Background:The aim of this study is to elucidate the potential risk zones prone to the invasion of perennial ornamental plant Lantana camara,which is native to South America and has invasive tendency in Jharkhand,east...Background:The aim of this study is to elucidate the potential risk zones prone to the invasion of perennial ornamental plant Lantana camara,which is native to South America and has invasive tendency in Jharkhand,eastern India,for present(2020)and the future(2050)climatic conditions under four different Representative Concentration Pathways scenarios(RCPs).We analysed the current distribution pattern of L.camara in the plateau region of eastern India and identified potentially suitable habitats prone to its further infestation in the future under the climate change scenario.Results:Results showed the presence of L.camara invasion in~13%of the geographical area of Jharkhand,Cho-tanagpur plateau which may expand up to 20–26%by 2050 depending upon emission scenarios as characterised by the four RCPs.Analysis for the current scenario suggests the dominance of L.camara in sub-zone V(12.77%under high risk zones(HRZ)and 9.5%under critical risk zones(CRZ))followed by sub-zones IV(6.7%:HRZ;4.19%:CRZ)and VI(2.49%:HRZ;2.14%:CRZ).Future projection(2050)indicates a possible expansion of its distribution range across all agro-climatic sub-zones with dominance in sub-zones V and IV.Variable Bio_4(temperature seasonality)was observed as the most contributing factor for the distribution of L.camara for current and future scenarios across all RCPs.Suitable habitat for L.camara mostly occurred under natural vegetation(66.05%of CRZ and 60.71%of HRZ)and agriculture landscape(29.51%of CRZ and 34.48%of HRZ).Conclusions:The study provides an insight of invasion of L.camara in the plateau region of eastern India,and reveals wide distribution across all the agro-climatic sub-zones of Jharkhand,mostly in open and disturbed areas under natural vegetation and agriculture landscapes.Future projections for the year 2050 suggest a continuous increase in the expansion range of invasion across Jharkhand and call for urgent initiatives to combat its further invasion.展开更多
The fractional single-phase-lagging(FSPL)heat conduction model is obtained by combining scalar time fractional conservation equation to the single-phase-lagging(SPL)heat conduction model.Based on the FSPL heat conduct...The fractional single-phase-lagging(FSPL)heat conduction model is obtained by combining scalar time fractional conservation equation to the single-phase-lagging(SPL)heat conduction model.Based on the FSPL heat conduction model,anomalous diffusion within a finite thin film is investigated.The effect of different parameters on solution has been observed and studied the asymptotic behavior of the FSPL model.The analytical solution is obtained using Laplace transform method.The whole analysis is presented in dimensionless form.Numerical examples of particular interest have been studied and discussed in details.展开更多
Carp polyculture is commonly practiced throughout south Asia,but traditional aquaculture methodsoften lead to low fish yields from ponds in this region.Two trials were conducted to evaluate the benefitsof adding Nile ...Carp polyculture is commonly practiced throughout south Asia,but traditional aquaculture methodsoften lead to low fish yields from ponds in this region.Two trials were conducted to evaluate the benefitsof adding Nile tilapia and sahar to carp polyculture ponds.The first trial was conducted in 9 earthenponds for 240 days.This on-station trial stocked ponds with three separate treatments:a)carp only(C);b)carp+tilapia(C+T);and c)carp+tilapia+sahar(C+T+S).Combined net fish yield at harvest wassignificantly higher in the C+T+S trial(2.58±0.10 t·ha^(-1)·crop^(-1))compared to the C trial(2.01±0.26t·ha^(-1)·crop^(-1)).Additionally,gross margin(output value minus input costs)was significantlyhigher in the C+T+S trial(2357±211 USD/ha)compared to the C trial(1300±316 USD/ha),but notcompared to the C+T trial(1569±177 USD/ha).Next,an on-farm trial was conducted in 12 farmer-managed earthen ponds for 165 days.This trial focused on two treatment types:a)C and b)C+T+S.Combined net fish yield at harvest was significantly higher in the C+T+S trial(2.78±0.39 t·ha^(-1)·crop^(-1))compared to the C trial(2.06±0.14 t·ha^(-1)·crop^(-1)).Gross margin was alsosignificantly higher in theC+T+S trial(3219±367 USD/ha)compared to the C trial(1800±250 USD/ha).The use of these alternative species,along with traditional carp,has the ability to increase fish yieldand raise profits in polyculture systems.展开更多
Deep knowledge of the microstructure and physicochemical properties of polymeric food systems,such as honey powders(HP)and coconut sugars(CS),has practical importance for industry and end users.This study investigated...Deep knowledge of the microstructure and physicochemical properties of polymeric food systems,such as honey powders(HP)and coconut sugars(CS),has practical importance for industry and end users.This study investigated the effect of polyvinylpyrrolidone(PVP)addition on microstructure,roughness,glass transition,α-relaxation temperatures and structural strength(S)of anhydrous complex carbohydrates mixtures.The addition of PVP slightly increased the glass transition andα-relaxation temperature for HP and CS systems as high molecular weight components.Systems with PVP addition showed“stronger”behaviour according to the S approach.Polarized light,scanning electron and atomic force microscopies showed slight differences in transparency and shapes between controls and systems with PVP addition.Surface morphological changes and roughness were investigated in this study to provide insight into HP and CS particles’structural changes.Moreover,S-involved structural diagrams were built to determine S parameters for controlling the structural transformation of HP and CS systems with and without PVP addition.The results obtained in this work provide new information on polymer-carbohydrate interactions in complex food systems and structural transformations during their production and storage.展开更多
Purpose: To study the prevalence of dry eye in a hospital based population of rural setup and to evaluate its association with various risk factors. Material and Methods: In this cross sectional study, patients above ...Purpose: To study the prevalence of dry eye in a hospital based population of rural setup and to evaluate its association with various risk factors. Material and Methods: In this cross sectional study, patients above 20 years of age were screened randomly for dry eye. An 8 points questionnaires, slit lamp examination of meibomian glands, tear film breakup time, fluorescein staining of cornea, schirmer test were used to diagnose dry eye. The diagnosis was made when three of the five parameters were positive. The role of various occupations as well as role of different exposure factors like sunlight, excessive wind, smoking, drugs, and air pollution as dry eye risk factors was accessed. Result: Out of 445, 45.39% patients had dry eye. Dry eye prevalence was higher in those above 70 years of age (74%). It was higher in male population (51.82%) compare to female population (37.37%), nearly equal in rural (46.04%) and urban population (44.31%) and highest among factory workers (90%). Correlation of dry eye with drugs (P = 0.0002), sunlight/high temperature (P = 0.0003) and smoking (P = 0.03) were significant. Conclusion: This is a hospital based study which provides prevalence of dry eye in rural region of western Uttar Pradesh. It is more common in old age male population and significantly higher in factory workers. Out of different modifiable risk factors most important are drugs, sunlight/high temperature and smoking.展开更多
In this article,we present two new novel finite difference approximations of order two and four,respectively,for the three dimensional non-linear triharmonic partial differential equations on a compact stencil where t...In this article,we present two new novel finite difference approximations of order two and four,respectively,for the three dimensional non-linear triharmonic partial differential equations on a compact stencil where the values of u,δ^(2)u/δn^(2)andδ^(4)u/δn^(4)are prescribed on the boundary.We introduce new ideas to handle the boundary conditions and there is no need to discretize the derivative boundary conditions.We require only 7-and 19-grid points on the compact cell for the second and fourth order approximation,respectively.The Laplacian and the biharmonic of the solution are obtained as by-product of the methods.We require only system of three equations to obtain the solution.Numerical results are provided to illustrate the usefulness of the proposed methods.展开更多
基金funding for the project(IFP-083/A&Extn-02/2016-2019)was provided by ICFRE,Dehradun.
文摘Background:The aim of this study is to elucidate the potential risk zones prone to the invasion of perennial ornamental plant Lantana camara,which is native to South America and has invasive tendency in Jharkhand,eastern India,for present(2020)and the future(2050)climatic conditions under four different Representative Concentration Pathways scenarios(RCPs).We analysed the current distribution pattern of L.camara in the plateau region of eastern India and identified potentially suitable habitats prone to its further infestation in the future under the climate change scenario.Results:Results showed the presence of L.camara invasion in~13%of the geographical area of Jharkhand,Cho-tanagpur plateau which may expand up to 20–26%by 2050 depending upon emission scenarios as characterised by the four RCPs.Analysis for the current scenario suggests the dominance of L.camara in sub-zone V(12.77%under high risk zones(HRZ)and 9.5%under critical risk zones(CRZ))followed by sub-zones IV(6.7%:HRZ;4.19%:CRZ)and VI(2.49%:HRZ;2.14%:CRZ).Future projection(2050)indicates a possible expansion of its distribution range across all agro-climatic sub-zones with dominance in sub-zones V and IV.Variable Bio_4(temperature seasonality)was observed as the most contributing factor for the distribution of L.camara for current and future scenarios across all RCPs.Suitable habitat for L.camara mostly occurred under natural vegetation(66.05%of CRZ and 60.71%of HRZ)and agriculture landscape(29.51%of CRZ and 34.48%of HRZ).Conclusions:The study provides an insight of invasion of L.camara in the plateau region of eastern India,and reveals wide distribution across all the agro-climatic sub-zones of Jharkhand,mostly in open and disturbed areas under natural vegetation and agriculture landscapes.Future projections for the year 2050 suggest a continuous increase in the expansion range of invasion across Jharkhand and call for urgent initiatives to combat its further invasion.
文摘The fractional single-phase-lagging(FSPL)heat conduction model is obtained by combining scalar time fractional conservation equation to the single-phase-lagging(SPL)heat conduction model.Based on the FSPL heat conduction model,anomalous diffusion within a finite thin film is investigated.The effect of different parameters on solution has been observed and studied the asymptotic behavior of the FSPL model.The analytical solution is obtained using Laplace transform method.The whole analysis is presented in dimensionless form.Numerical examples of particular interest have been studied and discussed in details.
文摘Carp polyculture is commonly practiced throughout south Asia,but traditional aquaculture methodsoften lead to low fish yields from ponds in this region.Two trials were conducted to evaluate the benefitsof adding Nile tilapia and sahar to carp polyculture ponds.The first trial was conducted in 9 earthenponds for 240 days.This on-station trial stocked ponds with three separate treatments:a)carp only(C);b)carp+tilapia(C+T);and c)carp+tilapia+sahar(C+T+S).Combined net fish yield at harvest wassignificantly higher in the C+T+S trial(2.58±0.10 t·ha^(-1)·crop^(-1))compared to the C trial(2.01±0.26t·ha^(-1)·crop^(-1)).Additionally,gross margin(output value minus input costs)was significantlyhigher in the C+T+S trial(2357±211 USD/ha)compared to the C trial(1300±316 USD/ha),but notcompared to the C+T trial(1569±177 USD/ha).Next,an on-farm trial was conducted in 12 farmer-managed earthen ponds for 165 days.This trial focused on two treatment types:a)C and b)C+T+S.Combined net fish yield at harvest was significantly higher in the C+T+S trial(2.78±0.39 t·ha^(-1)·crop^(-1))compared to the C trial(2.06±0.14 t·ha^(-1)·crop^(-1)).Gross margin was alsosignificantly higher in theC+T+S trial(3219±367 USD/ha)compared to the C trial(1800±250 USD/ha).The use of these alternative species,along with traditional carp,has the ability to increase fish yieldand raise profits in polyculture systems.
基金This work was supported by the Food Institutional Research Measure(FIRM)project(DAIRYDRY 15-F-679)funded by the Irish Department of Agriculture,Food and Marine.
文摘Deep knowledge of the microstructure and physicochemical properties of polymeric food systems,such as honey powders(HP)and coconut sugars(CS),has practical importance for industry and end users.This study investigated the effect of polyvinylpyrrolidone(PVP)addition on microstructure,roughness,glass transition,α-relaxation temperatures and structural strength(S)of anhydrous complex carbohydrates mixtures.The addition of PVP slightly increased the glass transition andα-relaxation temperature for HP and CS systems as high molecular weight components.Systems with PVP addition showed“stronger”behaviour according to the S approach.Polarized light,scanning electron and atomic force microscopies showed slight differences in transparency and shapes between controls and systems with PVP addition.Surface morphological changes and roughness were investigated in this study to provide insight into HP and CS particles’structural changes.Moreover,S-involved structural diagrams were built to determine S parameters for controlling the structural transformation of HP and CS systems with and without PVP addition.The results obtained in this work provide new information on polymer-carbohydrate interactions in complex food systems and structural transformations during their production and storage.
文摘Purpose: To study the prevalence of dry eye in a hospital based population of rural setup and to evaluate its association with various risk factors. Material and Methods: In this cross sectional study, patients above 20 years of age were screened randomly for dry eye. An 8 points questionnaires, slit lamp examination of meibomian glands, tear film breakup time, fluorescein staining of cornea, schirmer test were used to diagnose dry eye. The diagnosis was made when three of the five parameters were positive. The role of various occupations as well as role of different exposure factors like sunlight, excessive wind, smoking, drugs, and air pollution as dry eye risk factors was accessed. Result: Out of 445, 45.39% patients had dry eye. Dry eye prevalence was higher in those above 70 years of age (74%). It was higher in male population (51.82%) compare to female population (37.37%), nearly equal in rural (46.04%) and urban population (44.31%) and highest among factory workers (90%). Correlation of dry eye with drugs (P = 0.0002), sunlight/high temperature (P = 0.0003) and smoking (P = 0.03) were significant. Conclusion: This is a hospital based study which provides prevalence of dry eye in rural region of western Uttar Pradesh. It is more common in old age male population and significantly higher in factory workers. Out of different modifiable risk factors most important are drugs, sunlight/high temperature and smoking.
基金This research was supported by’The University of Delhi’under research grant No.Dean(R)/R&D/2010/1311.
文摘In this article,we present two new novel finite difference approximations of order two and four,respectively,for the three dimensional non-linear triharmonic partial differential equations on a compact stencil where the values of u,δ^(2)u/δn^(2)andδ^(4)u/δn^(4)are prescribed on the boundary.We introduce new ideas to handle the boundary conditions and there is no need to discretize the derivative boundary conditions.We require only 7-and 19-grid points on the compact cell for the second and fourth order approximation,respectively.The Laplacian and the biharmonic of the solution are obtained as by-product of the methods.We require only system of three equations to obtain the solution.Numerical results are provided to illustrate the usefulness of the proposed methods.
