Background and Aims:Lipid accumulation is the major characteristic of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease,the prevalence of which continues to rise.We aimed to investigate the effects and mechanisms of icaritin on lipid...Background and Aims:Lipid accumulation is the major characteristic of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease,the prevalence of which continues to rise.We aimed to investigate the effects and mechanisms of icaritin on lipid accumulation.Methods:Cells were treated with icaritin at 0.7,2.2,6.7,or 20μM for 24 h.The effects on lipid accumulation in L02 and Huh-7 cells were detected by Bodipy and oil red O staining,respectively.Mitochondria biogenesis of L02 cells was detected by MitoTracker Orange staining.Glucose uptake and adenosine triphosphate content of 3T3-L1 adipocytes and C2C12 myotubes were detected.The expression levels of proteins in the adenosine 5′-monophosphate-activated protein kinase(AMPK)signaling pathway,biomarkers of autophagy,and mitochondria biogenesis were measured by western blotting.LC3 puncta were detected by immunofluorescence.Results:Icaritin significantly attenuated lipid accumulation in L02 and Huh-7 cells and boosted the mitochondria biogenesis of L02 cells.Icaritin enhanced glucose uptake,decreased adenosine triphosphate content,and activated the AMPK signaling pathway in 3T3-L1 adipocytes and C2C12 myotubes.Icaritin boosted autophagy and also enhanced the initiation of autophagic flux in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes and C2C12 myoblasts.However,icaritin decreased autophagy and promoted mitochondria biogenesis in 3T3-L1 adipocytes and C2C12 myotubes.Conclusions:Icaritin attenuates lipid accumulation by increasing energy expenditure and regulating autophagy by activating the AMPK pathway.展开更多
Traditional 802.11 power saving mechanism (PSM) treats multicast and broadcast traffic equally, and suffers sig-nificant performance degradation with multicast background traffic. This paper proposes an enhanced PSM t...Traditional 802.11 power saving mechanism (PSM) treats multicast and broadcast traffic equally, and suffers sig-nificant performance degradation with multicast background traffic. This paper proposes an enhanced PSM that effectively dif-ferentiates multicast streams. It re-arranges the virtual bitmap of the traffic indication map (TIM) to carry traffic status for mul-ticast groups and introduces a concept of sequential transmission of multi-addressed data to facilitate differentiation among mul-ticast groups. Our analysis shows that the enhanced PSM can effectively save power in mixed traffic environments.展开更多
基金This work was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.81770580)open funding from the Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology(Grant No.2020FSZLX-02).
文摘Background and Aims:Lipid accumulation is the major characteristic of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease,the prevalence of which continues to rise.We aimed to investigate the effects and mechanisms of icaritin on lipid accumulation.Methods:Cells were treated with icaritin at 0.7,2.2,6.7,or 20μM for 24 h.The effects on lipid accumulation in L02 and Huh-7 cells were detected by Bodipy and oil red O staining,respectively.Mitochondria biogenesis of L02 cells was detected by MitoTracker Orange staining.Glucose uptake and adenosine triphosphate content of 3T3-L1 adipocytes and C2C12 myotubes were detected.The expression levels of proteins in the adenosine 5′-monophosphate-activated protein kinase(AMPK)signaling pathway,biomarkers of autophagy,and mitochondria biogenesis were measured by western blotting.LC3 puncta were detected by immunofluorescence.Results:Icaritin significantly attenuated lipid accumulation in L02 and Huh-7 cells and boosted the mitochondria biogenesis of L02 cells.Icaritin enhanced glucose uptake,decreased adenosine triphosphate content,and activated the AMPK signaling pathway in 3T3-L1 adipocytes and C2C12 myotubes.Icaritin boosted autophagy and also enhanced the initiation of autophagic flux in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes and C2C12 myoblasts.However,icaritin decreased autophagy and promoted mitochondria biogenesis in 3T3-L1 adipocytes and C2C12 myotubes.Conclusions:Icaritin attenuates lipid accumulation by increasing energy expenditure and regulating autophagy by activating the AMPK pathway.
基金Project (Nos. 60574087 and 60721003) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China
文摘Traditional 802.11 power saving mechanism (PSM) treats multicast and broadcast traffic equally, and suffers sig-nificant performance degradation with multicast background traffic. This paper proposes an enhanced PSM that effectively dif-ferentiates multicast streams. It re-arranges the virtual bitmap of the traffic indication map (TIM) to carry traffic status for mul-ticast groups and introduces a concept of sequential transmission of multi-addressed data to facilitate differentiation among mul-ticast groups. Our analysis shows that the enhanced PSM can effectively save power in mixed traffic environments.
