The growing global requirement for food and the need for sustainable farming in an era of a changing climate and scarce resources have inspired substantial crop yield prediction research.Deep learning(DL)and machine l...The growing global requirement for food and the need for sustainable farming in an era of a changing climate and scarce resources have inspired substantial crop yield prediction research.Deep learning(DL)and machine learning(ML)models effectively deal with such challenges.This research paper comprehensively analyses recent advancements in crop yield prediction from January 2016 to March 2024.In addition,it analyses the effectiveness of various input parameters considered in crop yield prediction models.We conducted an in-depth search and gathered studies that employed crop modeling and AI-based methods to predict crop yield.The total number of articles reviewed for crop yield prediction using ML,meta-modeling(Crop models coupled with ML/DL),and DL-based prediction models and input parameter selection is 125.We conduct the research by setting up five objectives for this research and discussing them after analyzing the selected research papers.Each study is assessed based on the crop type,input parameters employed for prediction,the modeling techniques adopted,and the evaluation metrics used for estimatingmodel performance.We also discuss the ethical and social impacts of AI on agriculture.However,various approaches presented in the scientific literature have delivered impressive predictions,they are complicateddue to intricate,multifactorial influences oncropgrowthand theneed for accuratedata-driven models.Therefore,thorough research is required to deal with challenges in predicting agricultural output.展开更多
AIM： To evaluate the protective effect of 2′-p-hydroxy benzoylmussaenosidic acid [negundoside （NG）, against carbon tetrachloride （CCl4）-induced toxicity in HUH-7 cel Is.METHODS： CCI4 is a well characterized hep...AIM： To evaluate the protective effect of 2′-p-hydroxy benzoylmussaenosidic acid [negundoside （NG）, against carbon tetrachloride （CCl4）-induced toxicity in HUH-7 cel Is.METHODS： CCI4 is a well characterized hepatotoxin, and inducer of cytochrome P450 2E1 （CYP2E1）-mediated oxidative stress. In addition, lipid peroxidation and accumulation of intracellular calcium are important steps in the pathway involved in CCl4 toxicity. Liver cells （HUH-7） were treated with CCI4, and the mechanism of the cytoprotective effect of NG was assessed. Silymarin, a known hepatoprotective drug, was used as control. RESULTS： NG protected HUH-7 cells against CCl4 toxicity and loss of viability without modulating CYP2E1 activity. Prevention of CCl4 toxicity was associated with a reduction in oxidative damage as reflected by decreased generation of reactive oxygen species （ROS）, a decrease in lipid peroxidation and accumulation of intracellular Ca^2＋ levels and maintenance of intracellular glutathione homeostasis. Decreased mitochondrial membrane potential （MMP）, induction of caspases mediated DNA fragmentation and cell cycle arrest, as a result of CCl4 treatment, were also blocked by NG. The protection afforded by NG seemed to be mediated by activation of cyclic adenosine monophosphate （cAMP） synthesis and inhibition of phospholipases （cPLA2）. CONCLUSION： NG exerts a protective effect on CYP2E1-dependent CCl4 toxicity via inhibition of lipid peroxidation, followed by an improved intracellular calcium homeostasis and inhibition of Ca^2＋-dependent proteases.展开更多
Background: Axillary scar contracture is frequently observed after severe burn insult and is usually accompanied by scarred adjacent area. These scars result in adduction deformity, which may be severe and diffuse. Th...Background: Axillary scar contracture is frequently observed after severe burn insult and is usually accompanied by scarred adjacent area. These scars result in adduction deformity, which may be severe and diffuse. The lack of adequate treatment in the acute phase leads to complex scars that require different surgical techniques depending on the clinical examination of surgeon. Aim: Expose the possible surgical techniques, their advantages and disadvantages in the case of burning of the entire axillary hollow. The surgical management of linear scares contractures will not be discussed in this article. Case presentation: This is a rare clinical case of a 12-year-old girl who was burned at the age of 5 with disabling functional sequelae of the axillary area (limitation of the abduction to 30 degrees). The patient is treated at ALGHASSANI Hospital in Fes city/Morocco. Parental consent was taken for scientific publication. Results: We did two surgical interventions: the first starting with excision of the scar tissue leaving a loss of skin covered by a laterothoracic IC fasciocutaneous flap. The second one was a semi-thick skin graft to cover the supero and infero external quadrants of the left breast. We obtain the abduction at 110 degrees. Conclusion: Early surgical management of deep lesions within 21 days of the burn associated with prolonged rehabilitation and the wearing of compression garments and splints are essential elements in the prevention of these axillary contractures.展开更多
A mathematical model is developed to assist the design engineers by analyzing the vibration response of non-homogeneous orthotropic rectangular plate under exponentially varying thermal condition. Plate thickness vari...A mathematical model is developed to assist the design engineers by analyzing the vibration response of non-homogeneous orthotropic rectangular plate under exponentially varying thermal condition. Plate thickness varies parabolically in both directions. Using Rayleigh Ritz approach, frequency parameter and two term deflection function is calculated for diverse values of taper constants. For the best comprehension of the vibration analysis, results are depicted graphically.展开更多
Background:Rabies is a zoonosis transmitted via the bites of various mammals,primarily dogs and bats.Known since antiquity,this disease may have the deadliest human fatality rates and is responsible for approximately ...Background:Rabies is a zoonosis transmitted via the bites of various mammals,primarily dogs and bats.Known since antiquity,this disease may have the deadliest human fatality rates and is responsible for approximately 65,000 deaths worldwide per year.Case presentation:We report the case details of a 13-year-old boy from India belonging to a South Asian ethnicity,who presented with altered sensorium one month following a dog bite.He did not receive the active rabies immunization and was managed with supportive therapy.The patient had extensive T_2 weighted(T_2W)/fluid attenuation and inversion recovery(FLAIR) hyper intensities involving the deep gray matter of the cerebral hemispheres,hippocampus,brainstem,and cerebellum.The diagnosis was confirmed by the demonstration of the rabies antigen from a nuchal skin biopsy and a corneal smear.The patient had a slow but significant recovery over four months and was discharged from the hospital in stable condition with severe neurological sequelae.Conclusion:We report a unique case of survival after infection with a universally fatal disease.展开更多
The practice of cardiac auscultation is a critical tool used by physicians to detect alterations in the cardiovascular system. A case of both left and right sided endocarditis initially detected by electronic ausculta...The practice of cardiac auscultation is a critical tool used by physicians to detect alterations in the cardiovascular system. A case of both left and right sided endocarditis initially detected by electronic auscultation in a woman with a history of injection drug use is described. The electronic stethoscope, with the ability to amplify heart sounds, established the presence of both a systolic and diastolic murmur when standard auscultation failed to detect the diastolic component. Urgent standard echocardiography confirmed concurrent tricuspid and aortic valves endocarditis, and the patient was referred for surgical evaluation urgently. The present case demonstrates the value of the electronic stethoscope to amplify murmurs in the early detection of endocarditis. The case presented also serves as a useful reminder that right-sided endocarditis can have important leftsided complications.展开更多
Coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)is a global pandemic where several comorbidities have been shown to have a significant effect on mortality.Patients with diabetes mellitus(DM)have a higher mortality rate than non-DM ...Coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)is a global pandemic where several comorbidities have been shown to have a significant effect on mortality.Patients with diabetes mellitus(DM)have a higher mortality rate than non-DM patients if they get COVID-19.Recent studies have indicated that patients with a history of diabetes can increase the risk of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection.Additionally,patients without any history of diabetes can acquire newonset DM when infected with COVID-19.Thus,there is a need to explore the bidirectional link between these two conditions,confirming the vicious loop between“DM/COVID-19”.This narrative review presents(1)the bidirectional association between the DM and COVID-19,(2)the manifestations of the DM/COVID-19 loop leading to cardiovascular disease,(3)an understanding of primary and secondary factors that influence mortality due to the DM/COVID-19 loop,(4)the role of vitamin-D in DM patients during COVID-19,and finally,(5)the monitoring tools for tracking atherosclerosis burden in DM patients during COVID-19 and“COVID-triggered DM”patients.We conclude that the bidirectional nature of DM/COVID-19 causes acceleration towards cardiovascular events.Due to this alarming condition,early monitoring of atherosclerotic burden is required in“Diabetes patients during COVID-19”or“new-onset Diabetes triggered by COVID-19 in Non-Diabetes patients”.展开更多
Exposure to mercuric chloride(HgCl2;5 mg kg–1 body weight;i.p.)induced oxidative stress in mice and substantially increased lipid peroxidation(LPO)and oxidized glutathione(GSSG)levels,decreased the level of reduced g...Exposure to mercuric chloride(HgCl2;5 mg kg–1 body weight;i.p.)induced oxidative stress in mice and substantially increased lipid peroxidation(LPO)and oxidized glutathione(GSSG)levels,decreased the level of reduced glu-tathione(GSH)and various antioxidant enzymes in liver and also increased the activities of liver marker enzymes in serum.Therapy with propolis extract,a resinous wax-like beehive product(200 mg kg–1 orally,after mercury administration),for 3 days inhibited LPO and the formation of GSSG and increased the level of GSH in the liver.Release of serum transaminases,alkaline phosphatase,lactate dehydrogenase and-glutamyl transpeptidase were significantly restored after propolis treatment.The activities of antioxidant enzymes,that is,superoxide dismutase,catalase,glutathione-S-transferase and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase,were also concomitantly restored towards normal levels after propolis administration.These observations clearly demonstrate that propolis treatment augments antioxidant defense against mercury-induced toxicity and provide evidence that propolis has therapeutic potential as a hepatoprotective agent.展开更多
Background: Our objective was to determine the assessment of cardiovascular risk by family physicians. Methods: A questionnaire was sent by mail or fax regarding both awareness and use of the various CV risk scores in...Background: Our objective was to determine the assessment of cardiovascular risk by family physicians. Methods: A questionnaire was sent by mail or fax regarding both awareness and use of the various CV risk scores in southeastern Ontario. Results: Of 181 family physicians surveyed, 96% were aware of at least one CV risk score and 40% were aware of the JUPITER study. Despite this awareness, 72% simply counted risk factors to assess risk, rather than to calculate risk using established scoring methods. Only 23% used the JUPITER study criteria. This suggests an under-estimated of overall CV risk by family physician’s practicing in southeastern Ontario. Interpetation: Cardiovascular risk in primary care is being underestimated in southeastern Ontario. Additional knowledge translation strategies are required to enhance the family physician’s awareness and use of established risk scoring methods if we are to reduce the burden of CV disease.展开更多
文摘The growing global requirement for food and the need for sustainable farming in an era of a changing climate and scarce resources have inspired substantial crop yield prediction research.Deep learning(DL)and machine learning(ML)models effectively deal with such challenges.This research paper comprehensively analyses recent advancements in crop yield prediction from January 2016 to March 2024.In addition,it analyses the effectiveness of various input parameters considered in crop yield prediction models.We conducted an in-depth search and gathered studies that employed crop modeling and AI-based methods to predict crop yield.The total number of articles reviewed for crop yield prediction using ML,meta-modeling(Crop models coupled with ML/DL),and DL-based prediction models and input parameter selection is 125.We conduct the research by setting up five objectives for this research and discussing them after analyzing the selected research papers.Each study is assessed based on the crop type,input parameters employed for prediction,the modeling techniques adopted,and the evaluation metrics used for estimatingmodel performance.We also discuss the ethical and social impacts of AI on agriculture.However,various approaches presented in the scientific literature have delivered impressive predictions,they are complicateddue to intricate,multifactorial influences oncropgrowthand theneed for accuratedata-driven models.Therefore,thorough research is required to deal with challenges in predicting agricultural output.
基金Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research
文摘AIM： To evaluate the protective effect of 2′-p-hydroxy benzoylmussaenosidic acid [negundoside （NG）, against carbon tetrachloride （CCl4）-induced toxicity in HUH-7 cel Is.METHODS： CCI4 is a well characterized hepatotoxin, and inducer of cytochrome P450 2E1 （CYP2E1）-mediated oxidative stress. In addition, lipid peroxidation and accumulation of intracellular calcium are important steps in the pathway involved in CCl4 toxicity. Liver cells （HUH-7） were treated with CCI4, and the mechanism of the cytoprotective effect of NG was assessed. Silymarin, a known hepatoprotective drug, was used as control. RESULTS： NG protected HUH-7 cells against CCl4 toxicity and loss of viability without modulating CYP2E1 activity. Prevention of CCl4 toxicity was associated with a reduction in oxidative damage as reflected by decreased generation of reactive oxygen species （ROS）, a decrease in lipid peroxidation and accumulation of intracellular Ca^2＋ levels and maintenance of intracellular glutathione homeostasis. Decreased mitochondrial membrane potential （MMP）, induction of caspases mediated DNA fragmentation and cell cycle arrest, as a result of CCl4 treatment, were also blocked by NG. The protection afforded by NG seemed to be mediated by activation of cyclic adenosine monophosphate （cAMP） synthesis and inhibition of phospholipases （cPLA2）. CONCLUSION： NG exerts a protective effect on CYP2E1-dependent CCl4 toxicity via inhibition of lipid peroxidation, followed by an improved intracellular calcium homeostasis and inhibition of Ca^2＋-dependent proteases.
文摘Background: Axillary scar contracture is frequently observed after severe burn insult and is usually accompanied by scarred adjacent area. These scars result in adduction deformity, which may be severe and diffuse. The lack of adequate treatment in the acute phase leads to complex scars that require different surgical techniques depending on the clinical examination of surgeon. Aim: Expose the possible surgical techniques, their advantages and disadvantages in the case of burning of the entire axillary hollow. The surgical management of linear scares contractures will not be discussed in this article. Case presentation: This is a rare clinical case of a 12-year-old girl who was burned at the age of 5 with disabling functional sequelae of the axillary area (limitation of the abduction to 30 degrees). The patient is treated at ALGHASSANI Hospital in Fes city/Morocco. Parental consent was taken for scientific publication. Results: We did two surgical interventions: the first starting with excision of the scar tissue leaving a loss of skin covered by a laterothoracic IC fasciocutaneous flap. The second one was a semi-thick skin graft to cover the supero and infero external quadrants of the left breast. We obtain the abduction at 110 degrees. Conclusion: Early surgical management of deep lesions within 21 days of the burn associated with prolonged rehabilitation and the wearing of compression garments and splints are essential elements in the prevention of these axillary contractures.
文摘A mathematical model is developed to assist the design engineers by analyzing the vibration response of non-homogeneous orthotropic rectangular plate under exponentially varying thermal condition. Plate thickness varies parabolically in both directions. Using Rayleigh Ritz approach, frequency parameter and two term deflection function is calculated for diverse values of taper constants. For the best comprehension of the vibration analysis, results are depicted graphically.
文摘Background:Rabies is a zoonosis transmitted via the bites of various mammals,primarily dogs and bats.Known since antiquity,this disease may have the deadliest human fatality rates and is responsible for approximately 65,000 deaths worldwide per year.Case presentation:We report the case details of a 13-year-old boy from India belonging to a South Asian ethnicity,who presented with altered sensorium one month following a dog bite.He did not receive the active rabies immunization and was managed with supportive therapy.The patient had extensive T_2 weighted(T_2W)/fluid attenuation and inversion recovery(FLAIR) hyper intensities involving the deep gray matter of the cerebral hemispheres,hippocampus,brainstem,and cerebellum.The diagnosis was confirmed by the demonstration of the rabies antigen from a nuchal skin biopsy and a corneal smear.The patient had a slow but significant recovery over four months and was discharged from the hospital in stable condition with severe neurological sequelae.Conclusion:We report a unique case of survival after infection with a universally fatal disease.
文摘The practice of cardiac auscultation is a critical tool used by physicians to detect alterations in the cardiovascular system. A case of both left and right sided endocarditis initially detected by electronic auscultation in a woman with a history of injection drug use is described. The electronic stethoscope, with the ability to amplify heart sounds, established the presence of both a systolic and diastolic murmur when standard auscultation failed to detect the diastolic component. Urgent standard echocardiography confirmed concurrent tricuspid and aortic valves endocarditis, and the patient was referred for surgical evaluation urgently. The present case demonstrates the value of the electronic stethoscope to amplify murmurs in the early detection of endocarditis. The case presented also serves as a useful reminder that right-sided endocarditis can have important leftsided complications.
文摘Coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)is a global pandemic where several comorbidities have been shown to have a significant effect on mortality.Patients with diabetes mellitus(DM)have a higher mortality rate than non-DM patients if they get COVID-19.Recent studies have indicated that patients with a history of diabetes can increase the risk of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection.Additionally,patients without any history of diabetes can acquire newonset DM when infected with COVID-19.Thus,there is a need to explore the bidirectional link between these two conditions,confirming the vicious loop between“DM/COVID-19”.This narrative review presents(1)the bidirectional association between the DM and COVID-19,(2)the manifestations of the DM/COVID-19 loop leading to cardiovascular disease,(3)an understanding of primary and secondary factors that influence mortality due to the DM/COVID-19 loop,(4)the role of vitamin-D in DM patients during COVID-19,and finally,(5)the monitoring tools for tracking atherosclerosis burden in DM patients during COVID-19 and“COVID-triggered DM”patients.We conclude that the bidirectional nature of DM/COVID-19 causes acceleration towards cardiovascular events.Due to this alarming condition,early monitoring of atherosclerotic burden is required in“Diabetes patients during COVID-19”or“new-onset Diabetes triggered by COVID-19 in Non-Diabetes patients”.
基金The authors wish to thank the Indian Council of Medical Research,New Delhi,India(45/15/2002/PHA/BMS)for financial assistance.
文摘Exposure to mercuric chloride(HgCl2;5 mg kg–1 body weight;i.p.)induced oxidative stress in mice and substantially increased lipid peroxidation(LPO)and oxidized glutathione(GSSG)levels,decreased the level of reduced glu-tathione(GSH)and various antioxidant enzymes in liver and also increased the activities of liver marker enzymes in serum.Therapy with propolis extract,a resinous wax-like beehive product(200 mg kg–1 orally,after mercury administration),for 3 days inhibited LPO and the formation of GSSG and increased the level of GSH in the liver.Release of serum transaminases,alkaline phosphatase,lactate dehydrogenase and-glutamyl transpeptidase were significantly restored after propolis treatment.The activities of antioxidant enzymes,that is,superoxide dismutase,catalase,glutathione-S-transferase and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase,were also concomitantly restored towards normal levels after propolis administration.These observations clearly demonstrate that propolis treatment augments antioxidant defense against mercury-induced toxicity and provide evidence that propolis has therapeutic potential as a hepatoprotective agent.
文摘Background: Our objective was to determine the assessment of cardiovascular risk by family physicians. Methods: A questionnaire was sent by mail or fax regarding both awareness and use of the various CV risk scores in southeastern Ontario. Results: Of 181 family physicians surveyed, 96% were aware of at least one CV risk score and 40% were aware of the JUPITER study. Despite this awareness, 72% simply counted risk factors to assess risk, rather than to calculate risk using established scoring methods. Only 23% used the JUPITER study criteria. This suggests an under-estimated of overall CV risk by family physician’s practicing in southeastern Ontario. Interpetation: Cardiovascular risk in primary care is being underestimated in southeastern Ontario. Additional knowledge translation strategies are required to enhance the family physician’s awareness and use of established risk scoring methods if we are to reduce the burden of CV disease.
