Wireless Sensor Network(WSN)technology is the real-time applica-tion that is growing rapidly as the result of smart environments.Battery power is one of the most significant resources in WSN.For enhancing a power facto...Wireless Sensor Network(WSN)technology is the real-time applica-tion that is growing rapidly as the result of smart environments.Battery power is one of the most significant resources in WSN.For enhancing a power factor,the clustering techniques are used.During the forward of data in WSN,more power is consumed.In the existing system,it works with Load Balanced Cluster-ing Method(LBCM)and provides the lifespan of the network with scalability and reliability.In the existing system,it does not deal with end-to-end delay and deliv-ery of packets.For overcoming these issues in WSN,the proposed Genetic Algo-rithm based on Chicken Swarm Optimization(GA-CSO)with Load Balanced Clustering Method(LBCM)is used.Genetic Algorithm generates chromosomes in an arbitrary method then the chromosomes values are calculated using Fitness Function.Chicken Swarm Optimization(CSO)helps to solve the complex opti-mization problems.Also,it consists of chickens,hens,and rooster.It divides the chicken into clusters.Load Balanced Clustering Method(LBCM)maintains the energy during communication among the sensor nodes and also it balances the load in the gateways.The proposed GA-CSO with LBCM improves the life-span of the network.Moreover,it minimizes the energy consumption and also bal-ances the load over the network.The proposed method outperforms by using the following metrics such as energy efficiency,ratio of packet delivery,throughput of the network,lifetime of the sensor nodes.Therefore,the evaluation result shows the energy efficiency that has achieved 83.56%and the delivery ratio of the packet has reached 99.12%.Also,it has attained linear standard deviation and reduced the end-to-end delay as 97.32 ms.展开更多
BACKGROUND Understanding the transmission dynamics of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)infection among healthcare workers(HCWs)and their social contacts is crucial to plan appropriate risk-re...BACKGROUND Understanding the transmission dynamics of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)infection among healthcare workers(HCWs)and their social contacts is crucial to plan appropriate risk-reduction measures.AIM To analyze the socio-demographic risk factors and transmission of SARS-CoV-2 infection among HCWs in two tertiary care hospitals in Dubai,United Arab Emirates.METHODS The demographic and clinical characteristics were available for all HCWs in both facilities from the human resources department.A cross-sectional survey was conducted from January-April 2022 among HCWs who tested positive through Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction of the nasopharyngeal swab for SARS-CoV-2 between March 2020 and August 2021 in two tertiary-level hospitals.The survey included questions on demographics,work profile,characteristics of coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19),and infection among their household or co-workers.The survey also checked the knowledge and perception of participants on the infection prevention measures related to SARS-CoV-2.RESULTS Out of a total of 346 HCWs infected with SARS-CoV-2,286(82.7%)HCWs consented to participate in this study.From the sample population,150(52.5%)of participants were female,and a majority(230,80.4%)were frontline HCWs,including 121 nurses(121,42.4%).Only 48(16.8%)participants were fully vaccinated at the time of infection.Most infected HCWs(85%)were unaware of any unprotected exposure and were symptomatic at the time of testing(225,78.7%).Nearly half of the participants(140,49%)had co-infection among household,and nearly one-third(29.5%)had coinfection among three or more household.Another 108(37.8%)participants reported crossinfection among co-workers.The frontline HCWs were significantly more infected(25.1%vs 8.6%,P<0.001)compared to non-frontline HCWs.Another significant risk factor for a high infection rate was male sex(P<0.001).Among the infected frontline HCWs,a significantly higher proportion were male and shared accommodation with family展开更多
A total, 25 different ground-water samples collected in Mundaragi taluk in of Gadag district, Karnataka, India to appraise the distribution of Fluoride. pH of collected groundwater <span style="font-family:Ver...A total, 25 different ground-water samples collected in Mundaragi taluk in of Gadag district, Karnataka, India to appraise the distribution of Fluoride. pH of collected groundwater <span style="font-family:Verdana;">is</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> shown alkaline in nature and ranged between 7.18 and 9.32 with a mean value of 8.36. Fluoride content ranged between 0.86 to 4.63 mg/L in ground water samples, with minimum value 0.86 mg/L (MGK24) and maximum value 4.63 mg/L (MGK20). 48% of samples indicated fluoride content below 1.4 mg/L and 32% samples indicated fluoride content in between 2.0 and 3.0 mg/L. Followed by 8% of the samples showed fluoride content ranges above 3.1. The public from villagers have been used high fluoride-bearing groundwater for drinking prolonged period and suffering from fluorosis. Analytical values also predict that occurrence of minerals like apatite, fluorspar, topaz and mica get</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">s</span><span style="font-family:;" "=""><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> processed naturally and releases fluoride into the lithosphere and percolates into ground water. The present study also helps find out a suitable adsorbent for removal of Fluoride in ground water. However, with respect to chemistry of water, the cation and anion balance of all the 25 groundwater samples were inside the recognized limit of ±10%. The fluoride content is maximum in Na</span><sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;">+</span></sup></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">-<img src="Edit_04fa233b-aa2a-47ad-a491-39828d59bdd0.png" alt="" /></span><span></span><span style="font-family:;" "=""><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> type and low in Ca</span><sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;">2+</span></sup></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">-<img src="Edit_0863c8a9-9ac9-4b34-9c5d-e34960b64703.png" alt="" /></span><span></span><span style="font-family:;" "=""><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> type groundwater in the Mundaragi Taluk. Furthermore, <img src="Edit_31ab9展开更多
Seaweeds are the natural marine algae which have several properties to act as natural preservatives to extend the shelf life of perishable foods without affecting their quality and causing side effects.Locally availab...Seaweeds are the natural marine algae which have several properties to act as natural preservatives to extend the shelf life of perishable foods without affecting their quality and causing side effects.Locally available and cheap fruits such as tomato are perishable very easily due to its high water content.Seaweed gel coating is a good choice,easily available and cheap natural preservative abundantly available in the Indian coasts.The present study was undertaken to extend the shelf life of the tomatoes using seaweed gel coating at different concentrations.Two seaweeds namely Kappaphycus alvarezii(red algae)and Sargassum tenerrimum(brown algae)was selected due to their high gelling property.Selected seaweeds were collected in dry form from Aqua Agri Processing Limited,Mana Madurai(SIPCOT)Tamil Nadu,India.The seaweed extracts were tested for phytonutrients,antibacterial and anti-fungal activity using standard procedures.The shelf life of seaweed coated tomatoes using different concentrations of the seaweed extract(gel)was tested.From the results,it is understood that the phytonutrients namely flavonoids,steroids,saponins and tannins are present in both the selected seaweeds.Antibacterial and antifungal activity of Kappaphycus alvarezii showed higher inhibition zone than S.tenerrimum against common pathogens.Quality characteristics and shelf life evaluation was based on water loss,texture,ascorbic acid content,juice content,total soluble solids(TSS),total acidity and TSS/total acidity ratio,respectively.The results pointed out that K.alvarezii was the most effective in maintaining the quality characteristics of tomato fruits and it also supports the fruit quality during storage period than S.tenerrimum.Thus,from the results of the study it is concluded that the better quality characteristics and shelf life of tomatoes can be increased by coating seaweed gel and it can be used as a bio preservative in fruit and vegetable preservation.展开更多
Heterotopic pancreas is an aberration in the developmental profile of the pancreas.This entity is rarely symptomatic and its malignant transformation is even rarer.However,when present,it poses a diagnostic dilemma to...Heterotopic pancreas is an aberration in the developmental profile of the pancreas.This entity is rarely symptomatic and its malignant transformation is even rarer.However,when present,it poses a diagnostic dilemma to clinicians,as little help comes from gastroenteroscopy and imaging.Surgical exploration remains the only option at times,and it is the histopathological examination that finally clears the mist.This case report reveals the elusive nature of malignancy in heterotopic pancreas in the duodenum.展开更多
A popular hypothesis of in situ transformation of amphibolite facies gneisses to patchy charnockites by CO2 influx from mantle was proposed primarily from the Kabbaldurga quarries in South Karnataka and subsequently r...A popular hypothesis of in situ transformation of amphibolite facies gneisses to patchy charnockites by CO2 influx from mantle was proposed primarily from the Kabbaldurga quarries in South Karnataka and subsequently reported from several south Indian localities. However, presence of abundant mafic granulite enclaves in Kabbaldurga and its neighborhood and its implications in relation to patchy charnockite genesis were not discussed. In these quarries patchy charnockites occur in various modes and associations. Some of these patches do occupy structural weak zones, such as shear bands and fold noses in the migmatitic gneisses, but many of the patchy charnockite bodies occur as branching veins transecting the gneissic foliation and hence do not account for fluid pathways. Most importantly, charnockitic leucosomes at margins of mafic granulite enclaves and charnockitic veins within some mafic granulite enclaves indicate a close genetic link between them via dehydration partial melting. This is further corroborated by trace element distribution between them. Dehydration partial melting in mafic rocks in a migmatite terrain such as Kabbaldurga, can explain all the different modes of the patchy charnockites as various stages of segregation and mobility relative to deformation. Abundant mafic granulite enclaves and field features suggesting a relatively late origin of the patchy charnockites, are compelling evidence against the notion of a transition zone. Mantle derivation age of the mafic source rocks (protoliths of mafic granulites) at Kabbaldurga at 3.08 ± 0.08 Ga with small positive ? values is virtually identical to the source of the massive charnockite of Karnataka craton at 3.08 Ga. This could imply a widespread mafic magmatism in South India around 3.0 Ga.展开更多
Paraduodenal hernia(PDH),a rare congenital anomaly,is a type of internal hernia which occurs due to a defect in the reduction and rotation of the midgut.On anatomical and embryological basis,PDH can be broadly divided...Paraduodenal hernia(PDH),a rare congenital anomaly,is a type of internal hernia which occurs due to a defect in the reduction and rotation of the midgut.On anatomical and embryological basis,PDH can be broadly divided into right-and Left PDH.Right PDH is rarer than its counterpart.We present two cases of Right PDH.The patientsy presented with a history of recurrent intestinal obstruction since childhood,which was managed conservatively,without a definitive diagnosis.Once they presented to us,a detailed clinical history and a barium meal follow-through clinched the diagnosis of PDH.Intra-operative findings correlated well with the clinical diagnosis.The jejunal loops had herniated through the fossa of Waldeyer.Reduction of hernia contents and excision of the hernia sac was carried out.Post-operatively,the patients are healthy and symptom-free at 4 and 3 years follow-up,respectively.The rarity of this condition and the need for early diagnosis,to prevent the high risk of bowel obstruction and strangulation,makes PDH one of the difficult challenges for the clinicians.展开更多
In a non-static information exchange network,routing is an overly com-plex task to perform,which has to satisfy all the needs of the network.Software Defined Network(SDN)is the latest and widely used technology in the ...In a non-static information exchange network,routing is an overly com-plex task to perform,which has to satisfy all the needs of the network.Software Defined Network(SDN)is the latest and widely used technology in the future communication networks,which would provide smart routing that is visible uni-versally.The various features of routing are supported by the information centric network,which minimizes the congestion in the dataflow in a network and pro-vides the content awareness through its mined mastery.Due to the advantages of the information centric network,the concepts of the information-centric net-work has been used in the paper to enable an optimal routing in the software-defined networks.Although there are many advantages in the information-centric network,there are some disadvantages due to the non-static communication prop-erties,which affects the routing in SDN.In this regard,artificial intelligence meth-odology has been used in the proposed approach to solve these difficulties.A detailed analysis has been conducted to map the content awareness with deep learning and deep reinforcement learning with routing.The novel aligned internet investigation technique has been proposed to process the deep reinforcement learning.The performance evaluation of the proposed systems has been con-ducted among various existing approaches and results in optimal load balancing,usage of the bandwidth,and maximization in the throughput of the network.展开更多
基金supported by a grant of the Korea Health Technology R&D Project through the Korea Health Industry Development Institute(KHIDI)funded by the Ministry of Health&Welfare,Republic of Korea(Grant Number:HI21C1831)the Soonchunhyang University Research Fund.
文摘Wireless Sensor Network(WSN)technology is the real-time applica-tion that is growing rapidly as the result of smart environments.Battery power is one of the most significant resources in WSN.For enhancing a power factor,the clustering techniques are used.During the forward of data in WSN,more power is consumed.In the existing system,it works with Load Balanced Cluster-ing Method(LBCM)and provides the lifespan of the network with scalability and reliability.In the existing system,it does not deal with end-to-end delay and deliv-ery of packets.For overcoming these issues in WSN,the proposed Genetic Algo-rithm based on Chicken Swarm Optimization(GA-CSO)with Load Balanced Clustering Method(LBCM)is used.Genetic Algorithm generates chromosomes in an arbitrary method then the chromosomes values are calculated using Fitness Function.Chicken Swarm Optimization(CSO)helps to solve the complex opti-mization problems.Also,it consists of chickens,hens,and rooster.It divides the chicken into clusters.Load Balanced Clustering Method(LBCM)maintains the energy during communication among the sensor nodes and also it balances the load in the gateways.The proposed GA-CSO with LBCM improves the life-span of the network.Moreover,it minimizes the energy consumption and also bal-ances the load over the network.The proposed method outperforms by using the following metrics such as energy efficiency,ratio of packet delivery,throughput of the network,lifetime of the sensor nodes.Therefore,the evaluation result shows the energy efficiency that has achieved 83.56%and the delivery ratio of the packet has reached 99.12%.Also,it has attained linear standard deviation and reduced the end-to-end delay as 97.32 ms.
文摘BACKGROUND Understanding the transmission dynamics of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)infection among healthcare workers(HCWs)and their social contacts is crucial to plan appropriate risk-reduction measures.AIM To analyze the socio-demographic risk factors and transmission of SARS-CoV-2 infection among HCWs in two tertiary care hospitals in Dubai,United Arab Emirates.METHODS The demographic and clinical characteristics were available for all HCWs in both facilities from the human resources department.A cross-sectional survey was conducted from January-April 2022 among HCWs who tested positive through Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction of the nasopharyngeal swab for SARS-CoV-2 between March 2020 and August 2021 in two tertiary-level hospitals.The survey included questions on demographics,work profile,characteristics of coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19),and infection among their household or co-workers.The survey also checked the knowledge and perception of participants on the infection prevention measures related to SARS-CoV-2.RESULTS Out of a total of 346 HCWs infected with SARS-CoV-2,286(82.7%)HCWs consented to participate in this study.From the sample population,150(52.5%)of participants were female,and a majority(230,80.4%)were frontline HCWs,including 121 nurses(121,42.4%).Only 48(16.8%)participants were fully vaccinated at the time of infection.Most infected HCWs(85%)were unaware of any unprotected exposure and were symptomatic at the time of testing(225,78.7%).Nearly half of the participants(140,49%)had co-infection among household,and nearly one-third(29.5%)had coinfection among three or more household.Another 108(37.8%)participants reported crossinfection among co-workers.The frontline HCWs were significantly more infected(25.1%vs 8.6%,P<0.001)compared to non-frontline HCWs.Another significant risk factor for a high infection rate was male sex(P<0.001).Among the infected frontline HCWs,a significantly higher proportion were male and shared accommodation with family
文摘A total, 25 different ground-water samples collected in Mundaragi taluk in of Gadag district, Karnataka, India to appraise the distribution of Fluoride. pH of collected groundwater <span style="font-family:Verdana;">is</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> shown alkaline in nature and ranged between 7.18 and 9.32 with a mean value of 8.36. Fluoride content ranged between 0.86 to 4.63 mg/L in ground water samples, with minimum value 0.86 mg/L (MGK24) and maximum value 4.63 mg/L (MGK20). 48% of samples indicated fluoride content below 1.4 mg/L and 32% samples indicated fluoride content in between 2.0 and 3.0 mg/L. Followed by 8% of the samples showed fluoride content ranges above 3.1. The public from villagers have been used high fluoride-bearing groundwater for drinking prolonged period and suffering from fluorosis. Analytical values also predict that occurrence of minerals like apatite, fluorspar, topaz and mica get</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">s</span><span style="font-family:;" "=""><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> processed naturally and releases fluoride into the lithosphere and percolates into ground water. The present study also helps find out a suitable adsorbent for removal of Fluoride in ground water. However, with respect to chemistry of water, the cation and anion balance of all the 25 groundwater samples were inside the recognized limit of ±10%. The fluoride content is maximum in Na</span><sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;">+</span></sup></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">-<img src="Edit_04fa233b-aa2a-47ad-a491-39828d59bdd0.png" alt="" /></span><span></span><span style="font-family:;" "=""><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> type and low in Ca</span><sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;">2+</span></sup></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">-<img src="Edit_0863c8a9-9ac9-4b34-9c5d-e34960b64703.png" alt="" /></span><span></span><span style="font-family:;" "=""><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> type groundwater in the Mundaragi Taluk. Furthermore, <img src="Edit_31ab9
文摘Seaweeds are the natural marine algae which have several properties to act as natural preservatives to extend the shelf life of perishable foods without affecting their quality and causing side effects.Locally available and cheap fruits such as tomato are perishable very easily due to its high water content.Seaweed gel coating is a good choice,easily available and cheap natural preservative abundantly available in the Indian coasts.The present study was undertaken to extend the shelf life of the tomatoes using seaweed gel coating at different concentrations.Two seaweeds namely Kappaphycus alvarezii(red algae)and Sargassum tenerrimum(brown algae)was selected due to their high gelling property.Selected seaweeds were collected in dry form from Aqua Agri Processing Limited,Mana Madurai(SIPCOT)Tamil Nadu,India.The seaweed extracts were tested for phytonutrients,antibacterial and anti-fungal activity using standard procedures.The shelf life of seaweed coated tomatoes using different concentrations of the seaweed extract(gel)was tested.From the results,it is understood that the phytonutrients namely flavonoids,steroids,saponins and tannins are present in both the selected seaweeds.Antibacterial and antifungal activity of Kappaphycus alvarezii showed higher inhibition zone than S.tenerrimum against common pathogens.Quality characteristics and shelf life evaluation was based on water loss,texture,ascorbic acid content,juice content,total soluble solids(TSS),total acidity and TSS/total acidity ratio,respectively.The results pointed out that K.alvarezii was the most effective in maintaining the quality characteristics of tomato fruits and it also supports the fruit quality during storage period than S.tenerrimum.Thus,from the results of the study it is concluded that the better quality characteristics and shelf life of tomatoes can be increased by coating seaweed gel and it can be used as a bio preservative in fruit and vegetable preservation.
文摘Heterotopic pancreas is an aberration in the developmental profile of the pancreas.This entity is rarely symptomatic and its malignant transformation is even rarer.However,when present,it poses a diagnostic dilemma to clinicians,as little help comes from gastroenteroscopy and imaging.Surgical exploration remains the only option at times,and it is the histopathological examination that finally clears the mist.This case report reveals the elusive nature of malignancy in heterotopic pancreas in the duodenum.
文摘A popular hypothesis of in situ transformation of amphibolite facies gneisses to patchy charnockites by CO2 influx from mantle was proposed primarily from the Kabbaldurga quarries in South Karnataka and subsequently reported from several south Indian localities. However, presence of abundant mafic granulite enclaves in Kabbaldurga and its neighborhood and its implications in relation to patchy charnockite genesis were not discussed. In these quarries patchy charnockites occur in various modes and associations. Some of these patches do occupy structural weak zones, such as shear bands and fold noses in the migmatitic gneisses, but many of the patchy charnockite bodies occur as branching veins transecting the gneissic foliation and hence do not account for fluid pathways. Most importantly, charnockitic leucosomes at margins of mafic granulite enclaves and charnockitic veins within some mafic granulite enclaves indicate a close genetic link between them via dehydration partial melting. This is further corroborated by trace element distribution between them. Dehydration partial melting in mafic rocks in a migmatite terrain such as Kabbaldurga, can explain all the different modes of the patchy charnockites as various stages of segregation and mobility relative to deformation. Abundant mafic granulite enclaves and field features suggesting a relatively late origin of the patchy charnockites, are compelling evidence against the notion of a transition zone. Mantle derivation age of the mafic source rocks (protoliths of mafic granulites) at Kabbaldurga at 3.08 ± 0.08 Ga with small positive ? values is virtually identical to the source of the massive charnockite of Karnataka craton at 3.08 Ga. This could imply a widespread mafic magmatism in South India around 3.0 Ga.
文摘Paraduodenal hernia(PDH),a rare congenital anomaly,is a type of internal hernia which occurs due to a defect in the reduction and rotation of the midgut.On anatomical and embryological basis,PDH can be broadly divided into right-and Left PDH.Right PDH is rarer than its counterpart.We present two cases of Right PDH.The patientsy presented with a history of recurrent intestinal obstruction since childhood,which was managed conservatively,without a definitive diagnosis.Once they presented to us,a detailed clinical history and a barium meal follow-through clinched the diagnosis of PDH.Intra-operative findings correlated well with the clinical diagnosis.The jejunal loops had herniated through the fossa of Waldeyer.Reduction of hernia contents and excision of the hernia sac was carried out.Post-operatively,the patients are healthy and symptom-free at 4 and 3 years follow-up,respectively.The rarity of this condition and the need for early diagnosis,to prevent the high risk of bowel obstruction and strangulation,makes PDH one of the difficult challenges for the clinicians.
文摘In a non-static information exchange network,routing is an overly com-plex task to perform,which has to satisfy all the needs of the network.Software Defined Network(SDN)is the latest and widely used technology in the future communication networks,which would provide smart routing that is visible uni-versally.The various features of routing are supported by the information centric network,which minimizes the congestion in the dataflow in a network and pro-vides the content awareness through its mined mastery.Due to the advantages of the information centric network,the concepts of the information-centric net-work has been used in the paper to enable an optimal routing in the software-defined networks.Although there are many advantages in the information-centric network,there are some disadvantages due to the non-static communication prop-erties,which affects the routing in SDN.In this regard,artificial intelligence meth-odology has been used in the proposed approach to solve these difficulties.A detailed analysis has been conducted to map the content awareness with deep learning and deep reinforcement learning with routing.The novel aligned internet investigation technique has been proposed to process the deep reinforcement learning.The performance evaluation of the proposed systems has been con-ducted among various existing approaches and results in optimal load balancing,usage of the bandwidth,and maximization in the throughput of the network.
