One of the buzzwords in the Information Technology is Internet of Things (IoT). The future is Internet of Things, which will transform the real world objects into intelligent virtual objects. The IoT aims to unify eve...One of the buzzwords in the Information Technology is Internet of Things (IoT). The future is Internet of Things, which will transform the real world objects into intelligent virtual objects. The IoT aims to unify everything in our world under a common infrastructure, giving us not only control of things around us, but also keeping us informed of the state of the things. In Light of this, present study addresses IoT concepts through systematic review of scholarly research papers, corporate white papers, professional discussions with experts and online databases. Moreover this research article focuses on definitions, geneses, basic requirements, characteristics and aliases of Internet of Things. The main objective of this paper is to provide an overview of Internet of Things, architectures, and vital technologies and their usages in our daily life. However, this manuscript will give good comprehension for the new researchers, who want to do research in this field of Internet of Things (Technological GOD) and facilitate knowledge accumulation in efficiently.展开更多
Acute gastrointestinal bleeding(GIB) can lead to significant morbidity and mortality without appropriate treatment. There are numerous causes of acute GIB including but not limited to infection, vascular anomalies, in...Acute gastrointestinal bleeding(GIB) can lead to significant morbidity and mortality without appropriate treatment. There are numerous causes of acute GIB including but not limited to infection, vascular anomalies, inflammatory diseases, trauma, and malignancy. The diagnostic and therapeutic approach of GIB depends on its location, severity, and etiology. The role of interventional radiology becomes vital in patients whose GIB remains resistant to medical and endoscopic treatment. Radiology offers diagnostic imaging studies and endovascular therapeutic interventions that can be performed promptly and effectively with successful outcomes. Computed tomography angiography and nuclear scintigraphy can localize the source of bleeding and provide essential information for the interventional radiologist to guide therapeutic management with endovascular angiography and transcatheter embolization. This review article provides insight into the essential role of Interventional Radiology in the management of acute GIB.展开更多
Diagnostic errors are prevalent in critical care practice and are associated with patient harm and costs for providers and the healthcare system.Patient complexity,illness severity,and the urgency in initiating proper...Diagnostic errors are prevalent in critical care practice and are associated with patient harm and costs for providers and the healthcare system.Patient complexity,illness severity,and the urgency in initiating proper treatment all contribute to decision-making errors.Clinician-related factors such as fatigue,cognitive overload,and inexperience further interfere with effective decision-making.Cognitive science has provided insight into the clinical decision-making process that can be used to reduce error.This evidence-based review discusses ten common misconceptions regarding critical care decision-making.By understanding how practitioners make clinical decisions and examining how errors occur,strategies may be developed and implemented to decrease errors in Decision-making and improve patient outcomes.展开更多
AA5059 is one of the high strength armor grade aluminium alloy that finds its applications in the military vehicles due to the higher resistance against the armor piercing (AP) threats. This study aimed at finding the...AA5059 is one of the high strength armor grade aluminium alloy that finds its applications in the military vehicles due to the higher resistance against the armor piercing (AP) threats. This study aimed at finding the best suitable process among the fusion welding processes such as gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW) and gas metal arc welding (GMAW) by evaluating the tensile properties of AA5059 aluminium alloy joints. The fracture path was identified by mapping the low hardness distribution profile (LHDP) across the weld cross section under tensile loading. Optical and scanning electron microscopies were used to characterize the microstructural features of the welded joints at various zones. It is evident from the results that GTAW joints showed superior tensile properties compared to GMAW joints and this is primarily owing to the presence of finer grains in the weld metal zone (WMZ) and narrow heat-affected zone (HAZ). The lower heat input associated with the GTAW process effectively reduced the size of the WMZ and HAZ compared to GMAW process. Lower heat input of GTAW process results in faster cooling rate which hinders the grain growth and reduces the evaporation of magnesium in weld metal compared to GMAW joints. The fracture surface of GTAW joint consists of more dimples than GMAW joints which is an indication that the GTAW joint possess improved ductility than GMAW joint.展开更多
BACKGROUND There is paucity of data on outcomes of acute severe ulcerative colitis(ASUC)in older adults(≥60 years of age).AIM To assess steroid non-response rates during the index admission for ASUC in older adults.S...BACKGROUND There is paucity of data on outcomes of acute severe ulcerative colitis(ASUC)in older adults(≥60 years of age).AIM To assess steroid non-response rates during the index admission for ASUC in older adults.Secondary outcomes were response to medical rescue therapy and colectomy rates;at index admission,3 and 12 mo.METHODS This retrospective multicentre cohort study included ASUC admissions who received intravenous steroids between January 2013 and July 2020 at two tertiary hospitals.Electronic medical records were reviewed to collect clinical,biochemical,and endoscopic data.A modified Poisson regression model was used for analysis.RESULTS Of 226 ASUC episodes,45(19.9%)occurred in patients≥60 years of age.Steroid non-response rates were comparable in older adults and patients<60 years of age[19(42.2%)vs 85(47%),P=0.618],crude risk ratio(RR)=0.89[95%confidence interval(CI):0.61-1.30],adjusted RR=0.99(0.44-2.21).Rates of response to medical rescue therapy in older adults was comparable to the younger cohort[76.5%vs 85.7%,P=0.46,crude RR=0.89(0.67-1.17)].Index admission colectomy[13.3%vs 10.5%,P=0.598,crude RR=1.27(0.53-2.99),adjusted RR=1.43(0.34-6.06)],colectomy at 3 mo[20%vs 16.6%,P=0.66,crude RR=1.18(0.61-2.3),adjusted RR=1.31(0.32-0.53)]and colectomy at 12 mo[20%vs 23.2%,P=0.682,crude RR=0.85(0.45-1.57),adjusted RR=1.21(0.29-4.97)],were similar between the two groups.CONCLUSION In older adults with ASUC,the steroid non-response rate,response to medical rescue therapy,and colectomy rate at index admission,3 and 12 mo is similar to patients less than 60 years of age.展开更多
Epigenetic alterations are widespread in cancer and can complement genetic alterations to influence cancer progression and treatment outcome.To determine the potential contribution of DNA methylation alterations to tu...Epigenetic alterations are widespread in cancer and can complement genetic alterations to influence cancer progression and treatment outcome.To determine the potential contribution of DNA methylation alterations to tumor phenotype in non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC)in both smoker and never-smoker patients,we performed genome-wide profiling of DNA methylation in 17 primary NSCLC tumors and 10 matched normal lung samples using the complementary assays,methylated DNA immunoprecipitation sequencing(MeDIP-seq)and methylation sensitive restric-tion enzyme sequencing(MRE-seq).We reported recurrent methylation changes in the promoters of several genes,many previously implicated in cancer,including FAM83A and SEPT9(hy-pomethylation),as well as PCDH7,NKX2-1,and SOX17(hypermethylation).Although many methylation changes between tumors and their paired normal samples were shared across patients,several were specific to a particular smoking status.For example,never-smokers displayed a greater proportion of hypomethylated differentially methylated regions(hypoDMRs)and a greater number of recurrently hypomethylated promoters,including those of ASPSCRI,TOP2A,DPP9,and USP39,all previously linked to cancer.Changes outside of promoters were also widespread and often recurrent,particularly methylation loss over repetitive elements,highly enriched for ERV1 subfamilies.Recurrent hypoDMRs were enriched for several transcription factor binding motifs,often for genes involved in signaling and cell proliferation.For example,71%of recurrent promoter hypoDMRs contained a motif for NKX2-1.Finally,the majority of DMRs were located within an active chromatin state in tissues profiled using the Roadmap Epigenomics data,suggesting that methylation changes may contribute to altered regulatory programs through the adaptation of cell type-specific expression programs.展开更多
Soy proteins are globular in nature and are resistant to denaturation with lower intensity thermal treatments like cooking.Likewise,germination can also alter the protein structure through the activity of various enzy...Soy proteins are globular in nature and are resistant to denaturation with lower intensity thermal treatments like cooking.Likewise,germination can also alter the protein structure through the activity of various enzymes and sonication can disrupt the molecular structure through cavitation and other ultrasound effects,and contribute to some reduction in immunoreactivity(IR)of allergens.This study evaluated the effects of germination and sonication pretreatment in combination with common cooking on lowering the soy allergen IR.Germination was carried out for up to 120 h and ultrasound sonication treatments were given for 20,40 and 60 min at room temperature.Cooking at 100 oC was carried out for 10 to 60 min.The soy allergen IR was evaluated using a commercial sandwich ELISA kit.The combined action of germination,sonication and cooking helped to reduce the soy allergen IR to single digit mg/L levels from the nearly 400 mg/L initial level in the 5%soy slurry(>99%reduction).These levels are lower than the reported threshold values of soy allergens in foods.In addition,the germination and ultrasound process was shown to reduce the anti-nutritional properties and enhance the phenolic and radical scavenging activity by over 50%.展开更多
In the present study, total membrane proteins from tumor cell lines including HepG2, Hep3 B2,H226, Ovcar3 and N87 were extracted and digested with γLys C and trypsin. The resulting peptide lysate were pre-fractionate...In the present study, total membrane proteins from tumor cell lines including HepG2, Hep3 B2,H226, Ovcar3 and N87 were extracted and digested with γLys C and trypsin. The resulting peptide lysate were pre-fractionated and subjected to untargeted quantitative proteomics analysis using a high resolution mass spectrometer. The mass spectra were processed by the Max Quant and the protein abundances were estimated using total peak area(TPA) method. A total of 6037 proteins were identified, and the analysis resulted in the identification of 2647 membrane proteins. Of those, tumor antigens and absorption,metabolism, disposition and elimination(ADME) proteins including UDP-glucuronosyltransferase,cytochrome P450, solute carriers and ATP-binding cassette transporters were detected and disclosed significant variations among the cell lines. The principal component analysis was performed for the cluster of cell lines. The results demonstrated that H226 is closely related with N87, while Hep3 B2 aligned with HepG2. The protein cluster of Ovcar3 was apart from that of other cell lines investigated. By providing for the first time quantitative untargeted proteomics analysis, the results delineated the expression profiles of membrane proteins. These findings provided a useful resource for selecting targets of choice for anticancer therapy through advancing data obtained from preclinical tumor cell line models to clinical outcomes.展开更多
Intraparietal Hernias are hernias occurring in the anterior abdominal wall at different anatomical planes. An interparietal hernia has a hernial sac that passes between the layers of the anterior abdominal wall. Appen...Intraparietal Hernias are hernias occurring in the anterior abdominal wall at different anatomical planes. An interparietal hernia has a hernial sac that passes between the layers of the anterior abdominal wall. Appendectomy is a very common surgical procedure, and post appendectomy incisional hernia is a very rare complication. Here we present a case of a 24-year-old male with swelling in the right hypochondrium and lumbar region with an open appendectomy scar. He was diagnosed to have an interparietal hernia in the anterior abdominal wall. After obtaining consent patient was taken up for surgery. At surgery, the patient was found to have a defect in the transverse abdominis muscle with a medial leaf far from the incision site. Open repair of the defect along with double breasting of external oblique done. Interparietal hernias are rare in post appendectomy scar and this case is of significance since it Highlights a rare interstitial type incisional hernia, as a complication of post appendectomy scar, and not many cases reports are mentioned in literature.展开更多
Background: Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic polymetabolic disorder characterized by chronic hyperglycemia resulting from resistance to insulin action or inadequacy of insulin secretion. Role of the micro ...Background: Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic polymetabolic disorder characterized by chronic hyperglycemia resulting from resistance to insulin action or inadequacy of insulin secretion. Role of the micro & macro nutrients in the pathogenesis of T2DM has not been studied thoroughly. The aim of this study was to evaluate the status of calcium, magnesium, zinc and chromium in relation to HbA1c in a group of subjects with T2DM patients. Methodology: The study comprised of seventy three patients with T2DM, attending the OP of a tertiary care medical college hospital. Thirty four individuals were with HbA1c < 7% (group 1) and thirty nine with HbA1c ≥ 7% (group 2). Cation concentrations were determined using Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy and HbA1c by ion exchange chromatography. Results: The individual cation concentrations were not significantly different between the groups. Association of these serum ion concentrations with the glycemic control in group 2 (HbA1c 7%) was noted. Significant association of cation ratios with glycemic control was noted. Conclusion: The concentration of magnesium, zinc and chromium were low in subjects with poor glycemic control (HbA1c > 7%). Cation ratios were significantly associated with the glycemic control in T2DM.展开更多
Neera is the sweet juice or sap, obtained by tapping the unopened inflorescence of the coconut palm and is rich in minerals. In order to improve the nutritional quality and acceptability of the product a trial was car...Neera is the sweet juice or sap, obtained by tapping the unopened inflorescence of the coconut palm and is rich in minerals. In order to improve the nutritional quality and acceptability of the product a trial was carried out to combine aloe cubes and strawberry flavour with neera. Aloe vera is a flavourless and translucent white soft gel with bland taste and rich in phytonutrients and electrolytes. Standard neera （SN） was prepared with neera alone （100%） and compared against experimental neera （EN） prepared with neera （87%）, aloe vera cubes （10%） and strawberry extract （3%）. The processed neera was packed in presterilized bottles and stored at 5 ℃. Organoleptic acceptability and storage stability study were carried out every week. Physicochemical characteristics and selected nutrient content were analysed on 0th day and at the end of storage period. Overall acceptability of EN （8.5 ± 0.53） was higher than SN （8 ± 0.82） on 0th day and over different storage periods. There was a gradual decrease in the organoleptic scores of both EN and SN on storage and it was unacceptable on 56th day of storage. The sodium, potassium and vitamin C content of EN were significantly higher than SN. The TSS of SN and EN were 14 ± 0°B/100 mL and 15.6 ± 0 °B/100 mL respectively on 0th day. Significant （p ≤0.01） increase in the microbial count in EN was noticed on storage.展开更多
We evaluated nine plastid （matK, rbcL, rpoCl, rpoB, rp136-rpsS, ndhJ, trnL-F, tmrnH-psbA, accD） and two nuclear （ITS and ITS2） barcode loci in family Zingiberaceae by analyzing 60 accessions of 20 species belongin...We evaluated nine plastid （matK, rbcL, rpoCl, rpoB, rp136-rpsS, ndhJ, trnL-F, tmrnH-psbA, accD） and two nuclear （ITS and ITS2） barcode loci in family Zingiberaceae by analyzing 60 accessions of 20 species belonging to seven genera from India. Bidirectional sequences were recovered for every plastid locus by direct sequencing of polymerase chain reaction （PCR） amplicons in all the accessions tested. However, only 35 （58%） and 4o accessions （66~） yielded ITS and ITS2 sequences, respectively, by direct sequencing. In different bioinformatics analyses, matK and rbcL consistently resolved 15 species （75%） into monophyletic groups and five species into two para- phyletic groups. The 173 ITS sequences, including 138 cloned sequences from 23 accessions, discriminated only 12 species （6o%）, and the remaining species were entered into three paraphyletic groups. Phylogenetic and genealogic analyses of plastid and ITS sequences imply the possible occurrence ofnatural hybridizations in the evolutionary past in giving rise to species paraphyly and intragenomic ITS heterogeneity in the species tested. The results support using matK and rbcL loci for barcoding Zingiberaceae members and highlight the poor utility of iTS and the highly regarded ITS2 in barcoding this family, and also caution against proposing ITS loci for barcoding taxa based on limited sampling.展开更多
A continuing challenge for software designers is to develop efficient and cost-effective software implementations. Many see software reuse as a potential solution;however, the cost of reuse tends to outweigh the poten...A continuing challenge for software designers is to develop efficient and cost-effective software implementations. Many see software reuse as a potential solution;however, the cost of reuse tends to outweigh the potential benefits. The costs of software reuse include establishing and maintaining a library of reusable components, searching for applicable components to be reused in a design, as well as adapting components toward a proper implementation. In this context, a new method is suggested here for component classification and retrieval which consists of K-nearest Neighbor (KNN) algorithm and Vector space Model Approach. We found that this new approach gives a higher accuracy and precision in component selection and retrieval process compared to the existing formal approaches.展开更多
Stem cells have their origins in the embryo and during the process of organogenesis, these differentiate into specialized cells which mature to form tissues. In addition, stem cell are characterized by an ability to i...Stem cells have their origins in the embryo and during the process of organogenesis, these differentiate into specialized cells which mature to form tissues. In addition, stem cell are characterized by an ability to indefinitely self renew. Stem cells are broadly classified into embryonic stem cells and adult stem cells. Adult stem cells can be genetically reprogrammed to form pluripotent stem cells and exist in an embroyonic like state. In the early phase of embryogenesis, human embryonic stem cells only exist transiently. Adult stem cells are omnipresent in the body and function to regenerate during the process of apoptosis or tissue repair. Hematopoietic stem cells(HSC) are adult stem cells that form blood and immune cells. Autoimmune responses are sustained due to the perennial persistence of tissue self autoantigens and/or auto reactive lymphocytes. Immune reset is a process leading to generation of fresh self-tolerant lymphocytes after chemotherapy induced elimination of self or autoreactive lymphocytes. This forms the basis for autologous HSC transplantation(HSCT). In the beginning HSCT had been limited to refractory autoimmune rheumatic diseases(AIRD) due to concern about transplant related mortality and morbidity. However HSCT for AIRD has come a long way with better understanding of patient selection, conditioning regime and supportive care. In this narrative review we have examined the available literature regarding the HSCT use in AIRD.展开更多
Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)is the most frequently diagnosed primary tumor of the liver and is usually detected as advanced disease.It is an aggressive disease that often progresses rapidly when it fails to respond t...Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)is the most frequently diagnosed primary tumor of the liver and is usually detected as advanced disease.It is an aggressive disease that often progresses rapidly when it fails to respond to treatment.As such,patients have limited opportunities to try different subsequent-line treatment regimens.In the last 5 years,the number of agents and/or regimens available for the treatment of advanced HCC has significantly increased,which has made treatment choices for this patient population increasingly complex.In the secondline setting,several phase III trials of regorafenib(RESORCE),ramucirumab(REACH/REACH-2),and cabozantinib(CELESTIAL)have demonstrated clinically meaningful survival benefits in patients with the disease.However,the median overall survival of patients with advanced HCC remains unchanged at approximately 12 mo from the start of systemic second-line therapy,with a limited duration of response.Evidence from the REACH/REACH-2 trials demonstrated for the first time that baseline alpha-fetoprotein(AFP)levels can be used as an identification factor to select those who are likely to benefit the most from ramucirumab treatment.Ramucirumab is both well tolerated and efficacious and has a clinically acceptable safety profile.Therefore,it should be considered an option for patients with AFP levels≥400 ng/mL.展开更多
文摘One of the buzzwords in the Information Technology is Internet of Things (IoT). The future is Internet of Things, which will transform the real world objects into intelligent virtual objects. The IoT aims to unify everything in our world under a common infrastructure, giving us not only control of things around us, but also keeping us informed of the state of the things. In Light of this, present study addresses IoT concepts through systematic review of scholarly research papers, corporate white papers, professional discussions with experts and online databases. Moreover this research article focuses on definitions, geneses, basic requirements, characteristics and aliases of Internet of Things. The main objective of this paper is to provide an overview of Internet of Things, architectures, and vital technologies and their usages in our daily life. However, this manuscript will give good comprehension for the new researchers, who want to do research in this field of Internet of Things (Technological GOD) and facilitate knowledge accumulation in efficiently.
文摘Acute gastrointestinal bleeding(GIB) can lead to significant morbidity and mortality without appropriate treatment. There are numerous causes of acute GIB including but not limited to infection, vascular anomalies, inflammatory diseases, trauma, and malignancy. The diagnostic and therapeutic approach of GIB depends on its location, severity, and etiology. The role of interventional radiology becomes vital in patients whose GIB remains resistant to medical and endoscopic treatment. Radiology offers diagnostic imaging studies and endovascular therapeutic interventions that can be performed promptly and effectively with successful outcomes. Computed tomography angiography and nuclear scintigraphy can localize the source of bleeding and provide essential information for the interventional radiologist to guide therapeutic management with endovascular angiography and transcatheter embolization. This review article provides insight into the essential role of Interventional Radiology in the management of acute GIB.
文摘Diagnostic errors are prevalent in critical care practice and are associated with patient harm and costs for providers and the healthcare system.Patient complexity,illness severity,and the urgency in initiating proper treatment all contribute to decision-making errors.Clinician-related factors such as fatigue,cognitive overload,and inexperience further interfere with effective decision-making.Cognitive science has provided insight into the clinical decision-making process that can be used to reduce error.This evidence-based review discusses ten common misconceptions regarding critical care decision-making.By understanding how practitioners make clinical decisions and examining how errors occur,strategies may be developed and implemented to decrease errors in Decision-making and improve patient outcomes.
文摘AA5059 is one of the high strength armor grade aluminium alloy that finds its applications in the military vehicles due to the higher resistance against the armor piercing (AP) threats. This study aimed at finding the best suitable process among the fusion welding processes such as gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW) and gas metal arc welding (GMAW) by evaluating the tensile properties of AA5059 aluminium alloy joints. The fracture path was identified by mapping the low hardness distribution profile (LHDP) across the weld cross section under tensile loading. Optical and scanning electron microscopies were used to characterize the microstructural features of the welded joints at various zones. It is evident from the results that GTAW joints showed superior tensile properties compared to GMAW joints and this is primarily owing to the presence of finer grains in the weld metal zone (WMZ) and narrow heat-affected zone (HAZ). The lower heat input associated with the GTAW process effectively reduced the size of the WMZ and HAZ compared to GMAW process. Lower heat input of GTAW process results in faster cooling rate which hinders the grain growth and reduces the evaporation of magnesium in weld metal compared to GMAW joints. The fracture surface of GTAW joint consists of more dimples than GMAW joints which is an indication that the GTAW joint possess improved ductility than GMAW joint.
文摘BACKGROUND There is paucity of data on outcomes of acute severe ulcerative colitis(ASUC)in older adults(≥60 years of age).AIM To assess steroid non-response rates during the index admission for ASUC in older adults.Secondary outcomes were response to medical rescue therapy and colectomy rates;at index admission,3 and 12 mo.METHODS This retrospective multicentre cohort study included ASUC admissions who received intravenous steroids between January 2013 and July 2020 at two tertiary hospitals.Electronic medical records were reviewed to collect clinical,biochemical,and endoscopic data.A modified Poisson regression model was used for analysis.RESULTS Of 226 ASUC episodes,45(19.9%)occurred in patients≥60 years of age.Steroid non-response rates were comparable in older adults and patients<60 years of age[19(42.2%)vs 85(47%),P=0.618],crude risk ratio(RR)=0.89[95%confidence interval(CI):0.61-1.30],adjusted RR=0.99(0.44-2.21).Rates of response to medical rescue therapy in older adults was comparable to the younger cohort[76.5%vs 85.7%,P=0.46,crude RR=0.89(0.67-1.17)].Index admission colectomy[13.3%vs 10.5%,P=0.598,crude RR=1.27(0.53-2.99),adjusted RR=1.43(0.34-6.06)],colectomy at 3 mo[20%vs 16.6%,P=0.66,crude RR=1.18(0.61-2.3),adjusted RR=1.31(0.32-0.53)]and colectomy at 12 mo[20%vs 23.2%,P=0.682,crude RR=0.85(0.45-1.57),adjusted RR=1.21(0.29-4.97)],were similar between the two groups.CONCLUSION In older adults with ASUC,the steroid non-response rate,response to medical rescue therapy,and colectomy rate at index admission,3 and 12 mo is similar to patients less than 60 years of age.
基金supported in part by the Siteman Cancer Center Precision Medicine Pathway(Grant No.T32CA113275)Erica C.Pehrsson is supported by a Postdoctoral Fellowship from the American Cancer Society(Grant No.PF-17-201-01)+6 种基金Erica C.Pehrsson,Jennifer A.Karlow,and Ting Wang are supported by the National Institutes of Health[Grant Nos.R01HG007354(National Human Genome Research Institute)R01HG007175(National Human Genome Research Institute)R01ES024992(National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences)U01CA200060(National Cancer Institute)U24ES026699(National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences)U01HG009391(National Human Genome Research Institute)]the American Cancer Society(Grant No.RSG-14-049-01-DMC).
文摘Epigenetic alterations are widespread in cancer and can complement genetic alterations to influence cancer progression and treatment outcome.To determine the potential contribution of DNA methylation alterations to tumor phenotype in non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC)in both smoker and never-smoker patients,we performed genome-wide profiling of DNA methylation in 17 primary NSCLC tumors and 10 matched normal lung samples using the complementary assays,methylated DNA immunoprecipitation sequencing(MeDIP-seq)and methylation sensitive restric-tion enzyme sequencing(MRE-seq).We reported recurrent methylation changes in the promoters of several genes,many previously implicated in cancer,including FAM83A and SEPT9(hy-pomethylation),as well as PCDH7,NKX2-1,and SOX17(hypermethylation).Although many methylation changes between tumors and their paired normal samples were shared across patients,several were specific to a particular smoking status.For example,never-smokers displayed a greater proportion of hypomethylated differentially methylated regions(hypoDMRs)and a greater number of recurrently hypomethylated promoters,including those of ASPSCRI,TOP2A,DPP9,and USP39,all previously linked to cancer.Changes outside of promoters were also widespread and often recurrent,particularly methylation loss over repetitive elements,highly enriched for ERV1 subfamilies.Recurrent hypoDMRs were enriched for several transcription factor binding motifs,often for genes involved in signaling and cell proliferation.For example,71%of recurrent promoter hypoDMRs contained a motif for NKX2-1.Finally,the majority of DMRs were located within an active chromatin state in tissues profiled using the Roadmap Epigenomics data,suggesting that methylation changes may contribute to altered regulatory programs through the adaptation of cell type-specific expression programs.
基金This research was supported by a grant from the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada-Collaborative Research Development Grant with Industry.
文摘Soy proteins are globular in nature and are resistant to denaturation with lower intensity thermal treatments like cooking.Likewise,germination can also alter the protein structure through the activity of various enzymes and sonication can disrupt the molecular structure through cavitation and other ultrasound effects,and contribute to some reduction in immunoreactivity(IR)of allergens.This study evaluated the effects of germination and sonication pretreatment in combination with common cooking on lowering the soy allergen IR.Germination was carried out for up to 120 h and ultrasound sonication treatments were given for 20,40 and 60 min at room temperature.Cooking at 100 oC was carried out for 10 to 60 min.The soy allergen IR was evaluated using a commercial sandwich ELISA kit.The combined action of germination,sonication and cooking helped to reduce the soy allergen IR to single digit mg/L levels from the nearly 400 mg/L initial level in the 5%soy slurry(>99%reduction).These levels are lower than the reported threshold values of soy allergens in foods.In addition,the germination and ultrasound process was shown to reduce the anti-nutritional properties and enhance the phenolic and radical scavenging activity by over 50%.
文摘In the present study, total membrane proteins from tumor cell lines including HepG2, Hep3 B2,H226, Ovcar3 and N87 were extracted and digested with γLys C and trypsin. The resulting peptide lysate were pre-fractionated and subjected to untargeted quantitative proteomics analysis using a high resolution mass spectrometer. The mass spectra were processed by the Max Quant and the protein abundances were estimated using total peak area(TPA) method. A total of 6037 proteins were identified, and the analysis resulted in the identification of 2647 membrane proteins. Of those, tumor antigens and absorption,metabolism, disposition and elimination(ADME) proteins including UDP-glucuronosyltransferase,cytochrome P450, solute carriers and ATP-binding cassette transporters were detected and disclosed significant variations among the cell lines. The principal component analysis was performed for the cluster of cell lines. The results demonstrated that H226 is closely related with N87, while Hep3 B2 aligned with HepG2. The protein cluster of Ovcar3 was apart from that of other cell lines investigated. By providing for the first time quantitative untargeted proteomics analysis, the results delineated the expression profiles of membrane proteins. These findings provided a useful resource for selecting targets of choice for anticancer therapy through advancing data obtained from preclinical tumor cell line models to clinical outcomes.
文摘Intraparietal Hernias are hernias occurring in the anterior abdominal wall at different anatomical planes. An interparietal hernia has a hernial sac that passes between the layers of the anterior abdominal wall. Appendectomy is a very common surgical procedure, and post appendectomy incisional hernia is a very rare complication. Here we present a case of a 24-year-old male with swelling in the right hypochondrium and lumbar region with an open appendectomy scar. He was diagnosed to have an interparietal hernia in the anterior abdominal wall. After obtaining consent patient was taken up for surgery. At surgery, the patient was found to have a defect in the transverse abdominis muscle with a medial leaf far from the incision site. Open repair of the defect along with double breasting of external oblique done. Interparietal hernias are rare in post appendectomy scar and this case is of significance since it Highlights a rare interstitial type incisional hernia, as a complication of post appendectomy scar, and not many cases reports are mentioned in literature.
文摘Background: Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic polymetabolic disorder characterized by chronic hyperglycemia resulting from resistance to insulin action or inadequacy of insulin secretion. Role of the micro & macro nutrients in the pathogenesis of T2DM has not been studied thoroughly. The aim of this study was to evaluate the status of calcium, magnesium, zinc and chromium in relation to HbA1c in a group of subjects with T2DM patients. Methodology: The study comprised of seventy three patients with T2DM, attending the OP of a tertiary care medical college hospital. Thirty four individuals were with HbA1c < 7% (group 1) and thirty nine with HbA1c ≥ 7% (group 2). Cation concentrations were determined using Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy and HbA1c by ion exchange chromatography. Results: The individual cation concentrations were not significantly different between the groups. Association of these serum ion concentrations with the glycemic control in group 2 (HbA1c 7%) was noted. Significant association of cation ratios with glycemic control was noted. Conclusion: The concentration of magnesium, zinc and chromium were low in subjects with poor glycemic control (HbA1c > 7%). Cation ratios were significantly associated with the glycemic control in T2DM.
文摘Neera is the sweet juice or sap, obtained by tapping the unopened inflorescence of the coconut palm and is rich in minerals. In order to improve the nutritional quality and acceptability of the product a trial was carried out to combine aloe cubes and strawberry flavour with neera. Aloe vera is a flavourless and translucent white soft gel with bland taste and rich in phytonutrients and electrolytes. Standard neera （SN） was prepared with neera alone （100%） and compared against experimental neera （EN） prepared with neera （87%）, aloe vera cubes （10%） and strawberry extract （3%）. The processed neera was packed in presterilized bottles and stored at 5 ℃. Organoleptic acceptability and storage stability study were carried out every week. Physicochemical characteristics and selected nutrient content were analysed on 0th day and at the end of storage period. Overall acceptability of EN （8.5 ± 0.53） was higher than SN （8 ± 0.82） on 0th day and over different storage periods. There was a gradual decrease in the organoleptic scores of both EN and SN on storage and it was unacceptable on 56th day of storage. The sodium, potassium and vitamin C content of EN were significantly higher than SN. The TSS of SN and EN were 14 ± 0°B/100 mL and 15.6 ± 0 °B/100 mL respectively on 0th day. Significant （p ≤0.01） increase in the microbial count in EN was noticed on storage.
基金financial support (BT/ PR8349/NDB/51/136/2006 19/01/2007–19-01/2010) from the Department of Biotechnology, Government of India
文摘We evaluated nine plastid （matK, rbcL, rpoCl, rpoB, rp136-rpsS, ndhJ, trnL-F, tmrnH-psbA, accD） and two nuclear （ITS and ITS2） barcode loci in family Zingiberaceae by analyzing 60 accessions of 20 species belonging to seven genera from India. Bidirectional sequences were recovered for every plastid locus by direct sequencing of polymerase chain reaction （PCR） amplicons in all the accessions tested. However, only 35 （58%） and 4o accessions （66~） yielded ITS and ITS2 sequences, respectively, by direct sequencing. In different bioinformatics analyses, matK and rbcL consistently resolved 15 species （75%） into monophyletic groups and five species into two para- phyletic groups. The 173 ITS sequences, including 138 cloned sequences from 23 accessions, discriminated only 12 species （6o%）, and the remaining species were entered into three paraphyletic groups. Phylogenetic and genealogic analyses of plastid and ITS sequences imply the possible occurrence ofnatural hybridizations in the evolutionary past in giving rise to species paraphyly and intragenomic ITS heterogeneity in the species tested. The results support using matK and rbcL loci for barcoding Zingiberaceae members and highlight the poor utility of iTS and the highly regarded ITS2 in barcoding this family, and also caution against proposing ITS loci for barcoding taxa based on limited sampling.
文摘A continuing challenge for software designers is to develop efficient and cost-effective software implementations. Many see software reuse as a potential solution;however, the cost of reuse tends to outweigh the potential benefits. The costs of software reuse include establishing and maintaining a library of reusable components, searching for applicable components to be reused in a design, as well as adapting components toward a proper implementation. In this context, a new method is suggested here for component classification and retrieval which consists of K-nearest Neighbor (KNN) algorithm and Vector space Model Approach. We found that this new approach gives a higher accuracy and precision in component selection and retrieval process compared to the existing formal approaches.
文摘Stem cells have their origins in the embryo and during the process of organogenesis, these differentiate into specialized cells which mature to form tissues. In addition, stem cell are characterized by an ability to indefinitely self renew. Stem cells are broadly classified into embryonic stem cells and adult stem cells. Adult stem cells can be genetically reprogrammed to form pluripotent stem cells and exist in an embroyonic like state. In the early phase of embryogenesis, human embryonic stem cells only exist transiently. Adult stem cells are omnipresent in the body and function to regenerate during the process of apoptosis or tissue repair. Hematopoietic stem cells(HSC) are adult stem cells that form blood and immune cells. Autoimmune responses are sustained due to the perennial persistence of tissue self autoantigens and/or auto reactive lymphocytes. Immune reset is a process leading to generation of fresh self-tolerant lymphocytes after chemotherapy induced elimination of self or autoreactive lymphocytes. This forms the basis for autologous HSC transplantation(HSCT). In the beginning HSCT had been limited to refractory autoimmune rheumatic diseases(AIRD) due to concern about transplant related mortality and morbidity. However HSCT for AIRD has come a long way with better understanding of patient selection, conditioning regime and supportive care. In this narrative review we have examined the available literature regarding the HSCT use in AIRD.
文摘Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)is the most frequently diagnosed primary tumor of the liver and is usually detected as advanced disease.It is an aggressive disease that often progresses rapidly when it fails to respond to treatment.As such,patients have limited opportunities to try different subsequent-line treatment regimens.In the last 5 years,the number of agents and/or regimens available for the treatment of advanced HCC has significantly increased,which has made treatment choices for this patient population increasingly complex.In the secondline setting,several phase III trials of regorafenib(RESORCE),ramucirumab(REACH/REACH-2),and cabozantinib(CELESTIAL)have demonstrated clinically meaningful survival benefits in patients with the disease.However,the median overall survival of patients with advanced HCC remains unchanged at approximately 12 mo from the start of systemic second-line therapy,with a limited duration of response.Evidence from the REACH/REACH-2 trials demonstrated for the first time that baseline alpha-fetoprotein(AFP)levels can be used as an identification factor to select those who are likely to benefit the most from ramucirumab treatment.Ramucirumab is both well tolerated and efficacious and has a clinically acceptable safety profile.Therefore,it should be considered an option for patients with AFP levels≥400 ng/mL.
