Counterfeit medicines are a growing problem in both developing and industrialised countries. In general the evaluation of these medicines is limited to the identification and the dosage of the active ingredients. In t...Counterfeit medicines are a growing problem in both developing and industrialised countries. In general the evaluation of these medicines is limited to the identification and the dosage of the active ingredients. In this study in vitro dissolution tests were conducted on two sets of counterfeit medicines containing PDE-5 inhibitors （sildenafil citrate and tadalafil）. The dissolution profiles were statistically compared to the ones of the genuine products using the f2-method and a comparison at each time point using the Cochran test. The results showed low equivalences between counterfeit and genuine products as well as higher variations around the mean dissolution value at the different time points for the counterfeit products.展开更多
To study cardiovascular autonomic control, we assessed the effect of atropine on heart rate (HR) and blood pressure (BP)-variability in 12 preterm infants (range 26-32 wk) before intubation for respiratory insufficien...To study cardiovascular autonomic control, we assessed the effect of atropine on heart rate (HR) and blood pressure (BP)-variability in 12 preterm infants (range 26-32 wk) before intubation for respiratory insufficiency.Spectral power analysis of R-R interval and systolic BP (SBP) series were estimated in a low-frequency (LF; 0.04-0.15 Hz) and high-frequency (HF; 0.4-1.5Hz) band and evaluated for a 10-min period before and a 10-min period after atropine sulfate (0.01 mg/kg).Baroreceptor reflex (BR) functioning was estimated using transfer function analysis at LF (coherence, gain, and phase).Atropine resulted in a significant 12%increase in steady-state HR (p < 0.01) and unchanged SBP.For R-R interval series, the total spectral power decreased 6-fold (p < 0.01), which was predominantly due to a reduction in the LF band (16-fold; p < 0.01).In contrast, we observed a significant increase (25%; p < 0.05) in total spectral power of SBP series partly as a result of an increase in HF power.The LF power of SBP series was not altered.The median LF transfer gain (BR sensitivity) between SBP and R-R interval decreased from 4.2 to 1.4 ms/mm Hg (p < 0.01) after atropine.The LF phase relationship (BP leads R-R interval fluctuations by ～4 s) was not changed after atropine.In conclusion, even in preterm infants in distress, atropine modulates HR and BP variability, suggesting that BR-mediated parasympathetic control of heart rate is of significance for cardiovascular control at that age.展开更多
Conventional lithographic printing processes using porous alumina for offset applications generally use "wet" routes. Recently "dry" processes have been developed which are based on a heat-induced ...Conventional lithographic printing processes using porous alumina for offset applications generally use "wet" routes. Recently "dry" processes have been developed which are based on a heat-induced hydrophilic/oleophilic conversion of one or more layers of the coating so that a stronger affinity to-wards ink or water fountain is created at the exposed areas with respect to the surface of the unex-posed coating. Treatments involving rf plasma-enhanced fluorination (PEF) constitute exceptional tools for modifying the surface properties of materials. Many advantages of these techniques can be indeed outlined, when compared to more conventional methods: room-temperature reactions, chemical modi-fications limited to surface only without changing the bulk properties, possible non-equilibrium reac-tions. The influence of PEF treatments on porous alumina layer used in printing plates has been tested with various fluorinated gases (CF4, C3F8 and C4F8) and characterized by XPS. The hydrophobic prop-erties of the fluorinated layer have been deduced from contact angle measurements. Using C4F8 rf-PEF treatment, the outmost surface of the hydrophilic alumina substrate used for lithographic printing is hydrophobized, or in other words, the hydrophilic substrate is converted into a support with hydro-phobic properties. Once being hydrophobized, the surface layer may be rendered hydrophilic using a heat pulse, thus giving rise to switchable hydrophobic-hydrophilic properties of the material.展开更多
文摘Counterfeit medicines are a growing problem in both developing and industrialised countries. In general the evaluation of these medicines is limited to the identification and the dosage of the active ingredients. In this study in vitro dissolution tests were conducted on two sets of counterfeit medicines containing PDE-5 inhibitors （sildenafil citrate and tadalafil）. The dissolution profiles were statistically compared to the ones of the genuine products using the f2-method and a comparison at each time point using the Cochran test. The results showed low equivalences between counterfeit and genuine products as well as higher variations around the mean dissolution value at the different time points for the counterfeit products.
文摘To study cardiovascular autonomic control, we assessed the effect of atropine on heart rate (HR) and blood pressure (BP)-variability in 12 preterm infants (range 26-32 wk) before intubation for respiratory insufficiency.Spectral power analysis of R-R interval and systolic BP (SBP) series were estimated in a low-frequency (LF; 0.04-0.15 Hz) and high-frequency (HF; 0.4-1.5Hz) band and evaluated for a 10-min period before and a 10-min period after atropine sulfate (0.01 mg/kg).Baroreceptor reflex (BR) functioning was estimated using transfer function analysis at LF (coherence, gain, and phase).Atropine resulted in a significant 12%increase in steady-state HR (p < 0.01) and unchanged SBP.For R-R interval series, the total spectral power decreased 6-fold (p < 0.01), which was predominantly due to a reduction in the LF band (16-fold; p < 0.01).In contrast, we observed a significant increase (25%; p < 0.05) in total spectral power of SBP series partly as a result of an increase in HF power.The LF power of SBP series was not altered.The median LF transfer gain (BR sensitivity) between SBP and R-R interval decreased from 4.2 to 1.4 ms/mm Hg (p < 0.01) after atropine.The LF phase relationship (BP leads R-R interval fluctuations by ～4 s) was not changed after atropine.In conclusion, even in preterm infants in distress, atropine modulates HR and BP variability, suggesting that BR-mediated parasympathetic control of heart rate is of significance for cardiovascular control at that age.
文摘Conventional lithographic printing processes using porous alumina for offset applications generally use "wet" routes. Recently "dry" processes have been developed which are based on a heat-induced hydrophilic/oleophilic conversion of one or more layers of the coating so that a stronger affinity to-wards ink or water fountain is created at the exposed areas with respect to the surface of the unex-posed coating. Treatments involving rf plasma-enhanced fluorination (PEF) constitute exceptional tools for modifying the surface properties of materials. Many advantages of these techniques can be indeed outlined, when compared to more conventional methods: room-temperature reactions, chemical modi-fications limited to surface only without changing the bulk properties, possible non-equilibrium reac-tions. The influence of PEF treatments on porous alumina layer used in printing plates has been tested with various fluorinated gases (CF4, C3F8 and C4F8) and characterized by XPS. The hydrophobic prop-erties of the fluorinated layer have been deduced from contact angle measurements. Using C4F8 rf-PEF treatment, the outmost surface of the hydrophilic alumina substrate used for lithographic printing is hydrophobized, or in other words, the hydrophilic substrate is converted into a support with hydro-phobic properties. Once being hydrophobized, the surface layer may be rendered hydrophilic using a heat pulse, thus giving rise to switchable hydrophobic-hydrophilic properties of the material.
