the mechanistic role of oxidative stress in inducing the most common female reproductive disorders.The current review has also highlighted the protective role of vitamin C,necessary for certain female reproductive hormone secretion by the antral follicle and corpus luteum and also essential for collagen production in ovarian tissue remodeling after ovulation,in alleviating oxidative stress and thus improving female reproductive outcomes.
基金the Knowledge Innovation Project of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (KZCX2-YW-QN205 and KZCX2-YW-213-2)the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China (2006A-A09Z179)+1 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China (40676089, 40776093)the Major State Basic Research Development Program of China (2006CB-400605 and 2009CB421202) to J Sun
文摘The results of an investigation carried out during June 2005 to May 2007 on bloom-forming phytoplankton species composition and abundance in the Parangipettai and Coleroon coastal waters (Southeast coast of India) are reported. Air and surface water temperatures (℃) varied from 25.1 to 30.1 and 24.5 to 28.5, respectively, in the former waters and from 25.5 to 31.2 and 25.0 to 29.3 in the latter waters. The respective salinities varied from 6.0 to 28.5 and 5.0 to 33.1 and the respective pH ranged between 7.0 and 8.3 and 7.2 and 8.3. Correspondingly, the dissolved oxygen content varied from 3.1 to 7.5 and 3.1 to 7.9 mgL1 while the light extinction coefficient (LEC) values ranged between 3.1 and 10.1 and 1.8 and 11.0. The content ranges of inorganic nutrients, i.e., nitrate, nitrite, phosphate and silicate (μmolL^-1), in the Parangipettai and Coleroon coastal waters were: 6.5- 27.0; 1.0- 8.9; 0.1-3.0 and 15.0 -140 and 10.1-23.4; 1.2-8.9; 0.2-3.1 and 55-125 respectively. The chlorophyll α contents in both waters ranged from 2.0-7.5 μgL^-1. Presently, 124 phytoplankton species representing different classes were recorded in the Coleroon coast, viz, Bacillariophyceae (77); Dinophyceae (19); Cyanophyceae (15); Chlorophyceae (10) and Chrysophyceae (3), whereas 117 phytoplankton species were recorded in the Parangipettai coast, viz, Bacillariophyceae (66); Dinophyceae (22); Cyanophyceae (19); Chlorophyceae (7) and Chrysophyceae (3). The phytoplankton cell abundance in the Parangipettai and Coleroon coastal waters varied from 290 to 111662 and 140 to 132 757 cells L^-1, respectively, with peak diversity (3.38 and 3.52 bits indl.) recorded in summer. The maximum abundance occurred in summer coinciding with the stable hydrographical conditions. The seasonal distribution and abundance of phytoplankton are discussed in relation to hydrographical parameters. Totally 31 and 24 species of phytoplankton were found to be bloom-forming in the Parangipettai and Colero
基金supported financially by the Department of Science and Technology, Government of India (No. SB/FTP/ETA-104/2012)
文摘The influence of processing temperature on grain size reduction in AA 6063 aluminum alloy subjected to repetitive corrugation and straightening (RCS) is investigated in this work. The aluminum alloy was processed by RCS at different temperatures (room temperature, 100 ℃, 200 ℃ and 300 ℃) till the maximum number of passes possible before failure and the mechanical properties such as tensile strength and hardness were measured. The grain size and their misorientation of grains of the processed samples were analyzed using the electron backscattered diffraction. The results indicated that the transformation of low-angle grain boundaries to high-angle grain boundaries and dislocation tangles were highly dependent on the strain imparted, which could be controlled by selecting the proper processing temperature. As a result, the mechanical properties are affected. In particular, the room temperature tensile strength and hardness values of the processed material decrease with increasing processing temperature.
文摘Introduction: Neurogenic tumors include schwannomas and neurofibro-mas. They occur often in the head and neck. However, their occurrence on the vagus is uncommon. A high index of suspicion is needed to order imaging in pelvic lesions that present atypically. Discussion: Schwannomas are hypointense on T1 and heterogeneously hyperintense on T2 on MRI. The histopathological appearance with Antoni type A and type B is typical of Schwannoma. Conclusion: Schwannomas are slow growing benign tumors that are separable from the parent nerve. Recurrence is uncommon after resection.
文摘Background: Deep seated cutaneous fungal infection is a rare entity in surgical practice and is very often under diagnosed. Due to the atypical presentation and slow but aggressive progression of the disease, the associated mortality is high. Aim: The aim of this article to update clinicians about the peculiar presentation of mucormycosis caused by Apophysomyces elegans. Case Presentation: A 50 year old gentleman with a painful swelling and fever was admitted into our care. He had history of trivial trauma and no medical comorbid. His initial labs came back relatively unremarkable. He did not respond to an empirical antibacterial regimen and progressively worsened. The region was debrided and found to have granular secretions with sloughed tissue. On opening the dressing post operatively, a fungal mould was found. Fungal etiology was suspected and KOH mount confirmed the diagnosis. He was started on empirical IV antifungals, and local therapy while awaiting culture and sensitivity reports. However, he progressively deteriorated and succumbed to the disease eventually. Conclusion: Here we describe a deep seated cutaneous fungal infection in an immunocompetent patient and the challenges we faced during the course of his management. Fungal etiology is generally encountered in immunocompromised hosts. Deep seated cutaneous fungal infections with poor response to antifungal therapy and systemic sepsis led to this patients’ demise. This being the case, the onus is on the clinicians to diagnose a fungal etiology early and start appropriate anti fungal measures.