Magnesium alloy(AZ91D)composites reinforced with silicon carbide particle with different volume percentage were fabricated by two step stir casting process.The effect of changes in particle size and volume fraction of...Magnesium alloy(AZ91D)composites reinforced with silicon carbide particle with different volume percentage were fabricated by two step stir casting process.The effect of changes in particle size and volume fraction of SiC particles on physical and mechanical properties of composites were evaluated under as cast and heat treated(T6)conditions.The experimental results were compared with the standard theoretical models.The results reveal that the mechanical properties of composites increased with increasing SiC particles and decrease with increasing particle size.Distribution of particles and fractured surface were studied through SEM and the presence of elements is revealed by EDS study.展开更多
Lipase production by Candida rugosa was carried out in submerged fermentation.Plackett-Burman statisticalexperimental design was applied to evaluate the fermentation medium components.The effect of twelve medium compo...Lipase production by Candida rugosa was carried out in submerged fermentation.Plackett-Burman statisticalexperimental design was applied to evaluate the fermentation medium components.The effect of twelve medium components was studied in sixteen experimental trials.Glucose,olive oil,peptone and FeCl3·6H2O were found to have more significance on lipase production by Candida rugosa.Maximum lipase activity of 3.8 u mL-1 was obtained at 50h of fermentation period.The fermentation was carried out at optimized temperature of 3℃,initial pH of 6.8 and shaking speed of 120 r/min.Unstructured kinetic models were used to simulate the experimental data.Logistic model,Luedeking-Piret model and modified Luedeking-Piret model were found suitable to efficiently predict the cell mass,lipase production and glucose consumption respectively with high determination coefficient(R2).From the estimated values of the Luedeking-Piret kinetic model parameters,α and β,it was found that the lipase production by Candida rugosa is growth associated.展开更多
Progressive neuroblastomas(pNBs)that defy current intensive multimodal clinical therapy(IMCT)are a significant contributor to overall childhood cancer deaths[l].Neuroblastomas(NBs)that survive first-line IMCT actively...Progressive neuroblastomas(pNBs)that defy current intensive multimodal clinical therapy(IMCT)are a significant contributor to overall childhood cancer deaths[l].Neuroblastomas(NBs)that survive first-line IMCT actively evolve to acquire genetic and molecular rearrangements and display unparalleled plasticity and evolution,which causes frequent relapses in a rapidly accelerating timeline[2-4].展开更多
The direct reuse of retired lithium-ion batteries(LIBs)cathode materials is one of the optimum choices for"waste-to-wealth"by virtue of sustainable and high economic efficiency.Considering the harmfulness of...The direct reuse of retired lithium-ion batteries(LIBs)cathode materials is one of the optimum choices for"waste-to-wealth"by virtue of sustainable and high economic efficiency.Considering the harmfulness of retired LIBs and the serious shortage of lithium resources,in this work,the spent oxide cathode materials after simple treatment are directly applied to the sodium-ion batteries(SIBs)and exhibit promising application possibilities in advanced SIBs.The spent oxide cathode shows an appropriate initial discharge capacity of 109 mAh·g^(-1)and exhibits transition and activation processes at a current density of 25 mA·g^(-1).Further,it demonstrates decent cycle performance and comparatively good electrode kinetics performance(the apparent ion diffusion coefficient at steady state is about 1×10^(-12)cm^(2)·s^(-1)).The"waste-towealth"concept of this work provides an economical and sustainable strategy for directly reusing the retired LIBs and supplies a large amount of raw material for the largescale application of SIBs.展开更多
This study utilizes ML classifiers to estimate canopy density based on three decades of data (1990-2021). The Support Vector Machine (SVM) classifier outperformed other classifiers, such as Random Tree and Maximum Lik...This study utilizes ML classifiers to estimate canopy density based on three decades of data (1990-2021). The Support Vector Machine (SVM) classifier outperformed other classifiers, such as Random Tree and Maximum Likelihood. Satellite data from Landsat and Sentinel 2 was classified using a developed python model, providing an economical and time-saving approach. The accuracy of the classification was evaluated through a confusion matrix and area computation. The findings indicate a negative trend in the overall decadal change, with significant tree loss attributed to jhum cultivation, mining, and quarry activities. However, positive changes were observed in recent years due to the ban on illegal mining. The study highlights the dynamic nature of tree cover and emphasizes the need for biennial assessments using at least five time-series data. Micro-level analysis in Shallang, West Khasi hills, revealed a concerning trend of shortening jhum cycles. Automation in canopy change analysis is crucial for effective forest monitoring, providing timely information for law enforcement proposals and involving forest managers, stakeholders, and watchdog organizations.展开更多
Neuroblastoma(NB)deriving from neural crest cells is the most common extra-cranial solid cancer at infancy.NB originates within the peripheral sympathetic ganglia in adrenal medulla and along the midline of the body.C...Neuroblastoma(NB)deriving from neural crest cells is the most common extra-cranial solid cancer at infancy.NB originates within the peripheral sympathetic ganglia in adrenal medulla and along the midline of the body.Clinically,NB exhibits significant heterogeneity stretching from spontaneous regression to rapid progression to therapy resistance.MicroRNAs(miRNAs,miRs)are small(19-22 nt in length)non-coding RNAs that regulate human gene expression at the post-transcriptional level and are known to regulate cellular signaling,growth,differentiation,death,stemness,and maintenance.Consequently,the function of miRs in tumorigenesis,progression and resistance is of utmost importance for the understanding of dysfunctional cellular pathways that lead to disease evolution,therapy resistance,and poor clinical outcomes.Over the last two decades,much attention has been devoted to understanding the functional roles of miRs in NB biology.This review focuses on highlighting the important implications of miRs within the context of NB disease progression,particularly miRs’influences on NB disease evolution and therapy resistance.In this review,we discuss the functions of both the“oncomiRs”and“tumor suppressor miRs”in NB progression/therapy resistance.These are the critical components to be considered during the development of novel miR-based therapeutic strategies to counter therapy resistance.展开更多
Neuroblastoma(NB),the most common cancer at infancy,is derived from a selective sympathoadrenal lineage of the neural crest cells[1-3].The majority of NB is found in children younger than 5 years(median age:2 years)an...Neuroblastoma(NB),the most common cancer at infancy,is derived from a selective sympathoadrenal lineage of the neural crest cells[1-3].The majority of NB is found in children younger than 5 years(median age:2 years)and is rare in children older than 10 years.Although NB accounts for only 5-6%of the childhood cancers,it heavily contributes(about 15%)to pediatric cancer deaths[4,5].展开更多
Demand for graphite in the forthcoming years to develop Li-ion batteries(LIBs)with the goal of driving electric vehicles(EV)and its requirement in multifarious energy storage applications as an electrode.The emerging ...Demand for graphite in the forthcoming years to develop Li-ion batteries(LIBs)with the goal of driving electric vehicles(EV)and its requirement in multifarious energy storage applications as an electrode.The emerging sector of LIB-based EVs,along with portable electronics,produces an inevitable volume of batteries in the e-waste stream.The main reason for the lower percentage of recycling(at present,<5%)is due to the recovery of economically rich metals like Li,Ni,and Co.However,complete recycling technologies,including the strategic material graphite,which is available in a massive amount of spent LIBs,are urgently needed to be updated to ensure the reuse of all components.This approach lifts the recycling process to develop an economic one besides the geostrategic and environmental policy aspects.Here,we summarize the importance of graphite and its demand and specify the reasons to recycle the graphite from spent LIBs along with its development as an anode in detail.Additionally,the approach of the current recycling process of graphite in lab-scale and industries for various applications,including energy storage,are discussed with the highlights of future progress.展开更多
Surface metal matrix composite is produced on the as cast Magnesium Rare Earth alloy-RZ 5 by single pass friction stir processing using various micro/nano sized reinforcement particles namely Boron Carbide(B_(4)C),Mul...Surface metal matrix composite is produced on the as cast Magnesium Rare Earth alloy-RZ 5 by single pass friction stir processing using various micro/nano sized reinforcement particles namely Boron Carbide(B_(4)C),Multi Walled Carbon Nano Tubes(MWCNTs),and a mixture of ZrO_(2)+Al_(2)O_(3)particles.Fine grained metal matrix composites having the grain size ranging 0.8μm to 1.87μm are achieved.Grain boundary pinning by the reinforcement particles has resulted in the transformation of coarse grained(∼81μm)base material into fine grained(<1μm)metal matrix composite.Finer grain structure and the presence of reinforcements at the stir zone have resulted in increased and improved mechanical properties of the developed composites.Microhardness ranging between 125 HV and 403 HV is achieved.Uni-axial Tensile Testing of the developed composites exhibited improvement in tensile strength.Metal matrix composites developed using various reinforcements exhibited an increase in strength ranges between 250 MPa and 320 MPa.展开更多
In an underdetermined system,compressive sensing can be used to recover the support vector.Greedy algorithms will recover the support vector indices in an iterative manner.Generalized Orthogonal Matching Pursuit(GOMP)...In an underdetermined system,compressive sensing can be used to recover the support vector.Greedy algorithms will recover the support vector indices in an iterative manner.Generalized Orthogonal Matching Pursuit(GOMP)is the generalized form of the Orthogonal Matching Pursuit(OMP)algorithm where a number of indices selected per iteration will be greater than or equal to 1.To recover the support vector of unknown signal‘x’from the compressed measurements,the restricted isometric property should be satisfied as a sufficient condition.Finding the restricted isometric constant is a non-deterministic polynomial-time hardness problem due to that the coherence of the sensing matrix can be used to derive the sufficient condition for support recovery.In this paper a sufficient condition based on the coherence parameter to recover the support vector indices of an unknown sparse signal‘x’using GOMP has been derived.The derived sufficient condition will recover support vectors of P-sparse signal within‘P’iterations.The recovery guarantee for GOMP is less restrictive,and applies to OMP when the number of selection elements equals one.Simulation shows the superior performance of the GOMP algorithm compared with other greedy algorithms.展开更多
The present study is to optimize the process parameters for friction welding of duplex stainless steel(DSS UNS S32205).Experiments were conducted according to central composite design.Process variables,as inputs of th...The present study is to optimize the process parameters for friction welding of duplex stainless steel(DSS UNS S32205).Experiments were conducted according to central composite design.Process variables,as inputs of the neural network,included friction pressure,upsetting pressure,speed and burn-off length.Tensile strength and microhardness were selected as the outputs of the neural networks.The weld metals had higher hardness and tensile strength than the base material due to grain refinement which caused failures away from the joint interface during tensile testing.Due to shorter heating time,no secondary phase intermetallic precipitation was observed in the weld joint.A multi-layer perceptron neural network was established for modeling purpose.Five various training algorithms,belonging to three classes,namely gradient descent,genetic algorithm and LevenbergeM arquardt,were used to train artificial neural network.The optimization was carried out by using particle swarm optimization method.Confirmation test was carried out by setting the optimized parameters.In conformation test,maximum tensile strength and maximum hardness obtained are 822 MPa and 322 Hv,respectively.The metallurgical investigations revealed that base metal,partially deformed zone and weld zone maintain austenite/ferrite proportion of 50:50.展开更多
UNS S 32205 duplex stainless steel specimens were joined by continuous drive friction welding process. The experiments were conducted as per the Taguchi（L16 orthogonal array） method. The friction welding process par...UNS S 32205 duplex stainless steel specimens were joined by continuous drive friction welding process. The experiments were conducted as per the Taguchi（L16 orthogonal array） method. The friction welding process parameters such as heating pressure, heating time, upsetting pressure, upsetting time, and speed of rotation were fixed with low,medium, and high levels of range based on the machine capacity, and the required knowledge was acquired from the preliminary experiments. The joint characterization studies included micro structural examination and evaluation of mechanical properties of the joints. Microhardness variation, impact toughness, and tensile strength of the joints were evaluated. Neither a crack nor an incomplete bonding zone was observed. The tensile strength of the joints was higher than the strength of the base material, and the friction and upsetting pressures were found to influence the joint strength. The tensile strength of all the welds was observed to be increasing with an increase in the rotational speed. The toughness of the friction welds was evaluated at room temperature and also at subzero（cryo） temperature conditions. The toughness for friction welds was found to be superior to the fusion welds of duplex stainless steel at room temperature and cryo conditions. Weldments exhibited better corrosion resistance than the parent material.展开更多
The optimum friction welding （FW） parameters of duplex stainless steel （DSS） UNS $32205 joint was determined. The experiment was carried out as the central composite array of 30 experiments. The selected input par...The optimum friction welding （FW） parameters of duplex stainless steel （DSS） UNS $32205 joint was determined. The experiment was carried out as the central composite array of 30 experiments. The selected input parameters were friction pressure （F）, upset pressure （U）, speed （S） and burn-off length （B）, and responses were hardness and ultimate tensile strength. To achieve the quality of the welded joint, the ultimate tensile strength and hardness were maximized, and response surface methodology （RSM） was applied to create separate regression equations of tensile strength and hardness. Intelligent optimization technique such as genetic algorithm was used to predict the Pareto optimal solutions. Depending upon the application, preferred suitable welding parameters were selected. It was inferred that the changing hardness and tensile strength of the friction welded joint influenced the upset pressure, friction Pressure and speed of rotation.展开更多
Use of a buttering deposit on ferritic steel in dissimilar metal weld（DMW） joint is a common practice in nuclear plants to connect pressure vessel components（ferritic steel） to pipelines（austenitic stainless stee...Use of a buttering deposit on ferritic steel in dissimilar metal weld（DMW） joint is a common practice in nuclear plants to connect pressure vessel components（ferritic steel） to pipelines（austenitic stainless steel）.Carbon migration and metallurgical changes near fusion interface（ferritic steel–austenitic stainless steel） lead to a steeper gradient in material properties,and minimizing this gradient is the major challenge in the manufacturing of DMW joints.Inconel 82 is often deposited on ferritic steel material as buttering to reducing the gradient of physical and attaining material compatibility.Inconel 82/182 fillers are used to minimize the carbon migration,but the results are not truly adequate.In this paper,Ni–Fe alloy（chromium-free） has been used as the intermediate buffer layer in the weld buttering deposit to address the issue of carbon migration and subsequent metallurgical deterioration.The weld pads with and without buffer layers of Ni–Fe alloy have been investigated and compared in detail for metallurgical properties and carbon diffusivities.Ni–Fe buffer layer can significantly control the carbon migration which resists the metallurgical deterioration.It showed the better results in postweld heat treatment and thermally aged conditions.The buttering deposit with Ni–Fe buffer layer could be the better choice for DMW joints requirements.展开更多
Friction welding is a solid-state joining process which is applied extensively because of its advantages such as low heat input,efficient application,ease in manufacturing,and environmental friendliness.The present st...Friction welding is a solid-state joining process which is applied extensively because of its advantages such as low heat input,efficient application,ease in manufacturing,and environmental friendliness.The present study investigates the mechanical and metallurgical properties of UNS S32205 duplex stainless steel friction-welded joints.The process parameters,namely friction pressure,upsetting pressure,and rotational speed are individually varied from low level to high level(within the range of the machine setup)and their effects on the joint properties are analyzed.The partial-deformation zone had higher hardness than the weld and base metal.The toughness of the joints was evaluated at room temperature and at subzero temperature conditions.The impact toughness of the friction-welded joints was found to be superior to fusion-joined duplex stainless steel in room and cryogenic conditions.展开更多
Dear Editor, We present here the first report linking a specific gene, ribosomal protein L29 （Rp129）, also known as Hip （heparin/heparan sulfate interacting protein）, to the mammalian sperm flagellar morphologica...Dear Editor, We present here the first report linking a specific gene, ribosomal protein L29 （Rp129）, also known as Hip （heparin/heparan sulfate interacting protein）, to the mammalian sperm flagellar morphological anomaly termed the ＂dag＂ defect. In addition, we show that loss of Rp/29 invariably results in low sperm motility with infertility accompanying this abnormality.展开更多
Mobile Ad Hoc network (MANET) is a collection of wireless mobile nodes forming a temporary network without the aid of any established infrastructure. To conduct meaningful performance analysis of MANETs, it is essenti...Mobile Ad Hoc network (MANET) is a collection of wireless mobile nodes forming a temporary network without the aid of any established infrastructure. To conduct meaningful performance analysis of MANETs, it is essential that the simulation of mobility model should reflect the realistic mobility pattern of mobile nodes i.e. placement of mobile nodes at different intervals of time. The formation of spontaneous network depends heavily on the movement of different nodes in a particular practical scenario. This research focuses on the modeling and simulation of a temporal Adaptive Mobility Model which can be adapted to any dynamic practical scenario. The mobility in the realistic environment is simulated based on a Probability Transition Matrix named as Personal Behavior Model (PBM) and validated for a practical Health Care Environment. The formation of MANET is assumed to be based on the movement of the patient i.e. mobile nodes in the health care environment. Patients waiting in front of each service point for different time intervals are taken as results and compared with the actual data.展开更多
Neuroblastoma(NB)is the most common cancer of infancy and accounts for nearly one tenth of pediatric cancer deaths.This mortality rate has been attributed to the>50%frequency of relapse despite intensive,multimodal...Neuroblastoma(NB)is the most common cancer of infancy and accounts for nearly one tenth of pediatric cancer deaths.This mortality rate has been attributed to the>50%frequency of relapse despite intensive,multimodal clinical therapy in patients with progressive NB.Given the disease’s heterogeneity and developed resistance,attaining a cure after relapse of progressive NB is highly challenging.A rapid decrease in the timeline between successive recurrences is likely due to the ongoing acquisition of genetic rearrangements in undifferentiated NB-cancer stem cells(CSCs).In this review,we present the current understanding of NB-CSCs,their intrinsic role in tumorigenesis,their function in disease progression,and their influence on acquired therapy resistance and tumor evolution.In particular,this review focus on the intrinsic involvement of stem cells and signaling in the genesis of NB,the function of pre-existing CSCs in NB progression and therapy response,the formation and influence of induced CSCs(iCSCs)in drug resistance and tumor evolution,and the development of a CSC-targeted therapeutic approach.展开更多
Diastasis Recti Abdominis(DRA)is the separation of abdominal recti muscles which occurs in women during their pregnancy and postpartum time.This is because of the stretching of the linea alba,a fibrous connective tiss...Diastasis Recti Abdominis(DRA)is the separation of abdominal recti muscles which occurs in women during their pregnancy and postpartum time.This is because of the stretching of the linea alba,a fibrous connective tissue on the abdominal wall.The Linea Alba is elastic and retracts back after the delivery of the baby.When this tissue gets overstretched,it loses its elasticity and the gap in the abdominals may not be closed leading to DRA.The motive of this research is to analyze the postpartum rehabilitation for signals from Inertial Measurement Unit(IMU)sensors.The conservative treatment for women who are experiencing DRA is given in the form of physiotherapy.These physiotherapy exercises focus on the recti abdominis muscle to bring back the Linea alba together.It will be a difficult process for the physiotherapist to monitor,whether patients did the exercises correctly or not.If the exercises are not correct,they will not be effective in the reduction of inter-recti distance.This research aims to analyze the effectiveness of IMU signals in classifying the correct and incorrect exercises.It was inferred that the IMU signals are effective in classifying the correct and incorrect exercises with an accuracy of 92%.展开更多
基金This work was supported by Department of Science and Technology,Government of India,under Grant No:RP02197.
文摘Magnesium alloy(AZ91D)composites reinforced with silicon carbide particle with different volume percentage were fabricated by two step stir casting process.The effect of changes in particle size and volume fraction of SiC particles on physical and mechanical properties of composites were evaluated under as cast and heat treated(T6)conditions.The experimental results were compared with the standard theoretical models.The results reveal that the mechanical properties of composites increased with increasing SiC particles and decrease with increasing particle size.Distribution of particles and fractured surface were studied through SEM and the presence of elements is revealed by EDS study.
文摘Lipase production by Candida rugosa was carried out in submerged fermentation.Plackett-Burman statisticalexperimental design was applied to evaluate the fermentation medium components.The effect of twelve medium components was studied in sixteen experimental trials.Glucose,olive oil,peptone and FeCl3·6H2O were found to have more significance on lipase production by Candida rugosa.Maximum lipase activity of 3.8 u mL-1 was obtained at 50h of fermentation period.The fermentation was carried out at optimized temperature of 3℃,initial pH of 6.8 and shaking speed of 120 r/min.Unstructured kinetic models were used to simulate the experimental data.Logistic model,Luedeking-Piret model and modified Luedeking-Piret model were found suitable to efficiently predict the cell mass,lipase production and glucose consumption respectively with high determination coefficient(R2).From the estimated values of the Luedeking-Piret kinetic model parameters,α and β,it was found that the lipase production by Candida rugosa is growth associated.
基金funded by Oklahoma Center for the Advancement of Science and Technology,OCAST-HR19-045Department of Defense,DoD Peer Reviewed Cancer Research Program,CA-210339+2 种基金the National Institutes of Health P20GM103639supported by the National Cancer Institute Cancer Center Support Grant[P30CA225520]a grant from the Oklahoma Tobacco Settlement Endowment Trust[R23-03]both awarded to the OU Health Stephenson Cancer Center.
文摘Progressive neuroblastomas(pNBs)that defy current intensive multimodal clinical therapy(IMCT)are a significant contributor to overall childhood cancer deaths[l].Neuroblastomas(NBs)that survive first-line IMCT actively evolve to acquire genetic and molecular rearrangements and display unparalleled plasticity and evolution,which causes frequent relapses in a rapidly accelerating timeline[2-4].
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52173246,91963118,52102213)the Science Technology Program of Jilin Province(No.20200201066JC)the Science and Engineering Research Board,a statutory body of the Department of Science and Technology,Govt.of India,through Swarnajayanti Fellowship(No.SB/SJF/2020-21/12)。
文摘The direct reuse of retired lithium-ion batteries(LIBs)cathode materials is one of the optimum choices for"waste-to-wealth"by virtue of sustainable and high economic efficiency.Considering the harmfulness of retired LIBs and the serious shortage of lithium resources,in this work,the spent oxide cathode materials after simple treatment are directly applied to the sodium-ion batteries(SIBs)and exhibit promising application possibilities in advanced SIBs.The spent oxide cathode shows an appropriate initial discharge capacity of 109 mAh·g^(-1)and exhibits transition and activation processes at a current density of 25 mA·g^(-1).Further,it demonstrates decent cycle performance and comparatively good electrode kinetics performance(the apparent ion diffusion coefficient at steady state is about 1×10^(-12)cm^(2)·s^(-1)).The"waste-towealth"concept of this work provides an economical and sustainable strategy for directly reusing the retired LIBs and supplies a large amount of raw material for the largescale application of SIBs.
文摘This study utilizes ML classifiers to estimate canopy density based on three decades of data (1990-2021). The Support Vector Machine (SVM) classifier outperformed other classifiers, such as Random Tree and Maximum Likelihood. Satellite data from Landsat and Sentinel 2 was classified using a developed python model, providing an economical and time-saving approach. The accuracy of the classification was evaluated through a confusion matrix and area computation. The findings indicate a negative trend in the overall decadal change, with significant tree loss attributed to jhum cultivation, mining, and quarry activities. However, positive changes were observed in recent years due to the ban on illegal mining. The study highlights the dynamic nature of tree cover and emphasizes the need for biennial assessments using at least five time-series data. Micro-level analysis in Shallang, West Khasi hills, revealed a concerning trend of shortening jhum cycles. Automation in canopy change analysis is crucial for effective forest monitoring, providing timely information for law enforcement proposals and involving forest managers, stakeholders, and watchdog organizations.
基金The authors are supported by research funding from the National Institutes of Health(NIH 1P20GM103639-01)from the COBRE Program of NIHand OUHSC Department of Radiation Oncology Research Development Funds.
文摘Neuroblastoma(NB)deriving from neural crest cells is the most common extra-cranial solid cancer at infancy.NB originates within the peripheral sympathetic ganglia in adrenal medulla and along the midline of the body.Clinically,NB exhibits significant heterogeneity stretching from spontaneous regression to rapid progression to therapy resistance.MicroRNAs(miRNAs,miRs)are small(19-22 nt in length)non-coding RNAs that regulate human gene expression at the post-transcriptional level and are known to regulate cellular signaling,growth,differentiation,death,stemness,and maintenance.Consequently,the function of miRs in tumorigenesis,progression and resistance is of utmost importance for the understanding of dysfunctional cellular pathways that lead to disease evolution,therapy resistance,and poor clinical outcomes.Over the last two decades,much attention has been devoted to understanding the functional roles of miRs in NB biology.This review focuses on highlighting the important implications of miRs within the context of NB disease progression,particularly miRs’influences on NB disease evolution and therapy resistance.In this review,we discuss the functions of both the“oncomiRs”and“tumor suppressor miRs”in NB progression/therapy resistance.These are the critical components to be considered during the development of novel miR-based therapeutic strategies to counter therapy resistance.
基金This work was partially or in full funded by the Oklahoma Center for the Advancement of Science and Technology(No.OCAST-HR19-045)National Institutes of Health(No.NIH-P20GM103639)NIH-NCI Cancer Center Support Grant(No.P30CA225520).
文摘Neuroblastoma(NB),the most common cancer at infancy,is derived from a selective sympathoadrenal lineage of the neural crest cells[1-3].The majority of NB is found in children younger than 5 years(median age:2 years)and is rare in children older than 10 years.Although NB accounts for only 5-6%of the childhood cancers,it heavily contributes(about 15%)to pediatric cancer deaths[4,5].
基金the funding through Women Scientist Scheme-B(DST/WOS-B/2018/2039)from the KIRAN division of the Department of Science&Technology(DST),Govt.of Indiathe financial support from the DST through Swarnajayanti Fellowship(DST/SJF/PSA-02/2019-20)the Grant by Science and Engineering Research Board(SB/SJF/2020-21/12)。
文摘Demand for graphite in the forthcoming years to develop Li-ion batteries(LIBs)with the goal of driving electric vehicles(EV)and its requirement in multifarious energy storage applications as an electrode.The emerging sector of LIB-based EVs,along with portable electronics,produces an inevitable volume of batteries in the e-waste stream.The main reason for the lower percentage of recycling(at present,<5%)is due to the recovery of economically rich metals like Li,Ni,and Co.However,complete recycling technologies,including the strategic material graphite,which is available in a massive amount of spent LIBs,are urgently needed to be updated to ensure the reuse of all components.This approach lifts the recycling process to develop an economic one besides the geostrategic and environmental policy aspects.Here,we summarize the importance of graphite and its demand and specify the reasons to recycle the graphite from spent LIBs along with its development as an anode in detail.Additionally,the approach of the current recycling process of graphite in lab-scale and industries for various applications,including energy storage,are discussed with the highlights of future progress.
文摘Surface metal matrix composite is produced on the as cast Magnesium Rare Earth alloy-RZ 5 by single pass friction stir processing using various micro/nano sized reinforcement particles namely Boron Carbide(B_(4)C),Multi Walled Carbon Nano Tubes(MWCNTs),and a mixture of ZrO_(2)+Al_(2)O_(3)particles.Fine grained metal matrix composites having the grain size ranging 0.8μm to 1.87μm are achieved.Grain boundary pinning by the reinforcement particles has resulted in the transformation of coarse grained(∼81μm)base material into fine grained(<1μm)metal matrix composite.Finer grain structure and the presence of reinforcements at the stir zone have resulted in increased and improved mechanical properties of the developed composites.Microhardness ranging between 125 HV and 403 HV is achieved.Uni-axial Tensile Testing of the developed composites exhibited improvement in tensile strength.Metal matrix composites developed using various reinforcements exhibited an increase in strength ranges between 250 MPa and 320 MPa.
文摘In an underdetermined system,compressive sensing can be used to recover the support vector.Greedy algorithms will recover the support vector indices in an iterative manner.Generalized Orthogonal Matching Pursuit(GOMP)is the generalized form of the Orthogonal Matching Pursuit(OMP)algorithm where a number of indices selected per iteration will be greater than or equal to 1.To recover the support vector of unknown signal‘x’from the compressed measurements,the restricted isometric property should be satisfied as a sufficient condition.Finding the restricted isometric constant is a non-deterministic polynomial-time hardness problem due to that the coherence of the sensing matrix can be used to derive the sufficient condition for support recovery.In this paper a sufficient condition based on the coherence parameter to recover the support vector indices of an unknown sparse signal‘x’using GOMP has been derived.The derived sufficient condition will recover support vectors of P-sparse signal within‘P’iterations.The recovery guarantee for GOMP is less restrictive,and applies to OMP when the number of selection elements equals one.Simulation shows the superior performance of the GOMP algorithm compared with other greedy algorithms.
文摘The present study is to optimize the process parameters for friction welding of duplex stainless steel(DSS UNS S32205).Experiments were conducted according to central composite design.Process variables,as inputs of the neural network,included friction pressure,upsetting pressure,speed and burn-off length.Tensile strength and microhardness were selected as the outputs of the neural networks.The weld metals had higher hardness and tensile strength than the base material due to grain refinement which caused failures away from the joint interface during tensile testing.Due to shorter heating time,no secondary phase intermetallic precipitation was observed in the weld joint.A multi-layer perceptron neural network was established for modeling purpose.Five various training algorithms,belonging to three classes,namely gradient descent,genetic algorithm and LevenbergeM arquardt,were used to train artificial neural network.The optimization was carried out by using particle swarm optimization method.Confirmation test was carried out by setting the optimized parameters.In conformation test,maximum tensile strength and maximum hardness obtained are 822 MPa and 322 Hv,respectively.The metallurgical investigations revealed that base metal,partially deformed zone and weld zone maintain austenite/ferrite proportion of 50:50.
文摘UNS S 32205 duplex stainless steel specimens were joined by continuous drive friction welding process. The experiments were conducted as per the Taguchi（L16 orthogonal array） method. The friction welding process parameters such as heating pressure, heating time, upsetting pressure, upsetting time, and speed of rotation were fixed with low,medium, and high levels of range based on the machine capacity, and the required knowledge was acquired from the preliminary experiments. The joint characterization studies included micro structural examination and evaluation of mechanical properties of the joints. Microhardness variation, impact toughness, and tensile strength of the joints were evaluated. Neither a crack nor an incomplete bonding zone was observed. The tensile strength of the joints was higher than the strength of the base material, and the friction and upsetting pressures were found to influence the joint strength. The tensile strength of all the welds was observed to be increasing with an increase in the rotational speed. The toughness of the friction welds was evaluated at room temperature and also at subzero（cryo） temperature conditions. The toughness for friction welds was found to be superior to the fusion welds of duplex stainless steel at room temperature and cryo conditions. Weldments exhibited better corrosion resistance than the parent material.
文摘The optimum friction welding （FW） parameters of duplex stainless steel （DSS） UNS $32205 joint was determined. The experiment was carried out as the central composite array of 30 experiments. The selected input parameters were friction pressure （F）, upset pressure （U）, speed （S） and burn-off length （B）, and responses were hardness and ultimate tensile strength. To achieve the quality of the welded joint, the ultimate tensile strength and hardness were maximized, and response surface methodology （RSM） was applied to create separate regression equations of tensile strength and hardness. Intelligent optimization technique such as genetic algorithm was used to predict the Pareto optimal solutions. Depending upon the application, preferred suitable welding parameters were selected. It was inferred that the changing hardness and tensile strength of the friction welded joint influenced the upset pressure, friction Pressure and speed of rotation.
基金the support given by Board of Research in Nuclear Sciences,Department of Atomic Energy(India)for present work(No.2008/36/107-BRNS/4038A)
文摘Use of a buttering deposit on ferritic steel in dissimilar metal weld（DMW） joint is a common practice in nuclear plants to connect pressure vessel components（ferritic steel） to pipelines（austenitic stainless steel）.Carbon migration and metallurgical changes near fusion interface（ferritic steel–austenitic stainless steel） lead to a steeper gradient in material properties,and minimizing this gradient is the major challenge in the manufacturing of DMW joints.Inconel 82 is often deposited on ferritic steel material as buttering to reducing the gradient of physical and attaining material compatibility.Inconel 82/182 fillers are used to minimize the carbon migration,but the results are not truly adequate.In this paper,Ni–Fe alloy（chromium-free） has been used as the intermediate buffer layer in the weld buttering deposit to address the issue of carbon migration and subsequent metallurgical deterioration.The weld pads with and without buffer layers of Ni–Fe alloy have been investigated and compared in detail for metallurgical properties and carbon diffusivities.Ni–Fe buffer layer can significantly control the carbon migration which resists the metallurgical deterioration.It showed the better results in postweld heat treatment and thermally aged conditions.The buttering deposit with Ni–Fe buffer layer could be the better choice for DMW joints requirements.
文摘Friction welding is a solid-state joining process which is applied extensively because of its advantages such as low heat input,efficient application,ease in manufacturing,and environmental friendliness.The present study investigates the mechanical and metallurgical properties of UNS S32205 duplex stainless steel friction-welded joints.The process parameters,namely friction pressure,upsetting pressure,and rotational speed are individually varied from low level to high level(within the range of the machine setup)and their effects on the joint properties are analyzed.The partial-deformation zone had higher hardness than the weld and base metal.The toughness of the joints was evaluated at room temperature and at subzero temperature conditions.The impact toughness of the friction-welded joints was found to be superior to fusion-joined duplex stainless steel in room and cryogenic conditions.
文摘Dear Editor, We present here the first report linking a specific gene, ribosomal protein L29 （Rp129）, also known as Hip （heparin/heparan sulfate interacting protein）, to the mammalian sperm flagellar morphological anomaly termed the ＂dag＂ defect. In addition, we show that loss of Rp/29 invariably results in low sperm motility with infertility accompanying this abnormality.
文摘Mobile Ad Hoc network (MANET) is a collection of wireless mobile nodes forming a temporary network without the aid of any established infrastructure. To conduct meaningful performance analysis of MANETs, it is essential that the simulation of mobility model should reflect the realistic mobility pattern of mobile nodes i.e. placement of mobile nodes at different intervals of time. The formation of spontaneous network depends heavily on the movement of different nodes in a particular practical scenario. This research focuses on the modeling and simulation of a temporal Adaptive Mobility Model which can be adapted to any dynamic practical scenario. The mobility in the realistic environment is simulated based on a Probability Transition Matrix named as Personal Behavior Model (PBM) and validated for a practical Health Care Environment. The formation of MANET is assumed to be based on the movement of the patient i.e. mobile nodes in the health care environment. Patients waiting in front of each service point for different time intervals are taken as results and compared with the actual data.
基金The authors are supported by the research funding from the National Institutes of Health(NIH 1P20GM103639-01)from the COBRE Program of NIHOUHSC Department of Radiation Oncology Research Development Funds.
文摘Neuroblastoma(NB)is the most common cancer of infancy and accounts for nearly one tenth of pediatric cancer deaths.This mortality rate has been attributed to the>50%frequency of relapse despite intensive,multimodal clinical therapy in patients with progressive NB.Given the disease’s heterogeneity and developed resistance,attaining a cure after relapse of progressive NB is highly challenging.A rapid decrease in the timeline between successive recurrences is likely due to the ongoing acquisition of genetic rearrangements in undifferentiated NB-cancer stem cells(CSCs).In this review,we present the current understanding of NB-CSCs,their intrinsic role in tumorigenesis,their function in disease progression,and their influence on acquired therapy resistance and tumor evolution.In particular,this review focus on the intrinsic involvement of stem cells and signaling in the genesis of NB,the function of pre-existing CSCs in NB progression and therapy response,the formation and influence of induced CSCs(iCSCs)in drug resistance and tumor evolution,and the development of a CSC-targeted therapeutic approach.
基金This research was funded by the Department of Science and Technology DST under Biomedical Device and Technology Development(File No:TDP/BDTD/07/2021).
文摘Diastasis Recti Abdominis(DRA)is the separation of abdominal recti muscles which occurs in women during their pregnancy and postpartum time.This is because of the stretching of the linea alba,a fibrous connective tissue on the abdominal wall.The Linea Alba is elastic and retracts back after the delivery of the baby.When this tissue gets overstretched,it loses its elasticity and the gap in the abdominals may not be closed leading to DRA.The motive of this research is to analyze the postpartum rehabilitation for signals from Inertial Measurement Unit(IMU)sensors.The conservative treatment for women who are experiencing DRA is given in the form of physiotherapy.These physiotherapy exercises focus on the recti abdominis muscle to bring back the Linea alba together.It will be a difficult process for the physiotherapist to monitor,whether patients did the exercises correctly or not.If the exercises are not correct,they will not be effective in the reduction of inter-recti distance.This research aims to analyze the effectiveness of IMU signals in classifying the correct and incorrect exercises.It was inferred that the IMU signals are effective in classifying the correct and incorrect exercises with an accuracy of 92%.
