Master developmental pathways, such as Notch, Wnt, and Hedgehog, are signaling systems that control proliferation, cell death,motility, migration, and stemness. These systems are not only commonly activated in many so...Master developmental pathways, such as Notch, Wnt, and Hedgehog, are signaling systems that control proliferation, cell death,motility, migration, and stemness. These systems are not only commonly activated in many solid tumors, where they drive or contribute to cancer initiation, but also in primary and metastatic tumor development. The reactivation of developmental pathways in cancer stroma favors the development of cancer stem cells and allows their maintenance, indicating these signaling pathways as particularly attractive targets for efficient anticancer therapies, especially in advanced primary tumors and metastatic cancers. Metastasis is the worst feature of cancer development. This feature results from a cascade of events emerging from the hijacking of epithelial-mesenchymal transition, angiogenesis, migration, and invasion by transforming cells and is associated with poor survival, drug resistance, and tumor relapse. In the present review, we summarize and discuss experimental data suggesting pivotal roles for developmental pathways in cancer development and metastasis, considering the therapeutic potential. Emerging targeted antimetastatic therapies based on Notch, Wnt, and Hedgehog pathways are also discussed.展开更多
Strawberry (Fragaria spp.) is one of the most important fruits classified as exotic fruits imported into Cameroon. To have an inventory of its cultivation in Cameroon, a survey study was carried out among eight farms ...Strawberry (Fragaria spp.) is one of the most important fruits classified as exotic fruits imported into Cameroon. To have an inventory of its cultivation in Cameroon, a survey study was carried out among eight farms of Fragaria spp. from January 2021 to February 2022. The plant was introduced in Cameroon in 2018. There are 13 varieties of Fragaria spp. currently cultivated. Among these 13 varieties, eleven are hybrids of Fragaria x ananassa (“Amiga”, “Amine”, “Camarosa”, “Chandler”, “Charlotte”, “Elsanta”, “Gariguette”, “Madame Moutot”, “Ostara”, “Ruby gem” and “San Andreas”), and two of the hybrids of Fragaria vesca (“Maestro” and “Mara des bois”). The cropping system, irrigation system, and type of fertilizers applied differ from one strawberry farm to another. Biofertilizers (such as mycorrhizal), inorganic and organic fertilizers are actually used to improve production. The potential annual production of strawberries from January 2021 to February 2022, estimated based on the survey data, was 21.216 tons for all growers. Among these eight production farms, the Lolodorf BIO Farm presents 6000 kg (six tons) of strawberries and 100,000 stolons (seedlings) produced, from seven varieties of Fragaria spp. cultivated, with 6 varieties which are hybrids variety Fragaria x ananassa (“Amiga”, “Amine”, “Chandler”, “Gariguette”, “Madame Moutot”, and “Ruby gem”), and one which is a hybrid of Fragaria vesca (“Mara des bois”). Certain diseases were also observed and recorded depending on the growing areas.展开更多
Introduction and Objectives: Soil-Transmitted-Helminthiasis (STH) is a public health problem in Cameroon. The control strategies currently in place, particularly chemoprevention, has shortcomings linked to the target ...Introduction and Objectives: Soil-Transmitted-Helminthiasis (STH) is a public health problem in Cameroon. The control strategies currently in place, particularly chemoprevention, has shortcomings linked to the target population, which are school-age children. The objective was to determine the prevalence and the risk factors associated with geo-helminthiasis in children aged 0 to 3 years in a rural health district. Method: From December 2020 to May 2021, a descriptive and analytical cross-sectional study of 376 children between 6 and 36 months was carried out in the Akonolinga health district. This was a cluster sampling in 4 health areas. Stool samples were collected and analysed using the mini-FLOTAC method. The results expressed as the number of eggs per gram of stool. A questionnaire on socio-demographic and lifestyle data was administered to the parents. The Chi-squared test was used to measure the association between geo-helminth infection and the data collected. A multivariate analysis using logistic regression was performed (p 0.05). Results: The prevalence of STH was 19.4% (Ascaris lumbricoides: 16% and Trichuris trichiura: 8%). Risk factors were: consumption of contaminated water (AOR = 1.93 [1.03 - 3.6];p = 0.040), early contact of the child with the ground (before age of 4 months) (AOR = 4.9 [2.1 - 11.37];p .001), habit of walking barefoot (AOR = 2.91 [1.1 - 7.97];p = 0.038), and living in a habitat with unpaved ground (AOR = 7.4 [1.55 - 35.7];p = 0.012). Conclusion: The prevalence of STHs in infants was high. Preventive chemotherapy should be extended to this age-group, and other measures intensified.展开更多
With the aim of assessing floristic diversity, stand structure and vegetation ecology, the present work was carried out in the savanna mosaic forest of the locality of Ndjole (Centre Cameroon). A total of 30 floristic...With the aim of assessing floristic diversity, stand structure and vegetation ecology, the present work was carried out in the savanna mosaic forest of the locality of Ndjole (Centre Cameroon). A total of 30 floristic plots of 40 m × 40 m (1600 m<sup>2</sup>) were delineated in the different ecosystems (forest, forest-savanna contact zone and the savanna). Within each plot, all individuals with a diameter at breast height ≥ 10 cm at 1.30 m were taken into account. ANOVA was used to compare the means of the diversity indices of the different ecosystems, and the DUNCAN test at 5% significance level (XLSTAT 2016) to separate these means. A total of 85 species belonging to 67 genera and 33 families were recorded. That is, 68 species in semi-caducifolia forest, 45 in forest-savanna contact zone and 18 in savanna. Urticaceae, Combretaceae, Apocynaceae, Myristicaceae and Euphorbiaceae are the most diverse families in the forest. On the other hand, in contact zones, the Euphorbiaceae, Fabaceae, Annonaceae and Moraceae families are the most diversified, while in the savannas, the Combretaceae, Fabaceae and Annonaceae families are the most diversified. Shannon’s diversity index values (1.7 to 2.37 bits) reflect low specific diversity;Piélou’s equitability (0.86 to 0.9) shows good distribution of individuals within species. The diametric structure of woody species shows an inverted “J” shape in all plant communities. This indicates a high regeneration potential characterized by a greater number of small trees than large trees. Mesophanerophytes and megaphanerophytes are dominant in forests and forest-savanna contact zones, and microphanerophytes in the savannas. Endozoochory is the main mode of diaspore dissemination. As regards the distribution of phytogeographical types, it shows the overall dominance of Guineo-Congolese species in all plant communities. Our study provides detailed data on forest-savanna floristic and plant life traits in the mosaic and recommends further studies on the impact of environmental展开更多
Background: Klebsiella spp. are bacteria of medical importance for their role in opportunistic infections which are often difficult to treat because of resistance to one or several antimicrobials. The aim of this stud...Background: Klebsiella spp. are bacteria of medical importance for their role in opportunistic infections which are often difficult to treat because of resistance to one or several antimicrobials. The aim of this study was to determine antimicrobial resistance due to Extended Spectrum Beta-lactamase (ESBL), Class C cephalosporinase (AmpC) and carbapenemase enzymes in Klebsiella spp. isolated from patients consulted at four hospitals. Methodology: The study was cross-sectional and descriptive. A total of 4190 non-repetitive patients specimens from 13 types of clinical specimens were analysed from February to November 2020. Two hundred and twenty-five (225) Klebsiella spp isolates were identified using API 20E and antimicrobial susceptibility testing done according to the Kirby Bauer disc diffusion method. ESBL and AmpC phenotypes were determined by the combination disc method and carbapenemases by double disc synergy method, referenced by EUCAST guidelines for the resistance testing. Results: The frequency of the species was Klebsiella pneumoniae (69%, 155/255), K. oxytoca (14%, 31/255), K. ozaenae (12%, 27/225) and K. rhinoscleromatis (5%, 11/225). Isolates were most resistant to sulphomethoxazole trimethoprim (84%, 189/225), cepaholosporins (80%, 180/225), and least resistant to carbapenems (10.7%, 24/225). Two K. oxytoca and one K. pneumoniae were resistant to all antibiotics tested. Klebsiella pneumoniae had the most multidrug resistant isolates (59.4%, 134/225). Most isolates (83.6%, 188/225) expressed at least one enzyme, while 63.6% (143/225) of the isolates expressed at least two enzymes. Some isolates were ESBL (71.6%, 161/225), carbapenemase (10.7%, 24/225) and AmpC (6.6%, 15/225) producers. Three carbapenemases (Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase-KPC, Metallo-Beta Lactamase-MBL and OXA-48) were detected. Conclusion: These results revealed that resistance of Klebsiella spp. to cephalosporins is high and this may be exacerbated by co-expression of AmpC and carbapenemases aggravating associated patient mo展开更多
Background: Cardiovascular diseases such as hypertension (HTN) are one of the main causes of death in Cameroon. This study aimed at assessing prevalence disparities and determinants of hypertension amongst Bamilé...Background: Cardiovascular diseases such as hypertension (HTN) are one of the main causes of death in Cameroon. This study aimed at assessing prevalence disparities and determinants of hypertension amongst Bamiléké adults residing in two different agroecological zones of Cameroon. Methods: A cross-sectional and descriptive survey was conducted among Bamiléké population living in the Highlands zone (Western region) and in the Monomodal Rainforest zone (Littoral region) of Cameroon from August 2016 to August 2017. Participants (962) were aged at least 20 years old. Data on sociodemographic, hemodynamic, anthropometric, and biochemical parameters and lifestyle of the participants were collected. Results: Results obtained revealed that 34.2% were hypertensive and those residing in the highland zone were more affected than those living in the monomodal rainforest zone (44.5% vs 22.9%). The different subtypes of HTN (Isolated systolic hypertension (14.1%), isolated diastolic hypertension (7.2%) and Systo-diastolic hypertension (23.3%)) were also more prevalent in the Highlands Zone. The most prevalent stage of HTN was pre-HTN (31.5%). However, people living in the monomodal rainforest zone were more affected by pre-HTN compared to Bamiléké living in the highland zone (33.6% vs. 29.6%). Results also showed that high consumption (≥ 3 times/week) of carbohydrate- and fat-rich foods, ageing, obesity, and marital status were associated with high blood pressure in both agroecological zones. Besides, secondary education (OR = 0.68;95% CI: 0.42 - 0.99) in the Highlands Zone and high (≥3 times/week) vegetable consumption (OR = 0.66;95% CI: 0.44 - 0.98) in the Monomodal Rainforest Zone had a protective effect on elevated blood pressure of population. Conclusion: There is a disparity in the prevalence of hypertension and some of its determinants among Bamiléké adults residing in different agroecological zones. This work highlights the need to advocate for local and ethno-cultural health policies to prevent, diagnose a展开更多
Bamendou (West Cameroon), has a huge potential in natural resources, especially sands. However, the use of these materials in civil engineering works leads to the appearance of numerous pathologies which in some cases...Bamendou (West Cameroon), has a huge potential in natural resources, especially sands. However, the use of these materials in civil engineering works leads to the appearance of numerous pathologies which in some cases lead to the total ruin of the works. In order to overcome these infrastructural problems, the main objective of this study is set at the improvement of the service life of structures built in Cameroon using local materials formed under climatic, geological and geotechnical conditions similar to those of materials in Bamendou. Eight sand samples were taken from the most representative and exploited quarries. The identification and classification of the sand taken from the most representative quarries in the study area show that they are mainly clayey, with an average sand equivalent of 57.54. In terms of granulometry, the curves of several sand samples do not fall within the granular range of sands used in the formulation of concrete. The modulus of fineness obtained by particle size analysis varies from 2.91 to 3.92 with an average of 3.31.展开更多
<strong>Introduction:</strong><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> The first case of the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic in Cameroon wa...<strong>Introduction:</strong><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> The first case of the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic in Cameroon was confirmed on March 6, 2020. Though widely considered that pregnant women are more susceptible to respiratory tract infections, the available body of literature on the effect of COVID-19 on pregnancy outcomes is shy from being conclusive. In Cameroon, the Douala Gyneco-Obstetric and Pediatric Hospital (DGOPH) was one of the main frontline tertiary health facilities for the management of severe forms of the disease. After four months of managing COVID-19 cases in the general population and especially in pregnant women at the DGOPH, we decided to take a stop, analyze our findings from the patients managed in order to drive future policies and clinical practices via informed decisions. </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Overall objective: </span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">To describe and understand the clinical burden of patients managed for COVID</span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">-</span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">19 in pregnancy or post-partum at the DGOPH.</span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> Methodology:</span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> Cross</span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">-</span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">sectional and descriptive study covering four months—March 24</span><sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;">th</span></sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> to July 24</span><sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;">th</span></sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> 2020 at DGOPH. Using a pretested questionnaire, we systematically enrolled all patients who fulfilled the inclusion criteria, with analysis done using proportions from an excel spreadsheet.</span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> Results: </span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">A total of 18 on the 301 pregnant women consulte展开更多
Brucellosis is an anthropozoonotic disease with an important public health impact. Although the transmission of <em>Brucella</em> from animals to humans can occur in different epidemiological settings of s...Brucellosis is an anthropozoonotic disease with an important public health impact. Although the transmission of <em>Brucella</em> from animals to humans can occur in different epidemiological settings of sub-Saharan African countries, little data has been published on human brucellosis. This study aimed to detect <em>Brucella</em> antibodies and the risk factors associated to brucellosis among high-risk occupational groups of people in the Noun Division of Cameroon. For this study, a structured questionnaire was used to assess risk factors associated with human brucellosis. Thereafter, blood samples were collected from high-risk occupational groups of people in four villages. Plasma was extracted from each sample and<em> Brucella</em> antibodies were detected using Rose Bengal Plate Test (RBPT) and indirect Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (i-ELISA). Of the 273 participants enrolled, the overall seroprevalence of <em>Brucella </em>antibodies was 12.45% with RBPT and 10.26% with i-ELISA test. This seroprevalence was significantly (<em>P</em> = 0.04;<em>X</em><sup>2</sup> = 9.73) higher among livestock herdsmen (15.8%), slaughterhouse workers (9.8%), butchers (4.8%), participants having no educational level (14.3%) and those experiencing above 5 years of risky activity (15%). Raw milk consumption (OR: 4.8;<em>P</em> = 0.001), no formal education (OR: 6.4;<em>P</em> = 0.03) and assistance of animal during parturition (OR: 7.2;<em>P</em> < 0.0001) appeared as factors that may increase the risk of <em>Brucella</em> infections. The detection of <em>Brucella </em>antibodies indicates the risk of human brucellosis in some groups of people of the Noun division. Consuming unpasteurized milk, participating in parturition and lacking knowledge on brucellosis appeared as risk factors associated with human brucellosis in western Cameroon. It raises the need of developing and implementing control measures for human and animal brucellosis.展开更多
BACKGROUND The rising prevalence of carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii(CRAB)in neonatal intensive care units(NICUs)represents an escalating challenge in healthcare settings,particularly in managing hospital-...BACKGROUND The rising prevalence of carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii(CRAB)in neonatal intensive care units(NICUs)represents an escalating challenge in healthcare settings,particularly in managing hospital-acquired infections(HAIs).Studies across various World Health Organization regions have documented a significant incidence of CRAB-related HAIs,with rates as high as 41.7 cases per 1000 patients in ICUs,accounting for 13.6%of all HAIs.These infections pose a doubled mortality risk compared to infections with carbapenem-susceptible Acinetobacter baumannii.A particularly concerning aspect of CRAB colonization is its asymptomatic nature,enabling its transmission through healthcare workers(HCWs)or the NICU environment to vulnerable neonates with developing immune systems.AIM To explore the prevalence of CRAB colonization in NICUs,focusing on neonates,healthcare workers,and the environmental samples,to enhance epidemiological understanding and inform targeted interventions.METHODS We conducted according to PRISMA 2020 checklist guidelines,a comprehensive literature search across multiple databases including MEDLINE(Ovid),EMBASE(Ovid),Global Health(Ovid),Web of Science,and Global Index Me-dicus.Studies were selected based on predetermined criteria,primarily involving neonates,HCWs,and environmental swabs,using culture or molecular methods to detect CRAB colonization.We excluded studies that did not specifically focus on NICUs,were duplicates,or lacked necessary data.The study selection and quality assessment were conducted independently by two reviewers.Data extraction involved collecting comprehensive details about each study.Our statistical analysis used a random-effects model to calculate the pooled prevalence and confidence intervals,stratifying results by regional location.We assessed study heterogeneity using Cochran's Q statistic and I²statistic,with regression tests employed to evaluate potential publication bias.RESULTS We analyzed 737 records from five databases,ultimately including 13 studies f展开更多
Introduction: The prison environment is a conducive environment for the development of psychiatric pathologies such as depression and suicidal ideation. To date, no related study has been conducted in Douala, Cameroon...Introduction: The prison environment is a conducive environment for the development of psychiatric pathologies such as depression and suicidal ideation. To date, no related study has been conducted in Douala, Cameroon. We have therefore undertaken to study the prevalence of these pathologies and their related factors among inmates of the Douala Central Prison. Method: We conducted a cross-sectional study of 309 prisoners over a 6-month period from 1 January to 31 June 2022. This involved prisoners aged 18 years and over, who were consenting and able to read and write. Data were collected during individual interviews using a structured questionnaire. Depression was assessed by the BECK Short Form Depression Inventory and suicidal ideation was assessed by the MINI. These data were processed using the SPSS version 25.0 software. The related factors were studied in bivariate and multivariate analysis. Results: Most of the prisoners were male (97%), and more than half knew their criminal status. The prevalence of depression was 33.7% and that of suicide ideation was 22.7%. Among the factors associated with depression were receiving social visits and suicidal ideation. A history of physical/psychological abuse, repeated offences and prison violence were protective factors. Factors associated with suicidal ideation were the absence of social visits, physical abuse in childhood, smoking in prison and depression. Suicidal ideation was independently associated with depression as well as depression being independently associated with suicidal ideation. Conclusion: About 1/3 of the prisoners had depression and almost 1/4 had suicidal ideations. As a result of this and the related factors, there is a need to reorganize psychiatric care within our prison context.展开更多
Background and Objective: Nowadays, the clinical utility of carbapenems is threatened by the emergence of resistant bacteria, favored by its increasing use. According to the WHO, Acinetobacter baumannii: nosocomial in...Background and Objective: Nowadays, the clinical utility of carbapenems is threatened by the emergence of resistant bacteria, favored by its increasing use. According to the WHO, Acinetobacter baumannii: nosocomial infection agent, tops the list of priority antibiotic-resistant pathogens, considered to be the riskiest for humans. This study sought to determine the prevalence of carbapenemase-producing Acinetobacter baumannii strains in four health facilities in the Center and Littoral regions of Cameroon and the associated risk factors. Materials and Method: An analytical cross-sectional study was conducted over a six-month period from January to June 2022. All suspicious A. baumanii isolates obtained from pathological samples at the bacteriology laboratory of the different health facilities were systematically collected and re-identified. Re-identification and antimicrobial susceptibility Testing (AST) were performed using the VITEK 2 System and the Kirby-Bauer method according to the guidelines of the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI). Detection and phenotypic characterization of carbapenemases was performed according to adequate standard procedures. Results: A total of 168/226 clinical isolates of Acinetobacter baumannii were confirmed after re-identification, among which 52.69% derived from male patients, 55.09% from participants aged between 10 - 39 years old, and 46.71% from pus samples. A very high resistance rates to all families of antibiotics was noted, except to colistin (10.2%). 40.12% of these isolates produced carbapenemase, represented by 62.69% of class B and 37.31% of class A. Carbapenemase production was observed only at HMR1, Centre region and at Laquintinie hospital, Littoral region with 53.33% and 50% respectively, even if there is no significant difference (P = 0.81). In addition, frequent hospitalisation was significantly associated to the production of carbapenemase among A. baumanii (Adjusted-OR = 16.53, P-value 0.0001). Conclusion: This study highlighted the emergence o展开更多
Background: Carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae (CPE) are an important and increasing threat to global health. They are nowadays more encountered routinely in hospitals and cause high morbidity and mortality du...Background: Carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae (CPE) are an important and increasing threat to global health. They are nowadays more encountered routinely in hospitals and cause high morbidity and mortality due to limited therapeutic alternatives. This study sought to determine the prevalence of CPE in Yaoundé teaching hospital, Cameroon, and the associated risk factors. Materials and Method: To achieve this goal, a descriptive cross-sectional study coupled to an analytical component with consecutive collection of Enterobacteria strains was carried out during a three-month period (from 27<sup>th</sup> July to 24<sup>th</sup> October 2018) in the University Teaching Hospital of Yaoundé, Cameroon. The oxidase and biochemical identification tests using a miniaturized Api 20 E system were performed on colonies grown on Eosin Methylene Blue (EMB) medium and subcultured on nutrient agar. Drug susceptibility testing was carried out according to the Antibiogram Committee of the French Society of Microbiology (CA-SFM 2018.V.2.0). The detection of carbapenemase production was performed by the CA-SFM 2018 algorithm for the screening of carbapenemase-producing enterobacteriaceae and its classification by inhibitory synergy tests. Results: Out of the 104 isolates, Escherichia coli (50%) was the most prevalent species, followed by Klebsiella pneumoniae (37.5%) and Citrobacter frendii (12.5%). Drugs susceptibility patterns showed a high resistance to penicillins group (97.4% to amoxicillin), cephalosporins (68.4% to cefotaxim, 58.1% to cefixim, 60.7% to ceftazidim, 57.1% of cefoxitin) and aztreonam (55.7%). However, 11.9% carbapenems related resistance was noticed: 14.4% to imipenem, 13.8% to ertapenem and 7.5% to meropenem. Numerous co-resistance to quinolones (65.8%), fluoroquinolones (49.6%), aminoglycosides (49.6%) and cotrimoxazole (71.8%) were also observed. From 104 isolates, AmpC production represented 23.08% (25/104) and 36.54% (38/104) were ESBL-isolates. The overall prevalence of CPE was 25% (26/104) with K展开更多
Background and Objective: In developing countries, the steep increase in septicaemia cases is a major health problem that creates the biggest challenge for clinicians in the selection of appropriate antimicrobial agen...Background and Objective: In developing countries, the steep increase in septicaemia cases is a major health problem that creates the biggest challenge for clinicians in the selection of appropriate antimicrobial agents. This is further complicated by the development of resistance in organisms to antimicrobial agents, which is the mainstay of treatment. The aim of this study was to determine the antimicrobial resistance patterns of bacterial isolates associated with sepsis among hospitalized patients including the detection of Methicillin Resistance Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and Extended Spectrum Beta lactamases (ESBLs). Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out for 5 months at the Yaounde University Teaching Hospital. Bacterial species were isolated from 150 blood samples collected from hospitalized patients. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was carried out using the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method. The isolates were tested for methicillin resistance and ESBLs. Results: The prevalence of septicaemia was 16% (24/150) among hospitalized patients. In our study, 75% (18/24) of infections were caused by Gram- negative and 25% (6/24) by Gram-positive bacteria. Klebsiella spp., Escherichia coli, and Staphylococcus aureus were the most common isolates. The antibiotic susceptibility patterns of the isolates showed that Gram-negative bacteria were highly resistant to Amoxicillin clavulanic acid and ceftriaxone while the Gram- positive bacteria were highly resistant to minocycline. Fifty percent (3/6) of the isolated S. aureus were methicillin-resistant and 27.8% (5/18) of the isolated Enterobacteriaceae were ESBLs producers. In multivariable logistic regression analysis, temperature above 37.9℃ (AOR = 4.455;95% Cl = 1.458 - 15.693;p = 0.033) and being under respiratory assistance (AOR = 4.311;95% Cl = 1.458 - 12.749;p = 0.008) were significantly associated with septicaemia. Conclusion: The Occurrence of multidrug-resistant strains in this study emphasizes the need for continuous surveillance in hospitals展开更多
Mesenchymal stromal cells(MSCs) are adult multipotent stem cells residing as pericytes in various tissues and organs where they can differentiate into specialized cells to replace dying cells and damaged tissues. Thes...Mesenchymal stromal cells(MSCs) are adult multipotent stem cells residing as pericytes in various tissues and organs where they can differentiate into specialized cells to replace dying cells and damaged tissues. These cells are commonly found at injury sites and in tumors that are known to behave like "wounds that do not heal." In this article, we discuss the mechanisms of MSCs in migrating, homing, and repairing injured tissues. We also review a number of reports showing that tumor microenvironment triggers plasticity mechanisms in MSCs to induce malignant neoplastic tissue formation, maintenance, and chemoresistance, as well as tumor growth. The antitumor properties and therapeutic potential of MSCs are also discussed.展开更多
<strong>Background:</strong><span><span><span style="font-family:;" "=""><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> A bicornuate uterus is a relatively c...<strong>Background:</strong><span><span><span style="font-family:;" "=""><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> A bicornuate uterus is a relatively common and often asymptomatic congenital uterine malformation. </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Objective:</span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> The aim of this work is to highlight the diagnostic difficulty in this case, as well as its therapeutic and prognostic aspects. We report here the case of a young girl carrying a pregnancy on an undiagnosed unicollis bicornuate uterus, which was initially diagnosed as an unruptured ectopic pregnancy. </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Conclusion:</span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> The bicornuate uterus still poses diagnostic difficulties, especially in disadvantaged populations due to the poor accessibility of diagnostic means.</span></span></span></span>展开更多
The pain experienced during labour varies from one person to another. The objective of this study is to evaluate the experience of analgesia during labour in three maternity hospitals in Cameroon. Methodology: This wa...The pain experienced during labour varies from one person to another. The objective of this study is to evaluate the experience of analgesia during labour in three maternity hospitals in Cameroon. Methodology: This was a cross-sectional analytical study conducted over 4 months, from 1 December 2019 to 31 March 2020, at the Yaoundé Gynaecological-Obstetric Hospital, the Yaoundé Central Hospital and the Douala General Hospital. We compared 35 parturients who delivered vaginally under analgesia and 79 parturients who delivered without analgesia. The data collected were compared using Chi 2 and Fischer tests with a significance level of P Results: Parturients aged 30 - 40 years (P = 0.03), public sector employees (P = 0.002) and private sector employees (P Conclusion: Analgesia delivery offers a better birth experience, however it may have negligible side effects.展开更多
Background: Prostate cancer, which is the second most frequent cancer diagnosis made in men, more commonly occurs in the elderly. This disease is often diagnosed late in resource-limited settings, which results in peo...Background: Prostate cancer, which is the second most frequent cancer diagnosis made in men, more commonly occurs in the elderly. This disease is often diagnosed late in resource-limited settings, which results in people having advanced forms of the disease and a poor prognosis. This study aimed to identify factors indicative of prostate cancer aggressivity and a poor prognosis in patients with prostate cancer at a single center in Douala, Cameroon. Methods: We performed a retrospective study from 2015 to 2020 at the Centre medico-chirugical d’urologie in Douala, Cameroon, in which we included 203 patients aged 41 years to 85 years who had prostate cancer diagnosed via histopathology after either prostate biopsyor laparoscopic prostatectomy. Epi-info 7 was used for data analysis and logistic regression analyses were performed to identify factors associated with prostate cancer aggressivity and patients’ outcomes (survival or mortality). Results: The mean age of our study participants was 64.76 ± 7.48 years. Ten patients had a contributive family history of prostate cancer. The patients presented with lower urinary tract symptoms in 61.58% of cases. All patients had serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels of >4 ng/ml, 100 patients were anemic, and 36 patients had aggressive forms of the disease. Eighty-eight patients had remarkable digital rectal examination (DRE) findings. The median prostate volume, as determined via transrectal ultrasonography (TRUS), was 59 [43 - 80] ml. Fifty-nine patients had abnormal prostate echostructures, and 33 patients died during follow-up. The presence of paraplegia and the practice of professions requiring unskilled labor were significantly associated with aggressive prostate cancer. The presence of lymphoedema, abnormal DRE findings, anemia, enlarged prostate glands (prostate volume >50 ml), and abnormal prostatic echostructures were significantly associated with both prostate cancer aggressivity and patients’ outcomes. Conclusion: The late diagnosis of prostate cancer 展开更多
<strong>Background:</strong> Varicocele is an abnormal dilation and tortuosity of the internal spermatic veins within the pampiniform plexus veins draining the testicle. The principle of varicocele treatme...<strong>Background:</strong> Varicocele is an abnormal dilation and tortuosity of the internal spermatic veins within the pampiniform plexus veins draining the testicle. The principle of varicocele treatment is to block the reflux in the internal spermatic vein while preserving the internal spermatic artery, lymphatics and <em>vas deferens</em>. Treatment can be performed through percutaneous venous embolization or surgical correction, either open or laparoscopic approach. The purpose of the study was to review our experience in the management of laparoscopic varicocele repair and to assess the outcomes after operation. <strong>M</strong><strong>ethods:</strong> We retrospectively reviewed files of patients who underwent laparoscopic varicocelectomy from January 2010 to December 2009 in three health center of Yaoundé (Cameroon). Clinical and diagnosis features of varicocele, indication for surgery, operative procedure and outcomes, as well as long-term follow-up of were analyzed. <strong>Results:</strong> A total of 74 file of patients were collected. The average age of patients was 36.93 years old. Among them, 43 (58.11%) had varicocele grade 1, 21 (28.38%) grade 2, and 2 (2.70%) grade 3. Fifty-four (72.97%) cases had bilateral varicocele, 17 (22.97%) and 3 (4.05%) patients had left and right varicocele respectively. 42(56.7%) patients complained for fertility problem. Scrotal pain was found in 26 (35.13%) cases. The pneumoperitoneum was achieved in all cases through a supra-umbilical open coelioscopy with the insertion of a 10 mm-optic port. Two 5 mm working ports were used in all cases. Dilated veins were clipped without section simple in 56 cases (75.68%). the mean operative time was 31.9 min ± 8.6 min. With a mean follow-up period of 27 months, we recorded 4.05% of recurrence and hydrocele in 1 case (1.35%), symptoms’ regression in 87% of cases and pregnancy in 65.9% of cases of infertility. <strong>Conclusion:</strong> Laparoscopic varicocelectomy is feasible and safe in our setting, with good results. 展开更多
<b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Background and Purpose: </span></b><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Klebsiella</span></i><span style=&q...<b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Background and Purpose: </span></b><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Klebsiella</span></i><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> species are amongst the most common causes of a variety of community-acquired and hospital-acquired infections (HAI), characterized by high morbidity and mortality rates. Most infections caused by </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Klebsiella</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> species are usually treated using antibiotics. The aim of this study was to determine the antimicrobial resistance profile of </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Klebsiella</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> species isolated from in-patients and out-patients at the Yaounde University Teaching Hospital. The data generated will go a long way to improve on the choice of an adequate empiric antibiotic treatment for infections caused by </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Klebsiella</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> species. </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Methodology: </span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">A cross</span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">-</span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">sectional descriptive study was carried out over a period of 6 months, spanning from February 2019 to July 2019 with a sample size of 37 isolates, obtained from 6 different clinical specimens. Identification of isolates was done using API 20E identification system (Bio</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">merieux SA, Lyon, France). Susceptibility to antibiotics was tested as de</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">scribed by Kirby-Bauer in 1956. Inhibition diameters were interpreted according to recommendations from the European Committee on Antimicrobial Suscepti</span><span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">bility Testing (EUCAST, 2019). </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Results and Conclusion: </span></b><span style="font-展开更多
文摘Master developmental pathways, such as Notch, Wnt, and Hedgehog, are signaling systems that control proliferation, cell death,motility, migration, and stemness. These systems are not only commonly activated in many solid tumors, where they drive or contribute to cancer initiation, but also in primary and metastatic tumor development. The reactivation of developmental pathways in cancer stroma favors the development of cancer stem cells and allows their maintenance, indicating these signaling pathways as particularly attractive targets for efficient anticancer therapies, especially in advanced primary tumors and metastatic cancers. Metastasis is the worst feature of cancer development. This feature results from a cascade of events emerging from the hijacking of epithelial-mesenchymal transition, angiogenesis, migration, and invasion by transforming cells and is associated with poor survival, drug resistance, and tumor relapse. In the present review, we summarize and discuss experimental data suggesting pivotal roles for developmental pathways in cancer development and metastasis, considering the therapeutic potential. Emerging targeted antimetastatic therapies based on Notch, Wnt, and Hedgehog pathways are also discussed.
文摘Strawberry (Fragaria spp.) is one of the most important fruits classified as exotic fruits imported into Cameroon. To have an inventory of its cultivation in Cameroon, a survey study was carried out among eight farms of Fragaria spp. from January 2021 to February 2022. The plant was introduced in Cameroon in 2018. There are 13 varieties of Fragaria spp. currently cultivated. Among these 13 varieties, eleven are hybrids of Fragaria x ananassa (“Amiga”, “Amine”, “Camarosa”, “Chandler”, “Charlotte”, “Elsanta”, “Gariguette”, “Madame Moutot”, “Ostara”, “Ruby gem” and “San Andreas”), and two of the hybrids of Fragaria vesca (“Maestro” and “Mara des bois”). The cropping system, irrigation system, and type of fertilizers applied differ from one strawberry farm to another. Biofertilizers (such as mycorrhizal), inorganic and organic fertilizers are actually used to improve production. The potential annual production of strawberries from January 2021 to February 2022, estimated based on the survey data, was 21.216 tons for all growers. Among these eight production farms, the Lolodorf BIO Farm presents 6000 kg (six tons) of strawberries and 100,000 stolons (seedlings) produced, from seven varieties of Fragaria spp. cultivated, with 6 varieties which are hybrids variety Fragaria x ananassa (“Amiga”, “Amine”, “Chandler”, “Gariguette”, “Madame Moutot”, and “Ruby gem”), and one which is a hybrid of Fragaria vesca (“Mara des bois”). Certain diseases were also observed and recorded depending on the growing areas.
文摘Introduction and Objectives: Soil-Transmitted-Helminthiasis (STH) is a public health problem in Cameroon. The control strategies currently in place, particularly chemoprevention, has shortcomings linked to the target population, which are school-age children. The objective was to determine the prevalence and the risk factors associated with geo-helminthiasis in children aged 0 to 3 years in a rural health district. Method: From December 2020 to May 2021, a descriptive and analytical cross-sectional study of 376 children between 6 and 36 months was carried out in the Akonolinga health district. This was a cluster sampling in 4 health areas. Stool samples were collected and analysed using the mini-FLOTAC method. The results expressed as the number of eggs per gram of stool. A questionnaire on socio-demographic and lifestyle data was administered to the parents. The Chi-squared test was used to measure the association between geo-helminth infection and the data collected. A multivariate analysis using logistic regression was performed (p 0.05). Results: The prevalence of STH was 19.4% (Ascaris lumbricoides: 16% and Trichuris trichiura: 8%). Risk factors were: consumption of contaminated water (AOR = 1.93 [1.03 - 3.6];p = 0.040), early contact of the child with the ground (before age of 4 months) (AOR = 4.9 [2.1 - 11.37];p .001), habit of walking barefoot (AOR = 2.91 [1.1 - 7.97];p = 0.038), and living in a habitat with unpaved ground (AOR = 7.4 [1.55 - 35.7];p = 0.012). Conclusion: The prevalence of STHs in infants was high. Preventive chemotherapy should be extended to this age-group, and other measures intensified.
文摘With the aim of assessing floristic diversity, stand structure and vegetation ecology, the present work was carried out in the savanna mosaic forest of the locality of Ndjole (Centre Cameroon). A total of 30 floristic plots of 40 m × 40 m (1600 m<sup>2</sup>) were delineated in the different ecosystems (forest, forest-savanna contact zone and the savanna). Within each plot, all individuals with a diameter at breast height ≥ 10 cm at 1.30 m were taken into account. ANOVA was used to compare the means of the diversity indices of the different ecosystems, and the DUNCAN test at 5% significance level (XLSTAT 2016) to separate these means. A total of 85 species belonging to 67 genera and 33 families were recorded. That is, 68 species in semi-caducifolia forest, 45 in forest-savanna contact zone and 18 in savanna. Urticaceae, Combretaceae, Apocynaceae, Myristicaceae and Euphorbiaceae are the most diverse families in the forest. On the other hand, in contact zones, the Euphorbiaceae, Fabaceae, Annonaceae and Moraceae families are the most diversified, while in the savannas, the Combretaceae, Fabaceae and Annonaceae families are the most diversified. Shannon’s diversity index values (1.7 to 2.37 bits) reflect low specific diversity;Piélou’s equitability (0.86 to 0.9) shows good distribution of individuals within species. The diametric structure of woody species shows an inverted “J” shape in all plant communities. This indicates a high regeneration potential characterized by a greater number of small trees than large trees. Mesophanerophytes and megaphanerophytes are dominant in forests and forest-savanna contact zones, and microphanerophytes in the savannas. Endozoochory is the main mode of diaspore dissemination. As regards the distribution of phytogeographical types, it shows the overall dominance of Guineo-Congolese species in all plant communities. Our study provides detailed data on forest-savanna floristic and plant life traits in the mosaic and recommends further studies on the impact of environmental
文摘Background: Klebsiella spp. are bacteria of medical importance for their role in opportunistic infections which are often difficult to treat because of resistance to one or several antimicrobials. The aim of this study was to determine antimicrobial resistance due to Extended Spectrum Beta-lactamase (ESBL), Class C cephalosporinase (AmpC) and carbapenemase enzymes in Klebsiella spp. isolated from patients consulted at four hospitals. Methodology: The study was cross-sectional and descriptive. A total of 4190 non-repetitive patients specimens from 13 types of clinical specimens were analysed from February to November 2020. Two hundred and twenty-five (225) Klebsiella spp isolates were identified using API 20E and antimicrobial susceptibility testing done according to the Kirby Bauer disc diffusion method. ESBL and AmpC phenotypes were determined by the combination disc method and carbapenemases by double disc synergy method, referenced by EUCAST guidelines for the resistance testing. Results: The frequency of the species was Klebsiella pneumoniae (69%, 155/255), K. oxytoca (14%, 31/255), K. ozaenae (12%, 27/225) and K. rhinoscleromatis (5%, 11/225). Isolates were most resistant to sulphomethoxazole trimethoprim (84%, 189/225), cepaholosporins (80%, 180/225), and least resistant to carbapenems (10.7%, 24/225). Two K. oxytoca and one K. pneumoniae were resistant to all antibiotics tested. Klebsiella pneumoniae had the most multidrug resistant isolates (59.4%, 134/225). Most isolates (83.6%, 188/225) expressed at least one enzyme, while 63.6% (143/225) of the isolates expressed at least two enzymes. Some isolates were ESBL (71.6%, 161/225), carbapenemase (10.7%, 24/225) and AmpC (6.6%, 15/225) producers. Three carbapenemases (Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase-KPC, Metallo-Beta Lactamase-MBL and OXA-48) were detected. Conclusion: These results revealed that resistance of Klebsiella spp. to cephalosporins is high and this may be exacerbated by co-expression of AmpC and carbapenemases aggravating associated patient mo
文摘Background: Cardiovascular diseases such as hypertension (HTN) are one of the main causes of death in Cameroon. This study aimed at assessing prevalence disparities and determinants of hypertension amongst Bamiléké adults residing in two different agroecological zones of Cameroon. Methods: A cross-sectional and descriptive survey was conducted among Bamiléké population living in the Highlands zone (Western region) and in the Monomodal Rainforest zone (Littoral region) of Cameroon from August 2016 to August 2017. Participants (962) were aged at least 20 years old. Data on sociodemographic, hemodynamic, anthropometric, and biochemical parameters and lifestyle of the participants were collected. Results: Results obtained revealed that 34.2% were hypertensive and those residing in the highland zone were more affected than those living in the monomodal rainforest zone (44.5% vs 22.9%). The different subtypes of HTN (Isolated systolic hypertension (14.1%), isolated diastolic hypertension (7.2%) and Systo-diastolic hypertension (23.3%)) were also more prevalent in the Highlands Zone. The most prevalent stage of HTN was pre-HTN (31.5%). However, people living in the monomodal rainforest zone were more affected by pre-HTN compared to Bamiléké living in the highland zone (33.6% vs. 29.6%). Results also showed that high consumption (≥ 3 times/week) of carbohydrate- and fat-rich foods, ageing, obesity, and marital status were associated with high blood pressure in both agroecological zones. Besides, secondary education (OR = 0.68;95% CI: 0.42 - 0.99) in the Highlands Zone and high (≥3 times/week) vegetable consumption (OR = 0.66;95% CI: 0.44 - 0.98) in the Monomodal Rainforest Zone had a protective effect on elevated blood pressure of population. Conclusion: There is a disparity in the prevalence of hypertension and some of its determinants among Bamiléké adults residing in different agroecological zones. This work highlights the need to advocate for local and ethno-cultural health policies to prevent, diagnose a
文摘Bamendou (West Cameroon), has a huge potential in natural resources, especially sands. However, the use of these materials in civil engineering works leads to the appearance of numerous pathologies which in some cases lead to the total ruin of the works. In order to overcome these infrastructural problems, the main objective of this study is set at the improvement of the service life of structures built in Cameroon using local materials formed under climatic, geological and geotechnical conditions similar to those of materials in Bamendou. Eight sand samples were taken from the most representative and exploited quarries. The identification and classification of the sand taken from the most representative quarries in the study area show that they are mainly clayey, with an average sand equivalent of 57.54. In terms of granulometry, the curves of several sand samples do not fall within the granular range of sands used in the formulation of concrete. The modulus of fineness obtained by particle size analysis varies from 2.91 to 3.92 with an average of 3.31.
文摘<strong>Introduction:</strong><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> The first case of the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic in Cameroon was confirmed on March 6, 2020. Though widely considered that pregnant women are more susceptible to respiratory tract infections, the available body of literature on the effect of COVID-19 on pregnancy outcomes is shy from being conclusive. In Cameroon, the Douala Gyneco-Obstetric and Pediatric Hospital (DGOPH) was one of the main frontline tertiary health facilities for the management of severe forms of the disease. After four months of managing COVID-19 cases in the general population and especially in pregnant women at the DGOPH, we decided to take a stop, analyze our findings from the patients managed in order to drive future policies and clinical practices via informed decisions. </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Overall objective: </span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">To describe and understand the clinical burden of patients managed for COVID</span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">-</span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">19 in pregnancy or post-partum at the DGOPH.</span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> Methodology:</span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> Cross</span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">-</span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">sectional and descriptive study covering four months—March 24</span><sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;">th</span></sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> to July 24</span><sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;">th</span></sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> 2020 at DGOPH. Using a pretested questionnaire, we systematically enrolled all patients who fulfilled the inclusion criteria, with analysis done using proportions from an excel spreadsheet.</span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> Results: </span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">A total of 18 on the 301 pregnant women consulte
文摘Brucellosis is an anthropozoonotic disease with an important public health impact. Although the transmission of <em>Brucella</em> from animals to humans can occur in different epidemiological settings of sub-Saharan African countries, little data has been published on human brucellosis. This study aimed to detect <em>Brucella</em> antibodies and the risk factors associated to brucellosis among high-risk occupational groups of people in the Noun Division of Cameroon. For this study, a structured questionnaire was used to assess risk factors associated with human brucellosis. Thereafter, blood samples were collected from high-risk occupational groups of people in four villages. Plasma was extracted from each sample and<em> Brucella</em> antibodies were detected using Rose Bengal Plate Test (RBPT) and indirect Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (i-ELISA). Of the 273 participants enrolled, the overall seroprevalence of <em>Brucella </em>antibodies was 12.45% with RBPT and 10.26% with i-ELISA test. This seroprevalence was significantly (<em>P</em> = 0.04;<em>X</em><sup>2</sup> = 9.73) higher among livestock herdsmen (15.8%), slaughterhouse workers (9.8%), butchers (4.8%), participants having no educational level (14.3%) and those experiencing above 5 years of risky activity (15%). Raw milk consumption (OR: 4.8;<em>P</em> = 0.001), no formal education (OR: 6.4;<em>P</em> = 0.03) and assistance of animal during parturition (OR: 7.2;<em>P</em> < 0.0001) appeared as factors that may increase the risk of <em>Brucella</em> infections. The detection of <em>Brucella </em>antibodies indicates the risk of human brucellosis in some groups of people of the Noun division. Consuming unpasteurized milk, participating in parturition and lacking knowledge on brucellosis appeared as risk factors associated with human brucellosis in western Cameroon. It raises the need of developing and implementing control measures for human and animal brucellosis.
文摘BACKGROUND The rising prevalence of carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii(CRAB)in neonatal intensive care units(NICUs)represents an escalating challenge in healthcare settings,particularly in managing hospital-acquired infections(HAIs).Studies across various World Health Organization regions have documented a significant incidence of CRAB-related HAIs,with rates as high as 41.7 cases per 1000 patients in ICUs,accounting for 13.6%of all HAIs.These infections pose a doubled mortality risk compared to infections with carbapenem-susceptible Acinetobacter baumannii.A particularly concerning aspect of CRAB colonization is its asymptomatic nature,enabling its transmission through healthcare workers(HCWs)or the NICU environment to vulnerable neonates with developing immune systems.AIM To explore the prevalence of CRAB colonization in NICUs,focusing on neonates,healthcare workers,and the environmental samples,to enhance epidemiological understanding and inform targeted interventions.METHODS We conducted according to PRISMA 2020 checklist guidelines,a comprehensive literature search across multiple databases including MEDLINE(Ovid),EMBASE(Ovid),Global Health(Ovid),Web of Science,and Global Index Me-dicus.Studies were selected based on predetermined criteria,primarily involving neonates,HCWs,and environmental swabs,using culture or molecular methods to detect CRAB colonization.We excluded studies that did not specifically focus on NICUs,were duplicates,or lacked necessary data.The study selection and quality assessment were conducted independently by two reviewers.Data extraction involved collecting comprehensive details about each study.Our statistical analysis used a random-effects model to calculate the pooled prevalence and confidence intervals,stratifying results by regional location.We assessed study heterogeneity using Cochran's Q statistic and I²statistic,with regression tests employed to evaluate potential publication bias.RESULTS We analyzed 737 records from five databases,ultimately including 13 studies f
文摘Introduction: The prison environment is a conducive environment for the development of psychiatric pathologies such as depression and suicidal ideation. To date, no related study has been conducted in Douala, Cameroon. We have therefore undertaken to study the prevalence of these pathologies and their related factors among inmates of the Douala Central Prison. Method: We conducted a cross-sectional study of 309 prisoners over a 6-month period from 1 January to 31 June 2022. This involved prisoners aged 18 years and over, who were consenting and able to read and write. Data were collected during individual interviews using a structured questionnaire. Depression was assessed by the BECK Short Form Depression Inventory and suicidal ideation was assessed by the MINI. These data were processed using the SPSS version 25.0 software. The related factors were studied in bivariate and multivariate analysis. Results: Most of the prisoners were male (97%), and more than half knew their criminal status. The prevalence of depression was 33.7% and that of suicide ideation was 22.7%. Among the factors associated with depression were receiving social visits and suicidal ideation. A history of physical/psychological abuse, repeated offences and prison violence were protective factors. Factors associated with suicidal ideation were the absence of social visits, physical abuse in childhood, smoking in prison and depression. Suicidal ideation was independently associated with depression as well as depression being independently associated with suicidal ideation. Conclusion: About 1/3 of the prisoners had depression and almost 1/4 had suicidal ideations. As a result of this and the related factors, there is a need to reorganize psychiatric care within our prison context.
文摘Background and Objective: Nowadays, the clinical utility of carbapenems is threatened by the emergence of resistant bacteria, favored by its increasing use. According to the WHO, Acinetobacter baumannii: nosocomial infection agent, tops the list of priority antibiotic-resistant pathogens, considered to be the riskiest for humans. This study sought to determine the prevalence of carbapenemase-producing Acinetobacter baumannii strains in four health facilities in the Center and Littoral regions of Cameroon and the associated risk factors. Materials and Method: An analytical cross-sectional study was conducted over a six-month period from January to June 2022. All suspicious A. baumanii isolates obtained from pathological samples at the bacteriology laboratory of the different health facilities were systematically collected and re-identified. Re-identification and antimicrobial susceptibility Testing (AST) were performed using the VITEK 2 System and the Kirby-Bauer method according to the guidelines of the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI). Detection and phenotypic characterization of carbapenemases was performed according to adequate standard procedures. Results: A total of 168/226 clinical isolates of Acinetobacter baumannii were confirmed after re-identification, among which 52.69% derived from male patients, 55.09% from participants aged between 10 - 39 years old, and 46.71% from pus samples. A very high resistance rates to all families of antibiotics was noted, except to colistin (10.2%). 40.12% of these isolates produced carbapenemase, represented by 62.69% of class B and 37.31% of class A. Carbapenemase production was observed only at HMR1, Centre region and at Laquintinie hospital, Littoral region with 53.33% and 50% respectively, even if there is no significant difference (P = 0.81). In addition, frequent hospitalisation was significantly associated to the production of carbapenemase among A. baumanii (Adjusted-OR = 16.53, P-value 0.0001). Conclusion: This study highlighted the emergence o
文摘Background: Carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae (CPE) are an important and increasing threat to global health. They are nowadays more encountered routinely in hospitals and cause high morbidity and mortality due to limited therapeutic alternatives. This study sought to determine the prevalence of CPE in Yaoundé teaching hospital, Cameroon, and the associated risk factors. Materials and Method: To achieve this goal, a descriptive cross-sectional study coupled to an analytical component with consecutive collection of Enterobacteria strains was carried out during a three-month period (from 27<sup>th</sup> July to 24<sup>th</sup> October 2018) in the University Teaching Hospital of Yaoundé, Cameroon. The oxidase and biochemical identification tests using a miniaturized Api 20 E system were performed on colonies grown on Eosin Methylene Blue (EMB) medium and subcultured on nutrient agar. Drug susceptibility testing was carried out according to the Antibiogram Committee of the French Society of Microbiology (CA-SFM 2018.V.2.0). The detection of carbapenemase production was performed by the CA-SFM 2018 algorithm for the screening of carbapenemase-producing enterobacteriaceae and its classification by inhibitory synergy tests. Results: Out of the 104 isolates, Escherichia coli (50%) was the most prevalent species, followed by Klebsiella pneumoniae (37.5%) and Citrobacter frendii (12.5%). Drugs susceptibility patterns showed a high resistance to penicillins group (97.4% to amoxicillin), cephalosporins (68.4% to cefotaxim, 58.1% to cefixim, 60.7% to ceftazidim, 57.1% of cefoxitin) and aztreonam (55.7%). However, 11.9% carbapenems related resistance was noticed: 14.4% to imipenem, 13.8% to ertapenem and 7.5% to meropenem. Numerous co-resistance to quinolones (65.8%), fluoroquinolones (49.6%), aminoglycosides (49.6%) and cotrimoxazole (71.8%) were also observed. From 104 isolates, AmpC production represented 23.08% (25/104) and 36.54% (38/104) were ESBL-isolates. The overall prevalence of CPE was 25% (26/104) with K
文摘Background and Objective: In developing countries, the steep increase in septicaemia cases is a major health problem that creates the biggest challenge for clinicians in the selection of appropriate antimicrobial agents. This is further complicated by the development of resistance in organisms to antimicrobial agents, which is the mainstay of treatment. The aim of this study was to determine the antimicrobial resistance patterns of bacterial isolates associated with sepsis among hospitalized patients including the detection of Methicillin Resistance Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and Extended Spectrum Beta lactamases (ESBLs). Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out for 5 months at the Yaounde University Teaching Hospital. Bacterial species were isolated from 150 blood samples collected from hospitalized patients. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was carried out using the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method. The isolates were tested for methicillin resistance and ESBLs. Results: The prevalence of septicaemia was 16% (24/150) among hospitalized patients. In our study, 75% (18/24) of infections were caused by Gram- negative and 25% (6/24) by Gram-positive bacteria. Klebsiella spp., Escherichia coli, and Staphylococcus aureus were the most common isolates. The antibiotic susceptibility patterns of the isolates showed that Gram-negative bacteria were highly resistant to Amoxicillin clavulanic acid and ceftriaxone while the Gram- positive bacteria were highly resistant to minocycline. Fifty percent (3/6) of the isolated S. aureus were methicillin-resistant and 27.8% (5/18) of the isolated Enterobacteriaceae were ESBLs producers. In multivariable logistic regression analysis, temperature above 37.9℃ (AOR = 4.455;95% Cl = 1.458 - 15.693;p = 0.033) and being under respiratory assistance (AOR = 4.311;95% Cl = 1.458 - 12.749;p = 0.008) were significantly associated with septicaemia. Conclusion: The Occurrence of multidrug-resistant strains in this study emphasizes the need for continuous surveillance in hospitals
文摘Mesenchymal stromal cells(MSCs) are adult multipotent stem cells residing as pericytes in various tissues and organs where they can differentiate into specialized cells to replace dying cells and damaged tissues. These cells are commonly found at injury sites and in tumors that are known to behave like "wounds that do not heal." In this article, we discuss the mechanisms of MSCs in migrating, homing, and repairing injured tissues. We also review a number of reports showing that tumor microenvironment triggers plasticity mechanisms in MSCs to induce malignant neoplastic tissue formation, maintenance, and chemoresistance, as well as tumor growth. The antitumor properties and therapeutic potential of MSCs are also discussed.
文摘<strong>Background:</strong><span><span><span style="font-family:;" "=""><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> A bicornuate uterus is a relatively common and often asymptomatic congenital uterine malformation. </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Objective:</span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> The aim of this work is to highlight the diagnostic difficulty in this case, as well as its therapeutic and prognostic aspects. We report here the case of a young girl carrying a pregnancy on an undiagnosed unicollis bicornuate uterus, which was initially diagnosed as an unruptured ectopic pregnancy. </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Conclusion:</span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> The bicornuate uterus still poses diagnostic difficulties, especially in disadvantaged populations due to the poor accessibility of diagnostic means.</span></span></span></span>
文摘The pain experienced during labour varies from one person to another. The objective of this study is to evaluate the experience of analgesia during labour in three maternity hospitals in Cameroon. Methodology: This was a cross-sectional analytical study conducted over 4 months, from 1 December 2019 to 31 March 2020, at the Yaoundé Gynaecological-Obstetric Hospital, the Yaoundé Central Hospital and the Douala General Hospital. We compared 35 parturients who delivered vaginally under analgesia and 79 parturients who delivered without analgesia. The data collected were compared using Chi 2 and Fischer tests with a significance level of P Results: Parturients aged 30 - 40 years (P = 0.03), public sector employees (P = 0.002) and private sector employees (P Conclusion: Analgesia delivery offers a better birth experience, however it may have negligible side effects.
文摘Background: Prostate cancer, which is the second most frequent cancer diagnosis made in men, more commonly occurs in the elderly. This disease is often diagnosed late in resource-limited settings, which results in people having advanced forms of the disease and a poor prognosis. This study aimed to identify factors indicative of prostate cancer aggressivity and a poor prognosis in patients with prostate cancer at a single center in Douala, Cameroon. Methods: We performed a retrospective study from 2015 to 2020 at the Centre medico-chirugical d’urologie in Douala, Cameroon, in which we included 203 patients aged 41 years to 85 years who had prostate cancer diagnosed via histopathology after either prostate biopsyor laparoscopic prostatectomy. Epi-info 7 was used for data analysis and logistic regression analyses were performed to identify factors associated with prostate cancer aggressivity and patients’ outcomes (survival or mortality). Results: The mean age of our study participants was 64.76 ± 7.48 years. Ten patients had a contributive family history of prostate cancer. The patients presented with lower urinary tract symptoms in 61.58% of cases. All patients had serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels of >4 ng/ml, 100 patients were anemic, and 36 patients had aggressive forms of the disease. Eighty-eight patients had remarkable digital rectal examination (DRE) findings. The median prostate volume, as determined via transrectal ultrasonography (TRUS), was 59 [43 - 80] ml. Fifty-nine patients had abnormal prostate echostructures, and 33 patients died during follow-up. The presence of paraplegia and the practice of professions requiring unskilled labor were significantly associated with aggressive prostate cancer. The presence of lymphoedema, abnormal DRE findings, anemia, enlarged prostate glands (prostate volume >50 ml), and abnormal prostatic echostructures were significantly associated with both prostate cancer aggressivity and patients’ outcomes. Conclusion: The late diagnosis of prostate cancer
文摘<strong>Background:</strong> Varicocele is an abnormal dilation and tortuosity of the internal spermatic veins within the pampiniform plexus veins draining the testicle. The principle of varicocele treatment is to block the reflux in the internal spermatic vein while preserving the internal spermatic artery, lymphatics and <em>vas deferens</em>. Treatment can be performed through percutaneous venous embolization or surgical correction, either open or laparoscopic approach. The purpose of the study was to review our experience in the management of laparoscopic varicocele repair and to assess the outcomes after operation. <strong>M</strong><strong>ethods:</strong> We retrospectively reviewed files of patients who underwent laparoscopic varicocelectomy from January 2010 to December 2009 in three health center of Yaoundé (Cameroon). Clinical and diagnosis features of varicocele, indication for surgery, operative procedure and outcomes, as well as long-term follow-up of were analyzed. <strong>Results:</strong> A total of 74 file of patients were collected. The average age of patients was 36.93 years old. Among them, 43 (58.11%) had varicocele grade 1, 21 (28.38%) grade 2, and 2 (2.70%) grade 3. Fifty-four (72.97%) cases had bilateral varicocele, 17 (22.97%) and 3 (4.05%) patients had left and right varicocele respectively. 42(56.7%) patients complained for fertility problem. Scrotal pain was found in 26 (35.13%) cases. The pneumoperitoneum was achieved in all cases through a supra-umbilical open coelioscopy with the insertion of a 10 mm-optic port. Two 5 mm working ports were used in all cases. Dilated veins were clipped without section simple in 56 cases (75.68%). the mean operative time was 31.9 min ± 8.6 min. With a mean follow-up period of 27 months, we recorded 4.05% of recurrence and hydrocele in 1 case (1.35%), symptoms’ regression in 87% of cases and pregnancy in 65.9% of cases of infertility. <strong>Conclusion:</strong> Laparoscopic varicocelectomy is feasible and safe in our setting, with good results.
文摘<b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Background and Purpose: </span></b><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Klebsiella</span></i><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> species are amongst the most common causes of a variety of community-acquired and hospital-acquired infections (HAI), characterized by high morbidity and mortality rates. Most infections caused by </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Klebsiella</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> species are usually treated using antibiotics. The aim of this study was to determine the antimicrobial resistance profile of </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Klebsiella</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> species isolated from in-patients and out-patients at the Yaounde University Teaching Hospital. The data generated will go a long way to improve on the choice of an adequate empiric antibiotic treatment for infections caused by </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Klebsiella</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> species. </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Methodology: </span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">A cross</span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">-</span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">sectional descriptive study was carried out over a period of 6 months, spanning from February 2019 to July 2019 with a sample size of 37 isolates, obtained from 6 different clinical specimens. Identification of isolates was done using API 20E identification system (Bio</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">merieux SA, Lyon, France). Susceptibility to antibiotics was tested as de</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">scribed by Kirby-Bauer in 1956. Inhibition diameters were interpreted according to recommendations from the European Committee on Antimicrobial Suscepti</span><span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">bility Testing (EUCAST, 2019). </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Results and Conclusion: </span></b><span style="font-
