An attempt was made to improve the surface properties of the AZ91 Mg alloy through surface alloying of a mixture of Al and TiC with the help of TIG arc as heat source.The microstructural evolution of the alloyed layer...An attempt was made to improve the surface properties of the AZ91 Mg alloy through surface alloying of a mixture of Al and TiC with the help of TIG arc as heat source.The microstructural evolution of the alloyed layer on the AZ91 alloy was analysed through SEM and XRD technique.The micro-hardness and the dry sliding wear behaviour were assessed by Vickers micro-hardness tester and pin-on-disc wear test setup,respectively.It is revealed that almost uniform alloyed layer forms on the AZ91 alloy substrate for a specific current and scan speed employed in the present experiments.The alloyed layer exhibits hardness value up to 305 HV0.25,and almost negligible wear as compared to the as-received AZ91 alloy substrate.展开更多
The Singhbhum craton of the eastern India consists of the Singhbhum Granite Complex(SGC)and the Chotanagpur Gneissic Complex(CGC)separated by the Singhbhum Mobile Belt(SMB).The CGC is intruded by Mesoproterozoic as we...The Singhbhum craton of the eastern India consists of the Singhbhum Granite Complex(SGC)and the Chotanagpur Gneissic Complex(CGC)separated by the Singhbhum Mobile Belt(SMB).The CGC is intruded by Mesoproterozoic as well as Cretaceous mafic dykes;in展开更多
Seasonal and sexual variations as well as the effect of dry feed supplement on total drinking water intake and its utilization were observed in mithun （Bosfrontalis） - a semi-wild animal found in North Eastern Hill ...Seasonal and sexual variations as well as the effect of dry feed supplement on total drinking water intake and its utilization were observed in mithun （Bosfrontalis） - a semi-wild animal found in North Eastern Hill Region （NEHR） of India. In a completely randomized design, twelve adult mithuns （B. frontalis） as per their sex and body weight were assigned in two different rearing systems （free grazing and free grazing with dry concentrate feed supplementation）, and ten growing male mithuns as per their body weight assigned in two different levels of dry concentrate feed supplementation （1.o kg and 2.0 kg dry concentrate feeds on green forage based diet） and in two different seasons （summer and winter）. It was observed that the environmental temperature had a significant effect on drinking water intake by mithuns. Drinking water consumption （per unit of body weight） was significantly （P 〈 0.05） higher in summer than in winter. Supplementation of concentrate feed on free grazing animals resulted in increase in water consumption. Total water consumption （drinking as well as performed water） was found to be 15.18 litres per 100 kg body weight by growing mithun. Feed dry matter and digestible nutrient intakes by growing mithun were observed to be increased with the increase of supplementation of dry concentrate feed. Roughage to concentrate ratio did not affect the nutrient digestibility. Mithun calves drank an average of 4.30 litres water for each kg of dry matter intake. Metabolic water was significantly （P〈0.01） increased with the increase of supplementation of concentrate feed whereas water turn over, which depends upon the body weight of the animals, did not differ significantly on offering of lower or higher level of dry feed. Faecal water loss of growing mithun was decreased with the increase in intake of concentrate feed and was estimated to be 33 - 46 % of total water intake. Excretion of water through faeces of mithun was about 3.8 % of body weight. It could, there展开更多
Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. punicae （Xap） causing bacterial blight is an important pathogen that incurs significant losses to the exportability of pomegranate. Xap uses the Xop TTSS-effector, via the type three secre...Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. punicae （Xap） causing bacterial blight is an important pathogen that incurs significant losses to the exportability of pomegranate. Xap uses the Xop TTSS-effector, via the type three secretion system, to suppress pomegranate immunity. Here, we investigate the role of XopL during blight pathogenesis. We observed that XopL is essential for its in planta growth and full virulence. Leaves inoculated with Xap AxopL produced restricted water-soaked lesions compared to those inoculated with wild-type Xap. XopL supports Xap for its sustained multiplication in pomegranate by suppress- ing the plant cell death （PCD） event. We further demon- strated that XopL suppresses immune responses, such as callose deposition and production of reactive oxygen species （ROS）. RT-qPCR analysis revealed that immune responsive genes were upregulated when challenged with Xap AxopL, whereas upregulation of such genes was compromised in the complemented strain containing the xopL gene. The transiently expressed XopL：：EYFP fusion protein was local- ized to the plasma membrane, indicating the possible site of its action. Altogether, this study highlights that XopL is an important TTSS-effector of Xap that suppresses plant immune responses, including PCD, presumably to support the multiplication of Xap for a sufficient time-period during blight disease development.展开更多
文摘An attempt was made to improve the surface properties of the AZ91 Mg alloy through surface alloying of a mixture of Al and TiC with the help of TIG arc as heat source.The microstructural evolution of the alloyed layer on the AZ91 alloy was analysed through SEM and XRD technique.The micro-hardness and the dry sliding wear behaviour were assessed by Vickers micro-hardness tester and pin-on-disc wear test setup,respectively.It is revealed that almost uniform alloyed layer forms on the AZ91 alloy substrate for a specific current and scan speed employed in the present experiments.The alloyed layer exhibits hardness value up to 305 HV0.25,and almost negligible wear as compared to the as-received AZ91 alloy substrate.
文摘The Singhbhum craton of the eastern India consists of the Singhbhum Granite Complex(SGC)and the Chotanagpur Gneissic Complex(CGC)separated by the Singhbhum Mobile Belt(SMB).The CGC is intruded by Mesoproterozoic as well as Cretaceous mafic dykes;in
文摘Seasonal and sexual variations as well as the effect of dry feed supplement on total drinking water intake and its utilization were observed in mithun （Bosfrontalis） - a semi-wild animal found in North Eastern Hill Region （NEHR） of India. In a completely randomized design, twelve adult mithuns （B. frontalis） as per their sex and body weight were assigned in two different rearing systems （free grazing and free grazing with dry concentrate feed supplementation）, and ten growing male mithuns as per their body weight assigned in two different levels of dry concentrate feed supplementation （1.o kg and 2.0 kg dry concentrate feeds on green forage based diet） and in two different seasons （summer and winter）. It was observed that the environmental temperature had a significant effect on drinking water intake by mithuns. Drinking water consumption （per unit of body weight） was significantly （P 〈 0.05） higher in summer than in winter. Supplementation of concentrate feed on free grazing animals resulted in increase in water consumption. Total water consumption （drinking as well as performed water） was found to be 15.18 litres per 100 kg body weight by growing mithun. Feed dry matter and digestible nutrient intakes by growing mithun were observed to be increased with the increase of supplementation of dry concentrate feed. Roughage to concentrate ratio did not affect the nutrient digestibility. Mithun calves drank an average of 4.30 litres water for each kg of dry matter intake. Metabolic water was significantly （P〈0.01） increased with the increase of supplementation of concentrate feed whereas water turn over, which depends upon the body weight of the animals, did not differ significantly on offering of lower or higher level of dry feed. Faecal water loss of growing mithun was decreased with the increase in intake of concentrate feed and was estimated to be 33 - 46 % of total water intake. Excretion of water through faeces of mithun was about 3.8 % of body weight. It could, there
基金supported by DBT grant (No. BT/PR8871/PBD/16/1052/2013), Govt of India
文摘Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. punicae （Xap） causing bacterial blight is an important pathogen that incurs significant losses to the exportability of pomegranate. Xap uses the Xop TTSS-effector, via the type three secretion system, to suppress pomegranate immunity. Here, we investigate the role of XopL during blight pathogenesis. We observed that XopL is essential for its in planta growth and full virulence. Leaves inoculated with Xap AxopL produced restricted water-soaked lesions compared to those inoculated with wild-type Xap. XopL supports Xap for its sustained multiplication in pomegranate by suppress- ing the plant cell death （PCD） event. We further demon- strated that XopL suppresses immune responses, such as callose deposition and production of reactive oxygen species （ROS）. RT-qPCR analysis revealed that immune responsive genes were upregulated when challenged with Xap AxopL, whereas upregulation of such genes was compromised in the complemented strain containing the xopL gene. The transiently expressed XopL：：EYFP fusion protein was local- ized to the plasma membrane, indicating the possible site of its action. Altogether, this study highlights that XopL is an important TTSS-effector of Xap that suppresses plant immune responses, including PCD, presumably to support the multiplication of Xap for a sufficient time-period during blight disease development.
