Objectives:To compare operative times,safety,and effectiveness of percutaneous nephrolithotomy in the supine versus prone position.Materials and methods:An observational study of 100 patients was conducted in our inst...Objectives:To compare operative times,safety,and effectiveness of percutaneous nephrolithotomy in the supine versus prone position.Materials and methods:An observational study of 100 patients was conducted in our institution for 2years from 2018 to 2020 divided into 2 groups:50 patients underwent modified supine percutaneous nephrolithotomy(PCNL)and 50 patients underwent standard prone PCNL.The inclusion criteria included a renal calculus(calyx or pelvis)of any size for which PCNL was indicated and exclusion criteria were patients having contraindications for PCNL such as bleeding disorders,pregnancy,high risk,and co-morbid conditions.The measured data included operative time,number of punctures,stone-free rate,length of hospital stays,and rate of complications.Results:The 2 groups were comparable in mean age,male to female ratio,calculus size,number of punctures,residual calculi,and postoperative fever and pain.The mean difference of hemoglobin in the supine PCNL group was 0.37 g/dL whereas in the prone PCNL group it was 0.61 g/dL.The p value was significant at 0.043.The mean time to finish from initial postion was 72.24 minutes in supine PCNL and 88.12 minutes in prone PCNL.The p value was significant(p<0.001).The mean time before puncture was 20.92 minutes in the supine position and 31.84 minutes in the prone position.The p value was significant(p<0.001).The mean time from puncture to finish was 51.32 minutes in the supine position and 56.28 minutes in the prone position.The p value was significant(p<0.001).Conclusions:As observed from this study,supine PCNL is associated with a significantly reduced operating time when compared to conventional prone position PCNL procedures.The postoperative complications such as pain and fever were not significantly different.Hence,the supine PCNL is an equally effective modality for treatment of a renal calculus with benefits of simultaneous retrograde access and less operative time compared to the prone PCNL.展开更多
Objectives:Chronic illnesses are more prevalent in males.The expectations of caregiving,thus falls on the women.Role expectations from women,increases stress,strain and the possibility of Psychological health concerns...Objectives:Chronic illnesses are more prevalent in males.The expectations of caregiving,thus falls on the women.Role expectations from women,increases stress,strain and the possibility of Psychological health concerns.In this paper,we explore the psychological health,as well as the levels of marital and sexual satisfaction of women caregivers.Method:The sample consisted of 35 women,whose husbands were diagnosed with,and undergoing treatment for a chronic illness(Coronary Heart Disease(CHD);Diabetes;or Cancer).Three standardized questionnaires,the Index of Marital Satisfaction(IMS),Index of Sexual Satisfaction(ISS)and the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale 21(DASS 21)were used.Results:Correlational and predictive analysis were conducted on the data.Clinically significant marital and sexual dissatisfaction were found.Wives’also reported moderate levels of depression and anxiety,but severe levels of stress.Depression and Sexual satisfaction were found to be significant predictors of marital satisfaction.Discussion:Women caregiver are impacted by the illness status of their spouse.The additional stress of caregiving,along with societally ascribed roles and responsibilities on women creates a more difficult,stressful environment,which affects psychological health and well-being.展开更多
Cenospheres are widely used as filler in thermoset plastics and concrete mainly for density reduction of the material. But there is no work noted of using cenosphere as filler in thermoplastics. In this paper cenosphe...Cenospheres are widely used as filler in thermoset plastics and concrete mainly for density reduction of the material. But there is no work noted of using cenosphere as filler in thermoplastics. In this paper cenosphere concentration was varied from 0 to 10 phr of nylon 6 and the effect of the same on the mechanical, thermal, rheological and morphological properties of the composite were studied. Elongation was found to have increased by 83% and impact strength by 44% at 2.5 phr loading of cenosphere. Flexural strength increased upto 25% at 10 phr content of cenosphere.展开更多
Cenospheres are produced in very large amount in thermal power plants. They are always looked upon as fillers used to reduce the density and cost of the polymer. If cenosphere particles are allowed to remain properly ...Cenospheres are produced in very large amount in thermal power plants. They are always looked upon as fillers used to reduce the density and cost of the polymer. If cenosphere particles are allowed to remain properly dispersed by taking it in lower concentration, significant improvement in its mechanical, thermal, electrical, crystallinity, colorimetric and morphological properties are expected. To make it happen, epoxy/cenosphere composites were prepared, having lower concentration of cenosphere. Concentration of cenosphere in epoxy, cured with triethylenetetramine, was changed as 0, 3, 5, 7 and 10. Tensile Strength, Tensile Modulus, Percentage Elongation at Break and Crystallinity decreased, whereas, Flexural Strength and Flexural Modulus were found to have increased by 50% and above 100% respectively at 7 phr loading of cenosphere in epoxy. Thermal and electrical stability also increased with increase in concentration of cenosphere in the epoxy, however, the samples became blackish with increased addition of cenosphere. Using SEM analysis it was found that, cenospheres were properly and uniformly dispersed at 7 phr concentration and formed aggregates at 10 phr concentration.展开更多
文摘Objectives:To compare operative times,safety,and effectiveness of percutaneous nephrolithotomy in the supine versus prone position.Materials and methods:An observational study of 100 patients was conducted in our institution for 2years from 2018 to 2020 divided into 2 groups:50 patients underwent modified supine percutaneous nephrolithotomy(PCNL)and 50 patients underwent standard prone PCNL.The inclusion criteria included a renal calculus(calyx or pelvis)of any size for which PCNL was indicated and exclusion criteria were patients having contraindications for PCNL such as bleeding disorders,pregnancy,high risk,and co-morbid conditions.The measured data included operative time,number of punctures,stone-free rate,length of hospital stays,and rate of complications.Results:The 2 groups were comparable in mean age,male to female ratio,calculus size,number of punctures,residual calculi,and postoperative fever and pain.The mean difference of hemoglobin in the supine PCNL group was 0.37 g/dL whereas in the prone PCNL group it was 0.61 g/dL.The p value was significant at 0.043.The mean time to finish from initial postion was 72.24 minutes in supine PCNL and 88.12 minutes in prone PCNL.The p value was significant(p<0.001).The mean time before puncture was 20.92 minutes in the supine position and 31.84 minutes in the prone position.The p value was significant(p<0.001).The mean time from puncture to finish was 51.32 minutes in the supine position and 56.28 minutes in the prone position.The p value was significant(p<0.001).Conclusions:As observed from this study,supine PCNL is associated with a significantly reduced operating time when compared to conventional prone position PCNL procedures.The postoperative complications such as pain and fever were not significantly different.Hence,the supine PCNL is an equally effective modality for treatment of a renal calculus with benefits of simultaneous retrograde access and less operative time compared to the prone PCNL.
文摘Objectives:Chronic illnesses are more prevalent in males.The expectations of caregiving,thus falls on the women.Role expectations from women,increases stress,strain and the possibility of Psychological health concerns.In this paper,we explore the psychological health,as well as the levels of marital and sexual satisfaction of women caregivers.Method:The sample consisted of 35 women,whose husbands were diagnosed with,and undergoing treatment for a chronic illness(Coronary Heart Disease(CHD);Diabetes;or Cancer).Three standardized questionnaires,the Index of Marital Satisfaction(IMS),Index of Sexual Satisfaction(ISS)and the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale 21(DASS 21)were used.Results:Correlational and predictive analysis were conducted on the data.Clinically significant marital and sexual dissatisfaction were found.Wives’also reported moderate levels of depression and anxiety,but severe levels of stress.Depression and Sexual satisfaction were found to be significant predictors of marital satisfaction.Discussion:Women caregiver are impacted by the illness status of their spouse.The additional stress of caregiving,along with societally ascribed roles and responsibilities on women creates a more difficult,stressful environment,which affects psychological health and well-being.
文摘Cenospheres are widely used as filler in thermoset plastics and concrete mainly for density reduction of the material. But there is no work noted of using cenosphere as filler in thermoplastics. In this paper cenosphere concentration was varied from 0 to 10 phr of nylon 6 and the effect of the same on the mechanical, thermal, rheological and morphological properties of the composite were studied. Elongation was found to have increased by 83% and impact strength by 44% at 2.5 phr loading of cenosphere. Flexural strength increased upto 25% at 10 phr content of cenosphere.
文摘Cenospheres are produced in very large amount in thermal power plants. They are always looked upon as fillers used to reduce the density and cost of the polymer. If cenosphere particles are allowed to remain properly dispersed by taking it in lower concentration, significant improvement in its mechanical, thermal, electrical, crystallinity, colorimetric and morphological properties are expected. To make it happen, epoxy/cenosphere composites were prepared, having lower concentration of cenosphere. Concentration of cenosphere in epoxy, cured with triethylenetetramine, was changed as 0, 3, 5, 7 and 10. Tensile Strength, Tensile Modulus, Percentage Elongation at Break and Crystallinity decreased, whereas, Flexural Strength and Flexural Modulus were found to have increased by 50% and above 100% respectively at 7 phr loading of cenosphere in epoxy. Thermal and electrical stability also increased with increase in concentration of cenosphere in the epoxy, however, the samples became blackish with increased addition of cenosphere. Using SEM analysis it was found that, cenospheres were properly and uniformly dispersed at 7 phr concentration and formed aggregates at 10 phr concentration.
