Validated preclinical studies have provided evidence that anti-vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF) compounds enhance the activity of subsequent antitumor therapy, but the mechanism of this potentiation is far fro...Validated preclinical studies have provided evidence that anti-vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF) compounds enhance the activity of subsequent antitumor therapy, but the mechanism of this potentiation is far from clear. The most widespread explanation is enhanced delivery of therapeutics due to vascular remodeling, lower interstitial pressure, and increased blood flow. While the antiangiogenic efects on vascular morphology have been fairly consistent in both preclinical and clinical settings, the improvement of tumor vessel function is debated. This review focuses on the efect of anti-VEGF therapy on tumor microenvironment morphology and functions, and its therapeutic beneits when combined with other therapies. The uptake and spatial distribution of chemotherapeutic agents into the tumor after anti-VEGF are examined.展开更多
Kombucha is a beverage obtained by fermenting sweetened green or black tea with a symbiotic culture of bacteria and yeasts(SCOBY),which claims nutritional characteristics.As demand for kombucha increased,alternative e...Kombucha is a beverage obtained by fermenting sweetened green or black tea with a symbiotic culture of bacteria and yeasts(SCOBY),which claims nutritional characteristics.As demand for kombucha increased,alternative extracts to green or black tea such as herbs,fruits,milk,agro-industrial materials started to be used in fermentation,giving rise to kombucha-like beverages.The literature review shows that the procedure and conditions used to obtain kombucha-like beverages are similar to the traditional fermentation.However,some additional steps may be necessary to prepare the raw material for its use as an alternative to green or black tea,the main approaches being highlighted in this review.Bioactive compounds(mainly phenolics)are considered one of the main attractions of kombucha due to their antioxidant characteristics.It is observed that,regardless of the extract used,the bioactive compounds(mainly phenolics)and also the antioxidant activity tend to increase during the fermentation of these beverages.Thus,the use of alternative raw materials to tea for the preparation of kombucha is viable and tends to serve a wide range of products according to different regions of the world.These new beverages have similar characteristics to the traditional beverage and respect the diversity of consumer market trends.展开更多
AIM:To evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of contrastenhanced ultrasonography(CEUS)in the differential diagnosis between neoplastic and non-neoplastic peripheral pleuro-pulmonary lesions.METHODS:One hundred patients wit...AIM:To evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of contrastenhanced ultrasonography(CEUS)in the differential diagnosis between neoplastic and non-neoplastic peripheral pleuro-pulmonary lesions.METHODS:One hundred patients with pleural or peripheral pulmonary lesions underwent thoracic CEUS.An 8 microliters/mL solution of sulfur hexafluoride microbubbles stabilized by a phospholipid shell(SonoVue)was used as US contrast agent.The clips were stored and independently reviewed by two readers,who recorded the following parameters:presence/absence of arterial enhancement,time to enhancement(TE),extent of enhancement(EE),pattern of enhancement(PE),presence/absence of wash-out,time to wash-out,and extent of wash-out.After the final diagnosis(based on histopathologic findings or follow-up of at least 15 mo)was reached,sensitivity,specificity,positive predictive value(PPV),negative predictive value(NPV),positive likelihood ratio(PLR),negative likelihood ratio(NLR)of each CEUS parameter in the differential diagnosis between neoplastic and nonneoplastic lesions were calculated.Furthermore,an arbitrary score based on the ratio between the PPVs of each CEUS parameter was calculated,to evaluate if some relationship could exist between overall CEUS behaviour and neoplastic or non-neoplastic nature of the lesions.展开更多
基金supported by Grants from the Italian Association for Cancer Research(IG14532 and 12182 to RG)the Fondazione CARIPLO(No.2011-0614 to MC)
文摘Validated preclinical studies have provided evidence that anti-vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF) compounds enhance the activity of subsequent antitumor therapy, but the mechanism of this potentiation is far from clear. The most widespread explanation is enhanced delivery of therapeutics due to vascular remodeling, lower interstitial pressure, and increased blood flow. While the antiangiogenic efects on vascular morphology have been fairly consistent in both preclinical and clinical settings, the improvement of tumor vessel function is debated. This review focuses on the efect of anti-VEGF therapy on tumor microenvironment morphology and functions, and its therapeutic beneits when combined with other therapies. The uptake and spatial distribution of chemotherapeutic agents into the tumor after anti-VEGF are examined.
基金The authors are grateful to CAPES-PRINT,project number 88887.310560/2018-00.
文摘Kombucha is a beverage obtained by fermenting sweetened green or black tea with a symbiotic culture of bacteria and yeasts(SCOBY),which claims nutritional characteristics.As demand for kombucha increased,alternative extracts to green or black tea such as herbs,fruits,milk,agro-industrial materials started to be used in fermentation,giving rise to kombucha-like beverages.The literature review shows that the procedure and conditions used to obtain kombucha-like beverages are similar to the traditional fermentation.However,some additional steps may be necessary to prepare the raw material for its use as an alternative to green or black tea,the main approaches being highlighted in this review.Bioactive compounds(mainly phenolics)are considered one of the main attractions of kombucha due to their antioxidant characteristics.It is observed that,regardless of the extract used,the bioactive compounds(mainly phenolics)and also the antioxidant activity tend to increase during the fermentation of these beverages.Thus,the use of alternative raw materials to tea for the preparation of kombucha is viable and tends to serve a wide range of products according to different regions of the world.These new beverages have similar characteristics to the traditional beverage and respect the diversity of consumer market trends.
文摘AIM:To evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of contrastenhanced ultrasonography(CEUS)in the differential diagnosis between neoplastic and non-neoplastic peripheral pleuro-pulmonary lesions.METHODS:One hundred patients with pleural or peripheral pulmonary lesions underwent thoracic CEUS.An 8 microliters/mL solution of sulfur hexafluoride microbubbles stabilized by a phospholipid shell(SonoVue)was used as US contrast agent.The clips were stored and independently reviewed by two readers,who recorded the following parameters:presence/absence of arterial enhancement,time to enhancement(TE),extent of enhancement(EE),pattern of enhancement(PE),presence/absence of wash-out,time to wash-out,and extent of wash-out.After the final diagnosis(based on histopathologic findings or follow-up of at least 15 mo)was reached,sensitivity,specificity,positive predictive value(PPV),negative predictive value(NPV),positive likelihood ratio(PLR),negative likelihood ratio(NLR)of each CEUS parameter in the differential diagnosis between neoplastic and nonneoplastic lesions were calculated.Furthermore,an arbitrary score based on the ratio between the PPVs of each CEUS parameter was calculated,to evaluate if some relationship could exist between overall CEUS behaviour and neoplastic or non-neoplastic nature of the lesions.
