This article reviews roles of imaging examinations in the management of community-acquired pneumonia(CAP), imaging diagnosis of specific CAP and discrimination between CAP and noninfectious diseases. Chest radiography...This article reviews roles of imaging examinations in the management of community-acquired pneumonia(CAP), imaging diagnosis of specific CAP and discrimination between CAP and noninfectious diseases. Chest radiography is usually enough to confirm the diagnosis of CAP, whereas computed tomography is required to suggest specific pathogens and to discriminate from noninfectious diseases. Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia, tuberculosis, Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia and some cases of viral pneumonia sometimes show specific imaging findings. Peribronchial nodules, especially tree-in-bud appearance, are fairly specific for infection. Evidences of organization, such as concavity of the opacities, traction bronchiectasis, visualization of air bronchograms over the entire length of the bronchi, or mild parenchymal distortion are suggestive of organizing pneumonia. We will introduce tips to effectively make use of imaging examinations in the management of CAP.展开更多
Antiplatelet therapy is the standard of care for the secondary prevention of acute coronary syndrome and ischemic stroke, especially after coronary intervention. However, this therapy is associated with bleeding compl...Antiplatelet therapy is the standard of care for the secondary prevention of acute coronary syndrome and ischemic stroke, especially after coronary intervention. However, this therapy is associated with bleeding complications such as gastrointestinal bleeding, which is one of the most common life-threatening complications. Early endoscopy is recommended for most patients with acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding. After successful endoscopic hemostasis, immediate resumption of antiplatelet therapy with proton-pump inhibitors(PPIs) is recommended to prevent further ischemic events. PPI prophylaxis during antiplatelet therapy reduces the risk of upper gastrointestinal bleeding. The potential negative metabolic interaction between PPIs and clopidogrel is still unclear.展开更多
Gastric cancer(GC)is one of the most common malignancies and remains the second leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide.There is an increasing understanding of the roles that genetic and epigenetic alterations...Gastric cancer(GC)is one of the most common malignancies and remains the second leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide.There is an increasing understanding of the roles that genetic and epigenetic alterations play in GCs.Recent studies using nextgeneration sequencing(NGS)have revealed a number of potential cancer-driving genes in GC.Whole-exome sequencing of GC has identified recurrent somatic mutations in the chromatin remodeling gene ARID1A and alterations in the cell adhesion gene FAT4,a member of the cadherin gene family.Mutations in chromatin remodeling genes(ARID1A,MLL3 and MLL)have been found in 47%of GCs.Whole-genome sequencing and whole-transcriptome sequencing analyses have also discovered novel alterations in GC.Recent studies of cancer epigenetics have revealed widespread alterations in genes involved in the epigenetic machinery,such as DNA methylation,histone modifications,nucleosome positioning,noncoding RNAs and microRNAs.Recent advances in molecular research on GC have resulted in the introduction of new diagnostic and therapeutic strategies into clinical settings.The antihuman epidermal growth receptor 2(HER2)antibody trastuzumab has led to an era of personalized therapy in GC.In addition,ramucirumab,a monoclonal antibody targeting vascular endothelial growth factor receptor(VEGFR)-2,is the first biological treatment that showed survival benefits as a single-agent therapy in patients with advanced GC who progressed after firstline chemotherapy.Using NGS to systematically identify gene alterations in GC is a promising approach with remarkable potential for investigating the pathogenesis of GC and identifying novel therapeutic targets,as well as useful biomarkers.In this review,we will summarize the recent advances in the understanding of the molecular pathogenesis of GC,focusing on the potential use of these genetic and epigenetic alterations as diagnostic biomarkers and novel therapeutic targets.展开更多
The antibacterial activity of copper is well-known from an ancient civilization, however, its biocidal mechanism has not been necessarily elucidated. Notwithstanding up to now, mainly 4 processes have been proposed. A...The antibacterial activity of copper is well-known from an ancient civilization, however, its biocidal mechanism has not been necessarily elucidated. Notwithstanding up to now, mainly 4 processes have been proposed. Among them, it is cleared that 4 kinds of reactive oxygen species (ROS): hydroxyl radical ·OH, hydrogen per oxide H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>, superoxide anion ·O<sup>-</sup>2</sub></sub> and singlet oxygen <sup>1</sup>O<sub>2</sub>, play an important role for contact-killing of bacteria, viruses and fungi. In this paper, generation of ROS on the surfaces of copper plates heated from room temperature to 673 K for 4.2 × 10<sup>2</sup> s in air, was investigated using the chemiluminescence. ROS have been evaluated by selecting the most suitable scavengers, such as 2-propanol for ·OH, sodium pyruvate for H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>, nitro blue tetrazolium for ·O<sup>-</sup>2</sub></sub>, and sodium azide NaN<sub>3</sub> for <sup>1</sup>O<sub>2</sub>. At the same time the outermost surface of copper, on which thin film of cuprous oxide Cu<sub>2</sub>O was first formed and then cupric oxide CuO was laminated on Cu<sub>2</sub>O, was examined by thin-film XRD and TEM analysis to estimate the amounts and kinds of copper oxides. It was found that the most amounts of ROS were obtained for the 573 K-heated Cu plate and they were composed of ·OH, H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>, and ·O<sup>-</sup>2.</sub></sub>.展开更多
AIM： To examine the effect of Eubacteriuro Iiroosuro （E.Iiroosuro） on colonic epithelial cell line in vitro, and to evaluate the effect of E.limosum on experimental colitis.METHODS： E.Iimosum was inoculated anaero...AIM： To examine the effect of Eubacteriuro Iiroosuro （E.Iiroosuro） on colonic epithelial cell line in vitro, and to evaluate the effect of E.limosum on experimental colitis.METHODS： E.Iimosum was inoculated anaerobically and its metabolites were obtained. The growth stimulatory effect of the E.limosum metabolites on T84 cells was evaluated by SUDH activity, and the anti-inflammatory effect by IL-6 production. The change in mRNA of toll like receptor 4 （TLR4） was evaluated by real time PCR. Colitis was induced by feeding BALB/C mice with 2.0% dextran sodium sulfate. These mice received either 5% lyophilized E.lirnosum （n=7） or control diet （n=7）. Seven days after colitis induction, clinical and histological scores, colon length, and cecal organic acid levels were determined.RESULTS： The E.Iimosum produced butyrate, acetate, propionate, and lactate at 0.25, 1.0, 0.025 and 0.07 retool/L, respectively in medium. At this concentration, each acid had no growth stimulating activity on T84 cells; however, when these acids were mixed together at the above levels, it showed significantly high activity than control. Except for lactate, these acids significantly attenuated IL-6 production at just 0.1 mmol/L. In addition, under TNF-α stimulation, butyrate attenuated the production of TLR4 mRNA. The treatment with E.limosum significantly attenuated clinical and histological scores of colitis with an increase of cecal butyrate levels, compared with the control group.CONCLUSION： E.limosum can ameliorate experimental colonic inflammation. In part, the metabolite of E.lirnosurn, butyrate, increases mucosal integrity and shows anti-inflammatory action modulation of mucosal defense system via TLR4.展开更多
Background: About 70% of Japanese children with severe motor and intellectual disabilities (SMID) live at home, and the number is increasing. Family members have an enormous burden of daily physical care for these chi...Background: About 70% of Japanese children with severe motor and intellectual disabilities (SMID) live at home, and the number is increasing. Family members have an enormous burden of daily physical care for these children. A top priority is to understand quality of life (QoL), family function, and family empowerment to effectively support these families. We aimed to assess current living situations of families with a SMID child, and to reveal the relationships between QoL, family function, and family empowerment. Methods: Sixty-five family members from 34 families with a SMID child participated in this study. We assessed 5 parameters using the Japanese versions of the following instruments: World Health Organization Quality of Life 26 (WHOQOL26), Kinder Lebensqualitats Fragebogen (KINDL), Family Assessment Device (FAD), Family Adaptability and Cohesion Evaluation Scale KG-4 (FACESKG-4), and Family Empowerment Scale (FES). Correlation and multiple regression analyses were conducted;QoL score was the objective variable. Results: Participants included 54 parents (34 mothers, 20 fathers) and 11 siblings. The mean age of SMID children was 10.4 ± 5.03 years. Twenty-two children needed multiple types of medical care. The mean age of parents and siblings was 41.5 ± 6.16 years and 15.5 ± 2.35 years, respectively. The mean QoL score (3.28 ± 0.5) was similar to the Japanese average. The mean KINDL score (77.2 ± 12.1) was higher than those of previous studies. The mean FAD score was 1.97 ± 0.32. For FACEKG-4, the score of adaptability was correlated with WHOQOL score (r = 0.459, p < 0.05). The mean score of FES was 113.6 ± 14. As the result of multiple regression analysis, lower family FAD scores ([sb] = ?0.61, p < 0.01) indicated higher family function and greater age of participants (sb = 0.495, p < 0.01) was correlated with higher WHOQOL scores (F = 15.208, p < 0.01). Conclusions: Our results indicated that the individual QoL depended on the age of participants (equals the years of experience caring for a SMID chi展开更多
Li-rich cathode materials have been considered as promising candidates for high-energy lithium ion batteries （LIBs）. In this study, we report a new series of Li-rich materials （Li[Li1/B-2x/BMn2/3-x/3Nix]O2 （0.09 ...Li-rich cathode materials have been considered as promising candidates for high-energy lithium ion batteries （LIBs）. In this study, we report a new series of Li-rich materials （Li[Li1/B-2x/BMn2/3-x/3Nix]O2 （0.09 ≤x≤ 0.2）） doped with small amounts of Ni as cathode materials in LIBs, which exhibited unusual phenomenon of capacity increase up to tens of cycles due to the continuous activation of the Li2MnO3 phase. Both experimental and computational results indicate that unlike commonly studied Ni-doped Li-rich cathode materials, smaller amounts of Ni doping can promote the stepwise Li2MnO3 activation to obtain increased specific capacity and better cycling capability. In contrast, excessive Ni will over-activate the Li2MnO3 and result in a large capacity loss in the first cycle. The Lil.25Mn0.625Ni0.12sO2 material with an optimized content of Ni delivered a superior high capacity of -280 mAh.g-1 and good cycling stability at room temperature.展开更多
Nickel molybdenum carbide catalysts were prepared and their activities in the CO2 reforming of methane at a low CO2/CH4 reactant ratio were investigated using a microreactor at atmospheric pressure and at 973 K.The ef...Nickel molybdenum carbide catalysts were prepared and their activities in the CO2 reforming of methane at a low CO2/CH4 reactant ratio were investigated using a microreactor at atmospheric pressure and at 973 K.The effect of the catalyst preparation method and the Ni/Mo ratio on the increase in catalyst life and the promotion of catalytic activity were investigated using N2 adsorption,X-ray diffraction, temperature-programmed carburization,temperature-programmed reaction,and a reforming reaction.The 25Ni75Mo catalyst that was carburized at 813 K exhibited the highest hydrogen formation ability and gave the least carbon deposition.The incomplete carburization of the Mo oxide species in the catalyst that was carburized at a lower temperature gradually gave a more active carburized species.The NiMoOxCy in the catalyst was more active in hydrogen formation during the dry reforming of methane whileβ-Mo2C andη-Mo3C2 were less active.展开更多
We report the realization of a synthetic magnetic field for photons and polaritons in a honeycomb lattice of coupled semiconductor micropillars.A strong synthetic field is induced in both the s and p orbital bands by ...We report the realization of a synthetic magnetic field for photons and polaritons in a honeycomb lattice of coupled semiconductor micropillars.A strong synthetic field is induced in both the s and p orbital bands by engineering a uniaxial hopping gradient in the lattice,giving rise to the formation of Landau levels at the Dirac points.We provide direct evidence of the sublattice symmetry breaking of the lowest-order Landau level wavefunction,a distinctive feature of synthetic magnetic fields.Our realization implements helical edge states in the gap between n=0 and n=±1 Landau levels,experimentally demonstrating a novel way of engineering propagating edge states in photonic lattices.In light of recent advances in the enhancement of polariton–polariton nonlinearities,the Landau levels reported here are promising for the study of the interplay between pseudomagnetism and interactions in a photonic system.展开更多
The objective of this study was to quantify multimodal connectivity of HSR stations and its impact on ridership in four countries: France, Spain, Japan and China. In this study, multimodal connectivity is measured by ...The objective of this study was to quantify multimodal connectivity of HSR stations and its impact on ridership in four countries: France, Spain, Japan and China. In this study, multimodal connectivity is measured by the number of different modes of transportation connected to HSR stations, the number of installed arrival and departure facilities for each mode, the transfer time from connecting modes to boarding platforms at HSR stations, and the arrival time intervals of public transportation modes. Data were collected from HSR systems of these four countries. The relationship between ridership and the characteristics of multimodal connectivity was identified using regression models developed in this study. All the connectivity variables considered in this study influence ridership in these four countries in different ways. On the whole, bus, subway, and regional railroad services influence ridership significantly. For instance, the more bus services connected to the station, the higher the ridership. This trend is apparent in three of the four countries, France being the exception. Also, subway, light rail, and traditional rail are modes of high-capacity transportation. Their connection to HSR stations always implies high ridership for high-speed rail. The number of facilities also shows significant impacts on HSR ridership. For instance, the more bus and subway stops, and the more bicycle parking and taxi stands, the higher the ridership. Transfer time also has a significant influence.展开更多
The three-dimensional visualization of flow and screech-tone emission from an underexpanded circular jet is first investigated experimentally using high-speed cross-schlieren imaging and microphone measurements in the...The three-dimensional visualization of flow and screech-tone emission from an underexpanded circular jet is first investigated experimentally using high-speed cross-schlieren imaging and microphone measurements in the cross-sectional planes along the jet axis. This experimental technique allows the visualization of the shock-cell structure, directivity of sound intensity, and frequency spectrum in the cross-sectional planes of the screeching jet. The high-speed cross-schlieren observation of the screeching jet shows the occurrence of an asymmetrical shock-cell structure that is generated by the flapping mode in the screeching jet. This contributes to the generation of a screech tone propagating upstream along the jet axis and non-uniform sound intensities around the jet in circumferential direction. These observations by high-speed cross</span><span style="white-space:normal;font-size:10pt;font-family:"">-</span><span style="white-space:normal;font-size:10pt;font-family:"">schlieren imaging were validated by the microphone measurements.展开更多
A 79-year-old male was admitted to our hospital for the treatment of cancer of the gastric tube.Gastrointestinal examination revealed a T1 b Union for International Cancer Control(UICC) tumor at the pyloric region of ...A 79-year-old male was admitted to our hospital for the treatment of cancer of the gastric tube.Gastrointestinal examination revealed a T1 b Union for International Cancer Control(UICC) tumor at the pyloric region of the gastric tube.Laparotomy did not reveal infiltration intothe serosa,peritoneal dissemination,regional lymph node swelling,or distant metastasis.We performed a distal gastrectomy preserving the right gastroepiploic artery by referencing the preoperative three-dimensional computed tomoangiography.We also evaluated the blood flow of the right gastroepiploic artery and in the proximal gastric tube by using indocyanine green fluorescence imaging intra-operatively and then followed with a gastrojejunal anastomosis with Roux-en-Y reconstruction.The definitive diagnosis was moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma of the gastric tube,pT 1bN 0M0,pS tage IA(UICC).His postoperative course was uneventful.Three-dimensional computed tomographic imaging is effective for assessing the course of blood vessels and the relationship with the surrounding structures.Intraoperative evaluation of blood flow of the right gastroepiploic artery and of the gastric tube in the anastomotic portion is very valuable information and could contribute to a safe gastrointestinal reconstruction.展开更多
We present a rare case of fecaloma, 7 cm in size, in the setting of systemic scleroderma. A colonoscopy revealed a giant brown fecaloma occupying the lumen of the colon and a colonic ulcer that was caused by the fecal...We present a rare case of fecaloma, 7 cm in size, in the setting of systemic scleroderma. A colonoscopy revealed a giant brown fecaloma occupying the lumen of the colon and a colonic ulcer that was caused by the fecaloma. The surface of the fecaloma was hard, large and slippery, and fragmentation was not possible despite the use of various devices, including standard biopsy forceps, an injection needle, and a snare. However, jumbo forceps were able to shave the surface of the fecaloma and break it successfully by repeated biting for 6 h over 2 d. The ability of the jumbo forceps to collect large mucosal samples was also appropriate for achieving fragmentation of the giant fecaloma.展开更多
<strong>Purpose: </strong>This study aims to investigate the implementation conditions of bereavement care for bereaved families and the relationship between demographics of home-visit nurses and rates of ...<strong>Purpose: </strong>This study aims to investigate the implementation conditions of bereavement care for bereaved families and the relationship between demographics of home-visit nurses and rates of provision of bereavement care. <strong>Methods: </strong>A self-rating anonymous questionnaire survey was conducted with 2200 facilities randomly selected from among the members of the Home-visit Nursing Stations of the National Nursing Business Association. Calculating the rates of provision of each pre- and post-bereavement care item of the survey, we performed a multiple logistic regression analysis to investigate the relationship between the demographics of home-visit nurses and rates of provision of care. Statistical processing employed SPSS ver. 21.0 with the significance level set at 5%. <strong>Results:</strong> A total of 688 responses were collected (collection rate, 31.3%), and 649 were included in the analysis. “Approval of the care that the family has provided” and “Involvement in the care together with the family and listening to their thoughts” were frequently provided in both pre- and post-bereavement care;however, the rate of provision of “Provided continued support/life planning until the family fully recovers social life” was low. More care services were provided by home-visit nurses working in facilities with 24-hour services in pre-bereavement, and by those with longer home-visit nursing experience in post-bereavement. <strong>Conclusions:</strong> Home-visit nurses provide many post-bereavement care services. However, continued care that helps bereaved families fully recover their social life, including life planning, is less frequently provided. Bereavement care provision rates vary depending on the facility type, whether the facility offers 24-hour services, and the length of home-visit nursing experience.展开更多
Background:In adults, epithelial cell proliferation and apoptosis of the gastric mucosa are induced by Helicobacter pylori infection and are associated with gastric atrophy or gastric carcinoma. In children, there are...Background:In adults, epithelial cell proliferation and apoptosis of the gastric mucosa are induced by Helicobacter pylori infection and are associated with gastric atrophy or gastric carcinoma. In children, there are few studies about such epithelial changes. To elucidate the role of H. pylori infection in gastric mucosal inflammation, we immunohistochemically examined gastric mucosa of Japanese children. Methods:Biopsy specimens obtained from the gastric antrum and corpus of H. pylori-infected (n = 13) and noninfected children (n = 15) were studied for immunolocalization of Ki-67, single-strand DNA, manganese superoxide dismutase (Mn-SOD), and CD68, and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP-biotin nick-end labeling. In 10 patients with successful eradication, pre-and post treatment results were compared. Results:In both gastric antrum and corpus, neutrophil and mononuclear cell infiltration, epithelial cell proliferation, and apoptosis significantly increased in H. pylori-infected patients, predominantly in the antrum. In the antrum of H. pylori-infected patients, there was positive correlation between the degrees of neutrophil infiltration and cell proliferation (P < 0.05) or apoptosis (P < 0.05). H. pylori eradication improved mucosal inflammation, cell proliferation (P < 0.001), and apoptosis (P < 0.01) in the antrum. Mn-SOD immunoreactivity and CD68-positive macrophages in the antrum, which significantly increased in H. pylori-infected patients, decreased after the eradication. Conclusions:H. pylori infection induced gastric mucosal inflammation and epithelial cell turnover in children. Moreover, gastric mucosal defense mechanism against H. pylori infection was activated. H. pylori eradication in childhood might prevent the accumulation of gastric epithelial cell damage.展开更多
文摘This article reviews roles of imaging examinations in the management of community-acquired pneumonia(CAP), imaging diagnosis of specific CAP and discrimination between CAP and noninfectious diseases. Chest radiography is usually enough to confirm the diagnosis of CAP, whereas computed tomography is required to suggest specific pathogens and to discriminate from noninfectious diseases. Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia, tuberculosis, Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia and some cases of viral pneumonia sometimes show specific imaging findings. Peribronchial nodules, especially tree-in-bud appearance, are fairly specific for infection. Evidences of organization, such as concavity of the opacities, traction bronchiectasis, visualization of air bronchograms over the entire length of the bronchi, or mild parenchymal distortion are suggestive of organizing pneumonia. We will introduce tips to effectively make use of imaging examinations in the management of CAP.
文摘Antiplatelet therapy is the standard of care for the secondary prevention of acute coronary syndrome and ischemic stroke, especially after coronary intervention. However, this therapy is associated with bleeding complications such as gastrointestinal bleeding, which is one of the most common life-threatening complications. Early endoscopy is recommended for most patients with acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding. After successful endoscopic hemostasis, immediate resumption of antiplatelet therapy with proton-pump inhibitors(PPIs) is recommended to prevent further ischemic events. PPI prophylaxis during antiplatelet therapy reduces the risk of upper gastrointestinal bleeding. The potential negative metabolic interaction between PPIs and clopidogrel is still unclear.
基金Supported by Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research from the Ministry of Education,Culture,Sports,Science and Technology of Japan
文摘Gastric cancer(GC)is one of the most common malignancies and remains the second leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide.There is an increasing understanding of the roles that genetic and epigenetic alterations play in GCs.Recent studies using nextgeneration sequencing(NGS)have revealed a number of potential cancer-driving genes in GC.Whole-exome sequencing of GC has identified recurrent somatic mutations in the chromatin remodeling gene ARID1A and alterations in the cell adhesion gene FAT4,a member of the cadherin gene family.Mutations in chromatin remodeling genes(ARID1A,MLL3 and MLL)have been found in 47%of GCs.Whole-genome sequencing and whole-transcriptome sequencing analyses have also discovered novel alterations in GC.Recent studies of cancer epigenetics have revealed widespread alterations in genes involved in the epigenetic machinery,such as DNA methylation,histone modifications,nucleosome positioning,noncoding RNAs and microRNAs.Recent advances in molecular research on GC have resulted in the introduction of new diagnostic and therapeutic strategies into clinical settings.The antihuman epidermal growth receptor 2(HER2)antibody trastuzumab has led to an era of personalized therapy in GC.In addition,ramucirumab,a monoclonal antibody targeting vascular endothelial growth factor receptor(VEGFR)-2,is the first biological treatment that showed survival benefits as a single-agent therapy in patients with advanced GC who progressed after firstline chemotherapy.Using NGS to systematically identify gene alterations in GC is a promising approach with remarkable potential for investigating the pathogenesis of GC and identifying novel therapeutic targets,as well as useful biomarkers.In this review,we will summarize the recent advances in the understanding of the molecular pathogenesis of GC,focusing on the potential use of these genetic and epigenetic alterations as diagnostic biomarkers and novel therapeutic targets.
文摘The antibacterial activity of copper is well-known from an ancient civilization, however, its biocidal mechanism has not been necessarily elucidated. Notwithstanding up to now, mainly 4 processes have been proposed. Among them, it is cleared that 4 kinds of reactive oxygen species (ROS): hydroxyl radical ·OH, hydrogen per oxide H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>, superoxide anion ·O<sup>-</sup>2</sub></sub> and singlet oxygen <sup>1</sup>O<sub>2</sub>, play an important role for contact-killing of bacteria, viruses and fungi. In this paper, generation of ROS on the surfaces of copper plates heated from room temperature to 673 K for 4.2 × 10<sup>2</sup> s in air, was investigated using the chemiluminescence. ROS have been evaluated by selecting the most suitable scavengers, such as 2-propanol for ·OH, sodium pyruvate for H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>, nitro blue tetrazolium for ·O<sup>-</sup>2</sub></sub>, and sodium azide NaN<sub>3</sub> for <sup>1</sup>O<sub>2</sub>. At the same time the outermost surface of copper, on which thin film of cuprous oxide Cu<sub>2</sub>O was first formed and then cupric oxide CuO was laminated on Cu<sub>2</sub>O, was examined by thin-film XRD and TEM analysis to estimate the amounts and kinds of copper oxides. It was found that the most amounts of ROS were obtained for the 573 K-heated Cu plate and they were composed of ·OH, H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>, and ·O<sup>-</sup>2.</sub></sub>.
文摘AIM： To examine the effect of Eubacteriuro Iiroosuro （E.Iiroosuro） on colonic epithelial cell line in vitro, and to evaluate the effect of E.limosum on experimental colitis.METHODS： E.Iimosum was inoculated anaerobically and its metabolites were obtained. The growth stimulatory effect of the E.limosum metabolites on T84 cells was evaluated by SUDH activity, and the anti-inflammatory effect by IL-6 production. The change in mRNA of toll like receptor 4 （TLR4） was evaluated by real time PCR. Colitis was induced by feeding BALB/C mice with 2.0% dextran sodium sulfate. These mice received either 5% lyophilized E.lirnosum （n=7） or control diet （n=7）. Seven days after colitis induction, clinical and histological scores, colon length, and cecal organic acid levels were determined.RESULTS： The E.Iimosum produced butyrate, acetate, propionate, and lactate at 0.25, 1.0, 0.025 and 0.07 retool/L, respectively in medium. At this concentration, each acid had no growth stimulating activity on T84 cells; however, when these acids were mixed together at the above levels, it showed significantly high activity than control. Except for lactate, these acids significantly attenuated IL-6 production at just 0.1 mmol/L. In addition, under TNF-α stimulation, butyrate attenuated the production of TLR4 mRNA. The treatment with E.limosum significantly attenuated clinical and histological scores of colitis with an increase of cecal butyrate levels, compared with the control group.CONCLUSION： E.limosum can ameliorate experimental colonic inflammation. In part, the metabolite of E.lirnosurn, butyrate, increases mucosal integrity and shows anti-inflammatory action modulation of mucosal defense system via TLR4.
文摘Background: About 70% of Japanese children with severe motor and intellectual disabilities (SMID) live at home, and the number is increasing. Family members have an enormous burden of daily physical care for these children. A top priority is to understand quality of life (QoL), family function, and family empowerment to effectively support these families. We aimed to assess current living situations of families with a SMID child, and to reveal the relationships between QoL, family function, and family empowerment. Methods: Sixty-five family members from 34 families with a SMID child participated in this study. We assessed 5 parameters using the Japanese versions of the following instruments: World Health Organization Quality of Life 26 (WHOQOL26), Kinder Lebensqualitats Fragebogen (KINDL), Family Assessment Device (FAD), Family Adaptability and Cohesion Evaluation Scale KG-4 (FACESKG-4), and Family Empowerment Scale (FES). Correlation and multiple regression analyses were conducted;QoL score was the objective variable. Results: Participants included 54 parents (34 mothers, 20 fathers) and 11 siblings. The mean age of SMID children was 10.4 ± 5.03 years. Twenty-two children needed multiple types of medical care. The mean age of parents and siblings was 41.5 ± 6.16 years and 15.5 ± 2.35 years, respectively. The mean QoL score (3.28 ± 0.5) was similar to the Japanese average. The mean KINDL score (77.2 ± 12.1) was higher than those of previous studies. The mean FAD score was 1.97 ± 0.32. For FACEKG-4, the score of adaptability was correlated with WHOQOL score (r = 0.459, p < 0.05). The mean score of FES was 113.6 ± 14. As the result of multiple regression analysis, lower family FAD scores ([sb] = ?0.61, p < 0.01) indicated higher family function and greater age of participants (sb = 0.495, p < 0.01) was correlated with higher WHOQOL scores (F = 15.208, p < 0.01). Conclusions: Our results indicated that the individual QoL depended on the age of participants (equals the years of experience caring for a SMID chi
文摘Li-rich cathode materials have been considered as promising candidates for high-energy lithium ion batteries （LIBs）. In this study, we report a new series of Li-rich materials （Li[Li1/B-2x/BMn2/3-x/3Nix]O2 （0.09 ≤x≤ 0.2）） doped with small amounts of Ni as cathode materials in LIBs, which exhibited unusual phenomenon of capacity increase up to tens of cycles due to the continuous activation of the Li2MnO3 phase. Both experimental and computational results indicate that unlike commonly studied Ni-doped Li-rich cathode materials, smaller amounts of Ni doping can promote the stepwise Li2MnO3 activation to obtain increased specific capacity and better cycling capability. In contrast, excessive Ni will over-activate the Li2MnO3 and result in a large capacity loss in the first cycle. The Lil.25Mn0.625Ni0.12sO2 material with an optimized content of Ni delivered a superior high capacity of -280 mAh.g-1 and good cycling stability at room temperature.
文摘Nickel molybdenum carbide catalysts were prepared and their activities in the CO2 reforming of methane at a low CO2/CH4 reactant ratio were investigated using a microreactor at atmospheric pressure and at 973 K.The effect of the catalyst preparation method and the Ni/Mo ratio on the increase in catalyst life and the promotion of catalytic activity were investigated using N2 adsorption,X-ray diffraction, temperature-programmed carburization,temperature-programmed reaction,and a reforming reaction.The 25Ni75Mo catalyst that was carburized at 813 K exhibited the highest hydrogen formation ability and gave the least carbon deposition.The incomplete carburization of the Mo oxide species in the catalyst that was carburized at a lower temperature gradually gave a more active carburized species.The NiMoOxCy in the catalyst was more active in hydrogen formation during the dry reforming of methane whileβ-Mo2C andη-Mo3C2 were less active.
基金supported by the ERC grant Honeypol,the H2020-FETFLAG project PhoQus(820392)the QUANTERA project Interpol(ANR-QUAN-0003-05)+11 种基金the French National Research Agency project Quantum Fluids of Light(ANR-16-CE30-0021)the French government through the Programme Investissement d’Avenir(I-SITE ULNE/ANR-16-IDEX-0004 ULNE)managed by the Agence Nationale de la Recherchethe French RENATECH network,the Labex CEMPI(ANR-11-LABX-0007)the CPER Photonics for Society P4S and the Metropole Europeenne de Lille(MEL)via the project TFlightfinancial support from the FPI Scholarship No.BES-2015-074708the Spanish MINECO grant No.MAT2017-83722-Rsupported by funding from the ERC Starting Grant TopoColdsupported by JSPS KAKENHI Grant Number JP18H05857JST PRESTO Grant Number JPMJPR19L2JST CREST Grant Number JPMJCR19T1the RIKEN Incentive Research Projectthe Interdisciplinary Theoretical and Mathematical Sciences Program(iTHEMS)at RIKEN.
文摘We report the realization of a synthetic magnetic field for photons and polaritons in a honeycomb lattice of coupled semiconductor micropillars.A strong synthetic field is induced in both the s and p orbital bands by engineering a uniaxial hopping gradient in the lattice,giving rise to the formation of Landau levels at the Dirac points.We provide direct evidence of the sublattice symmetry breaking of the lowest-order Landau level wavefunction,a distinctive feature of synthetic magnetic fields.Our realization implements helical edge states in the gap between n=0 and n=±1 Landau levels,experimentally demonstrating a novel way of engineering propagating edge states in photonic lattices.In light of recent advances in the enhancement of polariton–polariton nonlinearities,the Landau levels reported here are promising for the study of the interplay between pseudomagnetism and interactions in a photonic system.
文摘The objective of this study was to quantify multimodal connectivity of HSR stations and its impact on ridership in four countries: France, Spain, Japan and China. In this study, multimodal connectivity is measured by the number of different modes of transportation connected to HSR stations, the number of installed arrival and departure facilities for each mode, the transfer time from connecting modes to boarding platforms at HSR stations, and the arrival time intervals of public transportation modes. Data were collected from HSR systems of these four countries. The relationship between ridership and the characteristics of multimodal connectivity was identified using regression models developed in this study. All the connectivity variables considered in this study influence ridership in these four countries in different ways. On the whole, bus, subway, and regional railroad services influence ridership significantly. For instance, the more bus services connected to the station, the higher the ridership. This trend is apparent in three of the four countries, France being the exception. Also, subway, light rail, and traditional rail are modes of high-capacity transportation. Their connection to HSR stations always implies high ridership for high-speed rail. The number of facilities also shows significant impacts on HSR ridership. For instance, the more bus and subway stops, and the more bicycle parking and taxi stands, the higher the ridership. Transfer time also has a significant influence.
文摘The three-dimensional visualization of flow and screech-tone emission from an underexpanded circular jet is first investigated experimentally using high-speed cross-schlieren imaging and microphone measurements in the cross-sectional planes along the jet axis. This experimental technique allows the visualization of the shock-cell structure, directivity of sound intensity, and frequency spectrum in the cross-sectional planes of the screeching jet. The high-speed cross-schlieren observation of the screeching jet shows the occurrence of an asymmetrical shock-cell structure that is generated by the flapping mode in the screeching jet. This contributes to the generation of a screech tone propagating upstream along the jet axis and non-uniform sound intensities around the jet in circumferential direction. These observations by high-speed cross</span><span style="white-space:normal;font-size:10pt;font-family:"">-</span><span style="white-space:normal;font-size:10pt;font-family:"">schlieren imaging were validated by the microphone measurements.
文摘A 79-year-old male was admitted to our hospital for the treatment of cancer of the gastric tube.Gastrointestinal examination revealed a T1 b Union for International Cancer Control(UICC) tumor at the pyloric region of the gastric tube.Laparotomy did not reveal infiltration intothe serosa,peritoneal dissemination,regional lymph node swelling,or distant metastasis.We performed a distal gastrectomy preserving the right gastroepiploic artery by referencing the preoperative three-dimensional computed tomoangiography.We also evaluated the blood flow of the right gastroepiploic artery and in the proximal gastric tube by using indocyanine green fluorescence imaging intra-operatively and then followed with a gastrojejunal anastomosis with Roux-en-Y reconstruction.The definitive diagnosis was moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma of the gastric tube,pT 1bN 0M0,pS tage IA(UICC).His postoperative course was uneventful.Three-dimensional computed tomographic imaging is effective for assessing the course of blood vessels and the relationship with the surrounding structures.Intraoperative evaluation of blood flow of the right gastroepiploic artery and of the gastric tube in the anastomotic portion is very valuable information and could contribute to a safe gastrointestinal reconstruction.
文摘We present a rare case of fecaloma, 7 cm in size, in the setting of systemic scleroderma. A colonoscopy revealed a giant brown fecaloma occupying the lumen of the colon and a colonic ulcer that was caused by the fecaloma. The surface of the fecaloma was hard, large and slippery, and fragmentation was not possible despite the use of various devices, including standard biopsy forceps, an injection needle, and a snare. However, jumbo forceps were able to shave the surface of the fecaloma and break it successfully by repeated biting for 6 h over 2 d. The ability of the jumbo forceps to collect large mucosal samples was also appropriate for achieving fragmentation of the giant fecaloma.
文摘<strong>Purpose: </strong>This study aims to investigate the implementation conditions of bereavement care for bereaved families and the relationship between demographics of home-visit nurses and rates of provision of bereavement care. <strong>Methods: </strong>A self-rating anonymous questionnaire survey was conducted with 2200 facilities randomly selected from among the members of the Home-visit Nursing Stations of the National Nursing Business Association. Calculating the rates of provision of each pre- and post-bereavement care item of the survey, we performed a multiple logistic regression analysis to investigate the relationship between the demographics of home-visit nurses and rates of provision of care. Statistical processing employed SPSS ver. 21.0 with the significance level set at 5%. <strong>Results:</strong> A total of 688 responses were collected (collection rate, 31.3%), and 649 were included in the analysis. “Approval of the care that the family has provided” and “Involvement in the care together with the family and listening to their thoughts” were frequently provided in both pre- and post-bereavement care;however, the rate of provision of “Provided continued support/life planning until the family fully recovers social life” was low. More care services were provided by home-visit nurses working in facilities with 24-hour services in pre-bereavement, and by those with longer home-visit nursing experience in post-bereavement. <strong>Conclusions:</strong> Home-visit nurses provide many post-bereavement care services. However, continued care that helps bereaved families fully recover their social life, including life planning, is less frequently provided. Bereavement care provision rates vary depending on the facility type, whether the facility offers 24-hour services, and the length of home-visit nursing experience.
文摘Background:In adults, epithelial cell proliferation and apoptosis of the gastric mucosa are induced by Helicobacter pylori infection and are associated with gastric atrophy or gastric carcinoma. In children, there are few studies about such epithelial changes. To elucidate the role of H. pylori infection in gastric mucosal inflammation, we immunohistochemically examined gastric mucosa of Japanese children. Methods:Biopsy specimens obtained from the gastric antrum and corpus of H. pylori-infected (n = 13) and noninfected children (n = 15) were studied for immunolocalization of Ki-67, single-strand DNA, manganese superoxide dismutase (Mn-SOD), and CD68, and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP-biotin nick-end labeling. In 10 patients with successful eradication, pre-and post treatment results were compared. Results:In both gastric antrum and corpus, neutrophil and mononuclear cell infiltration, epithelial cell proliferation, and apoptosis significantly increased in H. pylori-infected patients, predominantly in the antrum. In the antrum of H. pylori-infected patients, there was positive correlation between the degrees of neutrophil infiltration and cell proliferation (P < 0.05) or apoptosis (P < 0.05). H. pylori eradication improved mucosal inflammation, cell proliferation (P < 0.001), and apoptosis (P < 0.01) in the antrum. Mn-SOD immunoreactivity and CD68-positive macrophages in the antrum, which significantly increased in H. pylori-infected patients, decreased after the eradication. Conclusions:H. pylori infection induced gastric mucosal inflammation and epithelial cell turnover in children. Moreover, gastric mucosal defense mechanism against H. pylori infection was activated. H. pylori eradication in childhood might prevent the accumulation of gastric epithelial cell damage.
