In order to diagnose a major depressive disorder, patients must have at least 5 depres-sive symptoms out of 9 criteria, present for at least two weeks. Depressive symptoms include absence of concentration, fatigue and...In order to diagnose a major depressive disorder, patients must have at least 5 depres-sive symptoms out of 9 criteria, present for at least two weeks. Depressive symptoms include absence of concentration, fatigue and suicidal ideation. The intensity of de-pression symptoms affects the severity of depression and the degree of the impact on the quality of life. Major depressive disorders (MDD) are defined as a significant health problem, and are estimated to rise in prevalence in the future years. Immune cytokine, associated with major depression for instance, is the interleukin IL-6 and tu-mor necrosis factor (TNF-α) which is defined as pro-inflammatory cytokines, can ac-tivate an inflammatory response. The effects of other inflammatory cytokines on the central nervous system are of controversy. There is an increasing interest about the ef-fect of cytokines derived from innate immune system on the brain and behavior. Cytokines are defined as large sized proteins, mainly produced by immune cells. Two subtypes of cytokines exist: pro-inflammatory cytokines, facilitating inflammatory re-sponses and neural activities;and anti-inflammatory cytokines, inhibiting inflammatory processes. Besides microglia and astrocytes, immune cells such as monocytes, macrophages, and lymphocytes also produce cytokines. At the times of immunological alterations, infections or inflammation, cytokines will be in an activated form. The main goal of the current review study is to investigate the role of the immune system in the depression disorder.展开更多
Objective： To determine the epidemio logical characteristics of fatal pedestrian accidents in Fats Province of Iran. Methods： This crosssectional study was conducted in Fats Province of Iran during a 29month period...Objective： To determine the epidemio logical characteristics of fatal pedestrian accidents in Fats Province of Iran. Methods： This crosssectional study was conducted in Fats Province of Iran during a 29month period from March 2009 to July 2011. The data were from the Fats Forensic Medi cine Registry, In 4 923 recorded road traffic accident fatalities, 971 deaths were due to pedestrian accidents. The demographic and accidentrelated information were analyzed by SPSS ver sion 11.5. P value less than 0.05 was considered significant. Results： The mean age of decedents was （47.2±26.2） years, ranging from 6 months to 103 years old. Males ac counted for 69.8% of all deaths. Fatal accidents were mostcommon in September; 56.1% of the fatal injuries occurred on intracity roads and 33.1% on extracity roads. Fatal head injuries were present in 60.54% of cases. Evaluation of the injury site and the cause of death found that they were significantly associated with age, interval between injury and death. Besides, the type of roads played an important role in mortality. Conclusion： Although the clinical management of trauma patients has been improved in our country in the recent decade, decreasing the burden of injuries needs co ordination among trauma system organizations.展开更多
Objective:To make evidence-based decisions based on broad mortality trends for Razavi Khorasan province,Iran.Methods:In order to determine the baseline number of deaths,we used univariate time series analyses for mont...Objective:To make evidence-based decisions based on broad mortality trends for Razavi Khorasan province,Iran.Methods:In order to determine the baseline number of deaths,we used univariate time series analyses for monthly data from the monthly vital statistics reports(From April 2015 to March 2022).For excess mortalities,these baselines were subtracted from reported deaths with a 95%prediction interval.To compare time and causes,a P-score was calculated.Results:From March 2020 to March 2022,there were 61949 registered deaths,and the estimated deaths with a 95%confidence interval(CI)were 43246.16(35718.28,50774.05).So,in 2020-2021 and 2021-2022,the death counts were 35.15%and 51.33%higher than projected.A total of 18666 cardiovascular diseases were reported and a total of 15704.46(12006.95,19401.96)was estimated.The P-score for this duration was 14.49%and 23.23%higher than expected.Infectious and parasitic diseases plus COVID-19 were 16633 and estimated to be 1044.87(456.77,1632.96).A total of 4420 diseases of the respiratory system were reported,and 4564.94 deaths were predicted(2277.43,6852.43).In the first year of the pandemic,the P-score dropped to-35.28%and in the second year,it jumped sharply to 22.38%.Conclusions:Excess mortality,along with cause-specific mortality,can be helpful for monitoring trends and developing public health policies at the local,national,and international levels.展开更多
A tunable continuous wave（cw） mid-infrared（MIR） laser based on difference-frequency generation（DFG） in a 1.5-cm long AgGaS2 nonlinear crystal for trace gas detection is reported.Two visible and near-infrared dio...A tunable continuous wave（cw） mid-infrared（MIR） laser based on difference-frequency generation（DFG） in a 1.5-cm long AgGaS2 nonlinear crystal for trace gas detection is reported.Two visible and near-infrared diode lasers were used as pump and signal sources.The MIR-DFG laser was tunable in a wavelength range of 4.75 μm-4.88 μm.The phase-matching（PM） condition was non-critically achieved by adjusting the temperature of the crystal for fixed pairs of input pump and signal wavelengths.The required PM temperatures of the generated MIR-DFG wavelengths have been calculated by using three sets of recent Sellmeier equations and the temperature-dispersion equations of AgGaS2 given by Willer U,et al.（Willer U,Blanke T and Schade W 2001 Appl.Opt.40 5439）.Then the calculated PM temperatures are compared with the experimental values.The performance of the MIR-DFG laser is shown by the trace detection of the P（16） carbon monoxide（12C16O） absorption line in a laboratory-fabricated absorption cell.The enhanced sensitivity of about 0.6×10 4 was obtained through the long path absorption provided by consecutive reflections between coated cylindrical mirrors of a constructed cell.展开更多
The Asmari Formation is a thick carbonate sequence of the Oligocene-Miocene in the Zagros Basin, southwest of Iran. This formation is located in Bandar Abbas and Coastal Fars regions on the following two sections: Ang...The Asmari Formation is a thick carbonate sequence of the Oligocene-Miocene in the Zagros Basin, southwest of Iran. This formation is located in Bandar Abbas and Coastal Fars regions on the following two sections: Anguro anticline (west-northwest of Bandar Abbas) and Gavbast anticline (southwest of Lar County). The Asmari Formation has diameters of 68 and 26 m in the Anguro and Gavbast sections, respectively. This formation is composed of limestone, dolomitic limestone and an altered form of marl. Based on the results of petrographic analyses, 7 facies were identified in the Anguro and Gavbast sections in the study region. The facies were deposited on the following 3 belts: tidal flat (MF 1 - 3), lagoon (MF 4 - 5) and open marine (MF 6, 7). According to evidence such as the gradual change of microfacies, the lack of main reef barriers, and the lack of slumping and sliding features, the Asmari Formation was formed in a marine environment of carbonate homoclinal ramp type. This environment is composed of the following two subenvironments: the inner ramp and the middle ramp. The comparison of the facies identified in the Anguro and Gavbast sections indicates that Gavbast section is mainly composed of lagoon facies. Moreover, the Anguro section demonstrates more facies diversity than Gavbast section.展开更多
The titanium oxide （TiO2） nanotubes have attracted attention for their use in dye-sensitized solar cells as photoanode. In this study semiconducting cadmium sulfide （CdS） nanoparticles arc grown on top opened TiO2...The titanium oxide （TiO2） nanotubes have attracted attention for their use in dye-sensitized solar cells as photoanode. In this study semiconducting cadmium sulfide （CdS） nanoparticles arc grown on top opened TiO2 nanotubes arrays by radio-frequency magnetron sputtering. X-ray diffraction, scanning electron mieroscopy, transmission electron microscopy and diffuse reflection spectra are used to study structural, morphological and optical properties of the CdS/TiO2 bilayer.展开更多
Titanium dioxide （TiO2） nanosheet, nanorod and nanotubes are synthesized using chemical vapor deposition （CVD） and anodizing processes. TiO2 nanosheets are grown on Ti foil which is coated with Au catalyst in CVD,...Titanium dioxide （TiO2） nanosheet, nanorod and nanotubes are synthesized using chemical vapor deposition （CVD） and anodizing processes. TiO2 nanosheets are grown on Ti foil which is coated with Au catalyst in CVD, TiO2 nanorods are synthesized on treated Ti foil with HCl by CVD, and TiO2 nanotubes are prepared by the three-step anodization method. Scanning electron microscopy shows the final TiO2 structures prepared using three processes with three different morphologies of nanosheet, nanorod and nanotube. X-ray diffraction verifies the presence of TiO2. TiO2 sheets and rods are crystalized in rutile phase, and TiO2 tubes after annealing turn into the anatase crystal phase. The optical investigations carried out by diffuse reflection spectroscopy reveal that the morphology of TiO2 nanostructures influencing their optical response and band gap energy of TiO2 is changed for different TiO2 nanostructures.展开更多
In this study,transient non-Fourier heat transfer in a solid cylinder is analytically solved based on dual-phase-lag for constant axial heat flux condition.Governing equations for the model are expressed in two-dimens...In this study,transient non-Fourier heat transfer in a solid cylinder is analytically solved based on dual-phase-lag for constant axial heat flux condition.Governing equations for the model are expressed in two-dimensional cylindrical coordinates;the equations are nondimensionalized and exact solution for the equations is presented by using the separation of variable method.Results showed that the dual-phase-lag model requires less time to meet the steady temperature compared with single-phase-lag model.On the contrary,thermal wave diffusion speed for the dual-phase-lag model is greater than the single-phase-lag model.Also the effect of relaxation time in dual-phase-lag model has been taken on consideration.展开更多
文摘In order to diagnose a major depressive disorder, patients must have at least 5 depres-sive symptoms out of 9 criteria, present for at least two weeks. Depressive symptoms include absence of concentration, fatigue and suicidal ideation. The intensity of de-pression symptoms affects the severity of depression and the degree of the impact on the quality of life. Major depressive disorders (MDD) are defined as a significant health problem, and are estimated to rise in prevalence in the future years. Immune cytokine, associated with major depression for instance, is the interleukin IL-6 and tu-mor necrosis factor (TNF-α) which is defined as pro-inflammatory cytokines, can ac-tivate an inflammatory response. The effects of other inflammatory cytokines on the central nervous system are of controversy. There is an increasing interest about the ef-fect of cytokines derived from innate immune system on the brain and behavior. Cytokines are defined as large sized proteins, mainly produced by immune cells. Two subtypes of cytokines exist: pro-inflammatory cytokines, facilitating inflammatory re-sponses and neural activities;and anti-inflammatory cytokines, inhibiting inflammatory processes. Besides microglia and astrocytes, immune cells such as monocytes, macrophages, and lymphocytes also produce cytokines. At the times of immunological alterations, infections or inflammation, cytokines will be in an activated form. The main goal of the current review study is to investigate the role of the immune system in the depression disorder.
文摘Objective： To determine the epidemio logical characteristics of fatal pedestrian accidents in Fats Province of Iran. Methods： This crosssectional study was conducted in Fats Province of Iran during a 29month period from March 2009 to July 2011. The data were from the Fats Forensic Medi cine Registry, In 4 923 recorded road traffic accident fatalities, 971 deaths were due to pedestrian accidents. The demographic and accidentrelated information were analyzed by SPSS ver sion 11.5. P value less than 0.05 was considered significant. Results： The mean age of decedents was （47.2±26.2） years, ranging from 6 months to 103 years old. Males ac counted for 69.8% of all deaths. Fatal accidents were mostcommon in September; 56.1% of the fatal injuries occurred on intracity roads and 33.1% on extracity roads. Fatal head injuries were present in 60.54% of cases. Evaluation of the injury site and the cause of death found that they were significantly associated with age, interval between injury and death. Besides, the type of roads played an important role in mortality. Conclusion： Although the clinical management of trauma patients has been improved in our country in the recent decade, decreasing the burden of injuries needs co ordination among trauma system organizations.
基金supported by Mashhad University of Medical Sciencesapproved by the Ethics Committee of Mashhad University of Medical Sciences(Ethics ID:IR.MUMS.REC.1400.144).
文摘Objective:To make evidence-based decisions based on broad mortality trends for Razavi Khorasan province,Iran.Methods:In order to determine the baseline number of deaths,we used univariate time series analyses for monthly data from the monthly vital statistics reports(From April 2015 to March 2022).For excess mortalities,these baselines were subtracted from reported deaths with a 95%prediction interval.To compare time and causes,a P-score was calculated.Results:From March 2020 to March 2022,there were 61949 registered deaths,and the estimated deaths with a 95%confidence interval(CI)were 43246.16(35718.28,50774.05).So,in 2020-2021 and 2021-2022,the death counts were 35.15%and 51.33%higher than projected.A total of 18666 cardiovascular diseases were reported and a total of 15704.46(12006.95,19401.96)was estimated.The P-score for this duration was 14.49%and 23.23%higher than expected.Infectious and parasitic diseases plus COVID-19 were 16633 and estimated to be 1044.87(456.77,1632.96).A total of 4420 diseases of the respiratory system were reported,and 4564.94 deaths were predicted(2277.43,6852.43).In the first year of the pandemic,the P-score dropped to-35.28%and in the second year,it jumped sharply to 22.38%.Conclusions:Excess mortality,along with cause-specific mortality,can be helpful for monitoring trends and developing public health policies at the local,national,and international levels.
文摘A tunable continuous wave（cw） mid-infrared（MIR） laser based on difference-frequency generation（DFG） in a 1.5-cm long AgGaS2 nonlinear crystal for trace gas detection is reported.Two visible and near-infrared diode lasers were used as pump and signal sources.The MIR-DFG laser was tunable in a wavelength range of 4.75 μm-4.88 μm.The phase-matching（PM） condition was non-critically achieved by adjusting the temperature of the crystal for fixed pairs of input pump and signal wavelengths.The required PM temperatures of the generated MIR-DFG wavelengths have been calculated by using three sets of recent Sellmeier equations and the temperature-dispersion equations of AgGaS2 given by Willer U,et al.（Willer U,Blanke T and Schade W 2001 Appl.Opt.40 5439）.Then the calculated PM temperatures are compared with the experimental values.The performance of the MIR-DFG laser is shown by the trace detection of the P（16） carbon monoxide（12C16O） absorption line in a laboratory-fabricated absorption cell.The enhanced sensitivity of about 0.6×10 4 was obtained through the long path absorption provided by consecutive reflections between coated cylindrical mirrors of a constructed cell.
文摘The Asmari Formation is a thick carbonate sequence of the Oligocene-Miocene in the Zagros Basin, southwest of Iran. This formation is located in Bandar Abbas and Coastal Fars regions on the following two sections: Anguro anticline (west-northwest of Bandar Abbas) and Gavbast anticline (southwest of Lar County). The Asmari Formation has diameters of 68 and 26 m in the Anguro and Gavbast sections, respectively. This formation is composed of limestone, dolomitic limestone and an altered form of marl. Based on the results of petrographic analyses, 7 facies were identified in the Anguro and Gavbast sections in the study region. The facies were deposited on the following 3 belts: tidal flat (MF 1 - 3), lagoon (MF 4 - 5) and open marine (MF 6, 7). According to evidence such as the gradual change of microfacies, the lack of main reef barriers, and the lack of slumping and sliding features, the Asmari Formation was formed in a marine environment of carbonate homoclinal ramp type. This environment is composed of the following two subenvironments: the inner ramp and the middle ramp. The comparison of the facies identified in the Anguro and Gavbast sections indicates that Gavbast section is mainly composed of lagoon facies. Moreover, the Anguro section demonstrates more facies diversity than Gavbast section.
文摘The titanium oxide （TiO2） nanotubes have attracted attention for their use in dye-sensitized solar cells as photoanode. In this study semiconducting cadmium sulfide （CdS） nanoparticles arc grown on top opened TiO2 nanotubes arrays by radio-frequency magnetron sputtering. X-ray diffraction, scanning electron mieroscopy, transmission electron microscopy and diffuse reflection spectra are used to study structural, morphological and optical properties of the CdS/TiO2 bilayer.
文摘Titanium dioxide （TiO2） nanosheet, nanorod and nanotubes are synthesized using chemical vapor deposition （CVD） and anodizing processes. TiO2 nanosheets are grown on Ti foil which is coated with Au catalyst in CVD, TiO2 nanorods are synthesized on treated Ti foil with HCl by CVD, and TiO2 nanotubes are prepared by the three-step anodization method. Scanning electron microscopy shows the final TiO2 structures prepared using three processes with three different morphologies of nanosheet, nanorod and nanotube. X-ray diffraction verifies the presence of TiO2. TiO2 sheets and rods are crystalized in rutile phase, and TiO2 tubes after annealing turn into the anatase crystal phase. The optical investigations carried out by diffuse reflection spectroscopy reveal that the morphology of TiO2 nanostructures influencing their optical response and band gap energy of TiO2 is changed for different TiO2 nanostructures.
文摘In this study,transient non-Fourier heat transfer in a solid cylinder is analytically solved based on dual-phase-lag for constant axial heat flux condition.Governing equations for the model are expressed in two-dimensional cylindrical coordinates;the equations are nondimensionalized and exact solution for the equations is presented by using the separation of variable method.Results showed that the dual-phase-lag model requires less time to meet the steady temperature compared with single-phase-lag model.On the contrary,thermal wave diffusion speed for the dual-phase-lag model is greater than the single-phase-lag model.Also the effect of relaxation time in dual-phase-lag model has been taken on consideration.
