Background:Human infections with zoonotic coronaviruses(CoVs),including severe acute respiratory syndrome(SARS)-CoV and Middle East respiratory syndrome(MERS)-CoV,have raised great public health concern globally.Here,...Background:Human infections with zoonotic coronaviruses(CoVs),including severe acute respiratory syndrome(SARS)-CoV and Middle East respiratory syndrome(MERS)-CoV,have raised great public health concern globally.Here,we report a novel batorigin CoV causing severe and fatal pneumonia in humans.Methods:We collected clinical data and bronchoalveolar lavage(BAL)specimens from five patients with severe pneumonia from Wuhan Jinyintan Hospital,Hubei province,China.Nucleic acids of the BAL were extracted and subjected to next-generation sequencing.Virus isolation was carried out,and maximum-likelihood phylogenetic trees were constructed.Results:Five patients hospitalized from December 18 to December 29,2019 presented with fever,cough,and dyspnea accompanied by complications of acute respiratory distress syndrome.Chest radiography revealed diffuse opacities and consolidation.One of these patients died.Sequence results revealed the presence of a previously unknownβ-CoV strain in all five patients,with 99.8%to 99.9%nucleotide identities among the isolates.These isolates showed 79.0%nucleotide identity with the sequence of SARS-CoV(GenBank NC_004718)and 51.8%identity with the sequence of MERS-CoV(GenBank NC_019843).The virus is phylogenetically closest to a bat SARS-like CoV(SL-ZC45,GenBank MG772933)with 87.6%to 87.7%nucleotide identity,but is in a separate clade.Moreover,these viruses have a single intact open reading frame gene 8,as a further indicator of bat-origin CoVs.However,the amino acid sequence of the tentative receptor-binding domain resembles that of SARS-CoV,indicating that these viruses might use the same receptor.Conclusion:A novel bat-borne CoV was identified that is associated with severe and fatal respiratory disease in humans.展开更多
BACKGROUND: Gut microbiota plays a significant role in the pathogenesis of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). This study aimed to assess the contribution of gut microbiota dysbiosis to the pathogenesis of NAFL...BACKGROUND: Gut microbiota plays a significant role in the pathogenesis of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). This study aimed to assess the contribution of gut microbiota dysbiosis to the pathogenesis of NAFLD. METHODS: Forty-seven human feces samples (25 NAFLD patients and 22 healthy subjects) were collected and 16S rDNA amplicon sequencing was conducted on Hiseq 2000 platform. Discrepancy of species composition between controls and NAFLD group was defined by Metastats analysis under P value <0.01. RESULTS: NAFLD patients harbored lower gut microbiota diversity than healthy subjects did. In comparison to the control group, the Proteobacteria (13.50%) and Fusobacteria (2.76%) phyla were more abundant in NAFLD patients. Additionally, the Lachnospiraceae (21.90%), Enterobacteriaceae (12.02%), Erysipelotrichaceae (3.83%), and Streptococcaceae (1.39%) families, as well as the Escherichia_Shigella (10.84%), Lachnospiraceae_Incertae_Sedis (7.79%), and Blautia (4.95%) genera were enriched in the NAFLD group. However, there was a lower abundance of Prevotella in the NAFLD group than that in the control group (5.83% vs 27.56%, P<0.01). The phylum Bacteroidetes (44.63%) also tended to be more abundant in healthy subjects, and the families Prevotellaceae (28.66%) and Ruminococcaceae (26.44%) followed the same trend. Compared to those without non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), patients with NASH had higher abundance of genus Blautia (5.82% vs 2.25%; P=0.01) and the corresponding Lachnospiraceae family (24.33% vs 14.21%; P<0.01). Patients with significant fibrosis had a higher abundance of genus Escherichia_Shigella (12.53% vs 1.97%; P<0.01) and the corresponding Enterobacteriaceae family (13.92% vs 2.07%; P<0.01) compared to those with F0/F1 fibrosis. CONCLUSIONS: NAFLD patients and healthy subjects harbor varying gut microbiota. In contrast to the results of previous research on children, decreased levels of Prevotella might be detrimental for adults with NAFLD. The increased level of the genus Blautia, the fami展开更多
Electroacupuncture has been widely used to treat cognitive impairment after cerebral ischemia,but the underlying mechanism has not yet been fully elucidated.Studies have shown that autophagy plays an important role in...Electroacupuncture has been widely used to treat cognitive impairment after cerebral ischemia,but the underlying mechanism has not yet been fully elucidated.Studies have shown that autophagy plays an important role in the formation and development of cognitive impairment,and the phosphoinositide 3-kinase(PI3K)/Akt signaling pathway plays an important role in autophagy regulation.To investigate the role played by the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway in the electroacupuncture treatment of cerebral ischemia/reperfusion rat models,we first established a rat model of cerebral ischemia/reperfusion through the occlusion of the middle cerebral artery using the suture method.Starting at 2 hours after modeling,electroacupuncture was delivered at the Shenting(GV24)and Baihui(GV20)acupoints,with a dilatational wave(1-20 Hz frequency,2 mA intensity,6 V peak voltage),for 30 minutes/day over 8 consecutive days.Our results showed that electroacupuncture reduced the infarct volume in a rat model of cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury,increased the mRNA expression levels of the PI3K/Akt signaling pathwayrelated factors Beclin-1,mammalian target of rapamycin(mTOR),and PI3K,increased the protein expression levels of phosphorylated Akt,Beclin-1,PI3K,and mTOR in the ischemic cerebral cortex,and simultaneously reduced p53 mRNA and protein expression levels.In the Morris water maze test,the latency to find the hidden platform was significantly shortened among rats subjected to electroacupuncture stimulation compared with rats without electroacupuncture stimulation.In the spatial probe test,the number of times that a rat crossed the target quadrant was increased in rats subjected to electroacupuncture stimulation compared with rats without electroacupuncture stimulation.Electroacupuncture stimulation applied to the Shenting(GV24)and Baihui(GV20)acupoints activated the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway and improved rat learning and memory impairment.This study was approved by the Animal Ethics Committee of the First Affiliated Hospital of Henan Unive展开更多
Background The relationship between inflammatory markers and the characteristics of coronary atherosclerosis plaques is uncertain. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the relationship between the characterist...Background The relationship between inflammatory markers and the characteristics of coronary atherosclerosis plaques is uncertain. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the relationship between the characteristics of coronary atherosclerosis plaques and inflammatory markers such as high sensitivity C-reactive proteins （Hs-CRP） and interleukin-6 （IL-6）. Methods All patients suspected of having coronary heart disease （CHD） underwent Siemens 64-slice CT angiography （64-SCTA） to distinguish the quality of plaque of coronary artery lesions. Blood samples were taken to measure levels of serum Hs-CRP and IL-6 in different plaque groups and the control group and compared with the value of 64-SCTA for detection of coronary artery plaque. Results The sensitivity of detecting coronary artery plaque by 64-SCTA was 87.4%, the specificity was 87.1%, the positive predictive value was 82.2%, and the negative predictive value was 91.0%. Comparing the levels of serum Hs-CRP and IL-6 among plaque groups, the mean levels of serum Hs-CRP and IL-6 in three plaque groups were significantly higher than those in the control group （P 〈0.01）. The mean levels of serum Hs-CRP and IL-6 in the soft plaque group and mixed plaque group were significantly higher than those in hard plaque group （P〈0.01）. Plaque burden in the soft plaque group and mixed plaque group was significantly higher than in the hard plaque group （P 〈0.01）, but there was no statistical difference between the soft plaque group and mixed plaque group （P=-0.246）. There was a negative correlation between the CT scale and Hs-CRP and IL-6 levels in the soft plaque group （r= -0.621, P〈0.01, and r= -0.593, P 〈0.01 respectively）. There was a positive correlation between the plaque burden and Hs-CRP and IL-6 levels in the soft plaque group （r=0.579, P〈0.05 and r=0.429, P〈0.05 respectively）. Conclusions 64-SCTA is an effective way to distinguish the different quality of coronary atherosclerosis plaque. Serum Hs-CRP and IL-6 l展开更多
Background Large animal models with toxin-mediated pancreatic damage have been used extensively in researches with respect to diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular diabetic complications. The present study aimed to est...Background Large animal models with toxin-mediated pancreatic damage have been used extensively in researches with respect to diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular diabetic complications. The present study aimed to establish Chinese Guizhou minipig models with streptozotocin （STZ）-induced diabetes and characterize the animal models by analyzing inflammatory cytokine levels in aortic wall, such as tumor necrosis factor （TNF）-α, interleukin-1β （IL-1β） and interleukin-6 （IL-6）. Methods Twenty-two male Chinese Guizhou minipigs （age, 4 to 6 months; weight, 20 kg to 30 kg） were divided into STZ-induced diabetic group （n=-12） and control group （n=-10）. STZ （125 mg/kg） was administrated to induce hyperglycemia and afterwards insulin was used to control fasting blood glucose levels below 10 mmol/L. Oral glucose tolerance test （OGTT） was performed before and one month after STZ administration and serum concentrations of alanine transaminase, asparegine transaminase, albumin, blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, lipids and white blood cell count were measured before and six months later. Animals in both groups were euthanized after six months and pancreas was examined immunohistochemically for islet 13 cells. Aortic intima of diabetic minipigs and controls was analyzed for TNF-α level in tissue conditioned medium by Western blot. TNF-α, IL-β and IL-6 mFINA levels in aortic intima were assayed by reverse transcription and polymerase chain reaction （FIT-PCR）. Results Significant elevation in serum glucose levels was observed one month and six months after STZ induction （P〈0.001） and markedly increased OGTT values were noted, compared with baseline data. The normal pancreas had many irregular sized islets and small clusters of islet β cells, while in pancreas of diabetic minipigs islet β ceils almost disappeared. No statistical difference was notified in serum concentrations of biochemical examinations before and six months after STZ induction. Westem blot demonstrated dramatica展开更多
The incidence of prostate cancer(PCa)within Asian population used to be much lower than in the Western population;however,in recent years the incidence and mortality rate of PCa in some Asian countries have grown rapi...The incidence of prostate cancer(PCa)within Asian population used to be much lower than in the Western population;however,in recent years the incidence and mortality rate of PCa in some Asian countries have grown rapidly.This collaborative report summarized the latest epidemiology information,risk factors,and racial differences in PCa diagnosis,current status and new trends in surgery management and novel agents for castration-resistant prostate cancer.We believe such information would be helpful in clinical decision making for urologists and oncologists,health-care ministries and medical researchers.展开更多
Background: Approximately 70% patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) presented without ST-segment elevation on electrocardiogram. Patients with non-ST segment elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) often pr...Background: Approximately 70% patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) presented without ST-segment elevation on electrocardiogram. Patients with non-ST segment elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) often presented with atypical symptoms, which may be related to pre-hospital delay and increased risk of mortality. However, up to date few studies reported detailed symptomatology of NSTEMI, particularly among Asian patients. The objective of this study was to describe and compare symptoms and presenting characteristics of NSTEMI vs. STEMI patients. Methods: We enrolled 21,994 patients diagnosed with AMI from China Acute Myocardial Infarction (CAMI) Registry between January 2013 and September 2014. Patients were divided into 2 groups according to ST-segment elevation: ST-segment elevation (STEMI) group and NSTEMI group. We extracted data on patients' characteristics and detailed symptomatology and compared these variables between two groups. Results: Compared with patients with STEMI (N=16,315), those with NSTEMI (N=5679) were older, more often females and more often have comorbidities. Patients with NSTEMI were less likely to present with persistent chest pain (54.3% vs.71.4%), diaphoresis (48.6% vs.70.0%), radiation pain (26.4% vs.33.8%), and more likely to have chest distress (42.4% vs.38.3%) than STEMI patients (all P<0.0001). Patients with NSTEMI were also had longer time to hospital. In multivariable analysis, NSTEMI was independent predictor of presentation without chest pain (odds ratio: 1.974, 95% confidence interval:1.849-2.107). Conclusions: Patients with NSTEMI were more likely to present with chest distress and pre-hospital patient delay compared with patients with STEMI. It is necessary for both clinicians and patients to learn more about atypical symptoms of NSTEMI in order to rapidly recognize myocardial infarction.展开更多
AIM:To analyze the hepatitis B virus(HBV) characters in China,as well as the correlation between several HBV mutation and hepatitis symptoms.METHODS:A total of 1148 HBV genome sequences from patients throughout China ...AIM:To analyze the hepatitis B virus(HBV) characters in China,as well as the correlation between several HBV mutation and hepatitis symptoms.METHODS:A total of 1148 HBV genome sequences from patients throughout China were collected via the National Center For Biotechnology Information database(information including:genotype,territory and clinical status).HBV genotypes were classified by a direct reference from the Genbank sequence annotation,phylogenetic tree and online software analysis(http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/projects/genotyping/formpage.cgi).The phylogenetic tree was constructed based on the neighbor-joining method by MEGA5.0 software.HBV sequences were grouped based on phylogenetic tree and the distance between the groups was calculated by using the computer between group mean distance methods.Seven hundred and twelve HBV sequences with clear annotation of clinical symptoms were selected to analyses the correlation of mutation and clinical symptoms.Characteristics of sequences were analyzed by using DNAStar and BioEdit software packages.The codon usage bias and RNA secondary structures analysis were performed by RNAdraw software.Recombination analysis was performed by using Simplot software.RESULTS:In China,HBV genotype C was the predominant in Northeastern,genotype B was predominant in Central Southern areas,genotype B and C were both dominant in Southwestern areas,and the recombinant genotype C/D was predominant in Northwestern areas.C2 and B2 were identified as the two major sub-genotypes,FJ386674 might be a putative sub-genotype as B10.The basal core promoter double mutation and pre-C mutation showed various significant differences between hepatitis symptoms.In addition to ATG,many other HBV initiation codons also exist.HBV has codon usage bias;the termination codon of X,C and P open reading frames(ORF) were TAA,TAG,and TGA,respectively.The major stop codons of S-ORF were TAA(96.45%) and TGA(83.60%) in B2 and C2 subtype,respectively.CONCLUSION:This study recapitulated the epidemiology of HBV in China,展开更多
AIM:To retrospectively analyze the fields of application,diagnostic yields and findings of OMOM capsule endoscopy in Chinese patients.METHODS:A database including 2400 Chinese patients who received OMOM capsule endosc...AIM:To retrospectively analyze the fields of application,diagnostic yields and findings of OMOM capsule endoscopy in Chinese patients.METHODS:A database including 2400 Chinese patients who received OMOM capsule endoscopy in 27 endoscopy centers in China was retrieved from the Jianshan Science and Technology Ltd.OMOM capsule endoscopy database.The patient's age,gender,fields of application,the potentially relevant findings,pyloric transit time(PTT),small bowel transit time(SBTT),and complete small-bowel examination rate(CSER) were recorded and analyzed.RESULTS:Two thousand four hundred patients aged 9-91 years(mean,49 years),of whom 1510 were males(62.9%),underwent 2400 OMOM capsule endoscopy procedures.One thousand two hundred and thirty two(51.3%) were referred with obscure gastrointestinal bleeding(OGIB),642(26.8%) with abdominal pain,and 223(9.3%) with chronic diarrhea.The overall diagnostic yield was 47.7%(1144/2400).The diagnostic yield of OMOM capsule endoscopy in OGIB subgroup was much higher than in the non-OGIB subgroup(62.4% vs 32.1%,P<0.001).The most common findings of the small bowel in Chinese patients with OGIB were arteriovenous malformation(28.1%) and tumors(18.9%).There was no significant difference in the diagnostic yield between the male and female patients with OGIB.However,the diagnostic yield in patients aged more than 60 was higher than in patients aged less than 60(69.8% vs 58.9%,P<0.001).The median PTT was 41 min(range:1-544 min) and the mean SBTT was 247.2 ± 88.9 min.The overall CSER was 86.8%.CONCLUSION:The OMOM capsule endoscopy is a valuable tool for small bowel evaluation with good overall diagnostic yield and CSER.展开更多
AIM: To evaluate whether Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) eradication therapy benefits patients with functional dyspepsia (FD).METHODS: Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) investigating the efficacy and safety of H. py...AIM: To evaluate whether Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) eradication therapy benefits patients with functional dyspepsia (FD).METHODS: Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) investigating the efficacy and safety of H. pylori eradication therapy for patients with functional dyspepsia published in English (up to May 2015) were identified by searching PubMed, EMBASE, and The Cochrane Library. Pooled estimates were measured using the fixed or random effect model. Overall effect was expressed as a pooled risk ratio (RR) or a standard mean difference (SMD). All data were analyzed with Review Manager 5.3 and Stata 12.0.RESULTS: This systematic review included 25 RCTs with a total of 5555 patients with FD. Twenty-three of these studies were used to evaluate the benefits of H. pylori eradication therapy for symptom improvement; the pooled RR was 1.23 (95%CI: 1.12-1.36, P < 0.0001). H. pylori eradication therapy demonstrated symptom improvement during long-term follow-up at ≥ 1 year (RR = 1.24; 95%CI: 1.12-1.37, P < 0.0001) but not during short-term follow-up at < 1 year (RR = 1.26; 95%CI: 0.83-1.92, P = 0.27). Seven studies showed no benefit of H. pylori eradication therapy on quality of life with an SMD of -0.01 (95%CI: -0.11 to 0.08, P = 0.80). Six studies demonstrated that H. pylori eradication therapy reduced the development of peptic ulcer disease compared to no eradication therapy (RR = 0.35; 95%CI: 0.18-0.68, P = 0.002). Eight studies showed that H. pylori eradication therapy increased the likelihood of treatment-related side effects compared to no eradication therapy (RR = 2.02; 95%CI: 1.12-3.65, P = 0.02). Ten studies demonstrated that patients who received H. pylori eradication therapy were more likely to obtain histologic resolution of chronic gastritis compared to those who did not receive eradication therapy (RR = 7.13; 95%CI: 3.68-13.81, P < 0.00001).CONCLUSION: The decision to eradicate H. pylori in patients with functional dyspepsia requires individual assessment.展开更多
目的探讨协同护理模式(collaborative care model,CCM)在脑卒中患者运动功能障碍康复中的应用方法及效果。方法2016年6-12月,便利抽样法选取西安市某三级甲等医院康复医学科收治的70例脑卒中患者为研究对象。采用随机数字表法将患者随...目的探讨协同护理模式(collaborative care model,CCM)在脑卒中患者运动功能障碍康复中的应用方法及效果。方法2016年6-12月,便利抽样法选取西安市某三级甲等医院康复医学科收治的70例脑卒中患者为研究对象。采用随机数字表法将患者随机分为观察组和对照组各35例。对照组患者给予常规护理和功能锻炼指导,观察组患者在对照组基础上应用CCM模式干预的功能锻炼,评价并比较两组患者干预前后的平衡功能及日常生活活动能力。结果干预前,两组患者Berg平衡量表(Berg balance stage,BBS)评分、改良Barthel指数(modified Bartherl Index,MBI)评分比较,差异均无统计学意义(均P>0.05);干预后,观察组患者BBS评分、MBI评分均高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。结论将CCM应用于脑卒中患者日常护理中,有助于患者运动功能状态恢复,提高患者日常生活活动能力。展开更多
基金This study was supported by grants from the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences(CAMS)Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences(No.2016-I2M-1-014)the National Major Science&Technology Project for Control and Prevention of Major Infectious Diseases in China(Nos.2017ZX10103004,2018ZX10305409,2017ZX10204401)the National Natural Science Foundation(No.81930063)
文摘Background:Human infections with zoonotic coronaviruses(CoVs),including severe acute respiratory syndrome(SARS)-CoV and Middle East respiratory syndrome(MERS)-CoV,have raised great public health concern globally.Here,we report a novel batorigin CoV causing severe and fatal pneumonia in humans.Methods:We collected clinical data and bronchoalveolar lavage(BAL)specimens from five patients with severe pneumonia from Wuhan Jinyintan Hospital,Hubei province,China.Nucleic acids of the BAL were extracted and subjected to next-generation sequencing.Virus isolation was carried out,and maximum-likelihood phylogenetic trees were constructed.Results:Five patients hospitalized from December 18 to December 29,2019 presented with fever,cough,and dyspnea accompanied by complications of acute respiratory distress syndrome.Chest radiography revealed diffuse opacities and consolidation.One of these patients died.Sequence results revealed the presence of a previously unknownβ-CoV strain in all five patients,with 99.8%to 99.9%nucleotide identities among the isolates.These isolates showed 79.0%nucleotide identity with the sequence of SARS-CoV(GenBank NC_004718)and 51.8%identity with the sequence of MERS-CoV(GenBank NC_019843).The virus is phylogenetically closest to a bat SARS-like CoV(SL-ZC45,GenBank MG772933)with 87.6%to 87.7%nucleotide identity,but is in a separate clade.Moreover,these viruses have a single intact open reading frame gene 8,as a further indicator of bat-origin CoVs.However,the amino acid sequence of the tentative receptor-binding domain resembles that of SARS-CoV,indicating that these viruses might use the same receptor.Conclusion:A novel bat-borne CoV was identified that is associated with severe and fatal respiratory disease in humans.
基金supported by grants from the National Key Basic Research Project(2012CB517501)the Chinese Foundation for Hepatitis Prevention and Control--“Wang Bao-En” Liver Fibrosis Research Foundation(XJS20120501)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(81400610)
文摘BACKGROUND: Gut microbiota plays a significant role in the pathogenesis of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). This study aimed to assess the contribution of gut microbiota dysbiosis to the pathogenesis of NAFLD. METHODS: Forty-seven human feces samples (25 NAFLD patients and 22 healthy subjects) were collected and 16S rDNA amplicon sequencing was conducted on Hiseq 2000 platform. Discrepancy of species composition between controls and NAFLD group was defined by Metastats analysis under P value <0.01. RESULTS: NAFLD patients harbored lower gut microbiota diversity than healthy subjects did. In comparison to the control group, the Proteobacteria (13.50%) and Fusobacteria (2.76%) phyla were more abundant in NAFLD patients. Additionally, the Lachnospiraceae (21.90%), Enterobacteriaceae (12.02%), Erysipelotrichaceae (3.83%), and Streptococcaceae (1.39%) families, as well as the Escherichia_Shigella (10.84%), Lachnospiraceae_Incertae_Sedis (7.79%), and Blautia (4.95%) genera were enriched in the NAFLD group. However, there was a lower abundance of Prevotella in the NAFLD group than that in the control group (5.83% vs 27.56%, P<0.01). The phylum Bacteroidetes (44.63%) also tended to be more abundant in healthy subjects, and the families Prevotellaceae (28.66%) and Ruminococcaceae (26.44%) followed the same trend. Compared to those without non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), patients with NASH had higher abundance of genus Blautia (5.82% vs 2.25%; P=0.01) and the corresponding Lachnospiraceae family (24.33% vs 14.21%; P<0.01). Patients with significant fibrosis had a higher abundance of genus Escherichia_Shigella (12.53% vs 1.97%; P<0.01) and the corresponding Enterobacteriaceae family (13.92% vs 2.07%; P<0.01) compared to those with F0/F1 fibrosis. CONCLUSIONS: NAFLD patients and healthy subjects harbor varying gut microbiota. In contrast to the results of previous research on children, decreased levels of Prevotella might be detrimental for adults with NAFLD. The increased level of the genus Blautia, the fami
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.81574042the Traditional Chinese Medicine Special Research Projects of Henan Province of China,No.2018JDZX011(both to XDF).
文摘Electroacupuncture has been widely used to treat cognitive impairment after cerebral ischemia,but the underlying mechanism has not yet been fully elucidated.Studies have shown that autophagy plays an important role in the formation and development of cognitive impairment,and the phosphoinositide 3-kinase(PI3K)/Akt signaling pathway plays an important role in autophagy regulation.To investigate the role played by the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway in the electroacupuncture treatment of cerebral ischemia/reperfusion rat models,we first established a rat model of cerebral ischemia/reperfusion through the occlusion of the middle cerebral artery using the suture method.Starting at 2 hours after modeling,electroacupuncture was delivered at the Shenting(GV24)and Baihui(GV20)acupoints,with a dilatational wave(1-20 Hz frequency,2 mA intensity,6 V peak voltage),for 30 minutes/day over 8 consecutive days.Our results showed that electroacupuncture reduced the infarct volume in a rat model of cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury,increased the mRNA expression levels of the PI3K/Akt signaling pathwayrelated factors Beclin-1,mammalian target of rapamycin(mTOR),and PI3K,increased the protein expression levels of phosphorylated Akt,Beclin-1,PI3K,and mTOR in the ischemic cerebral cortex,and simultaneously reduced p53 mRNA and protein expression levels.In the Morris water maze test,the latency to find the hidden platform was significantly shortened among rats subjected to electroacupuncture stimulation compared with rats without electroacupuncture stimulation.In the spatial probe test,the number of times that a rat crossed the target quadrant was increased in rats subjected to electroacupuncture stimulation compared with rats without electroacupuncture stimulation.Electroacupuncture stimulation applied to the Shenting(GV24)and Baihui(GV20)acupoints activated the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway and improved rat learning and memory impairment.This study was approved by the Animal Ethics Committee of the First Affiliated Hospital of Henan Unive
文摘Background The relationship between inflammatory markers and the characteristics of coronary atherosclerosis plaques is uncertain. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the relationship between the characteristics of coronary atherosclerosis plaques and inflammatory markers such as high sensitivity C-reactive proteins （Hs-CRP） and interleukin-6 （IL-6）. Methods All patients suspected of having coronary heart disease （CHD） underwent Siemens 64-slice CT angiography （64-SCTA） to distinguish the quality of plaque of coronary artery lesions. Blood samples were taken to measure levels of serum Hs-CRP and IL-6 in different plaque groups and the control group and compared with the value of 64-SCTA for detection of coronary artery plaque. Results The sensitivity of detecting coronary artery plaque by 64-SCTA was 87.4%, the specificity was 87.1%, the positive predictive value was 82.2%, and the negative predictive value was 91.0%. Comparing the levels of serum Hs-CRP and IL-6 among plaque groups, the mean levels of serum Hs-CRP and IL-6 in three plaque groups were significantly higher than those in the control group （P 〈0.01）. The mean levels of serum Hs-CRP and IL-6 in the soft plaque group and mixed plaque group were significantly higher than those in hard plaque group （P〈0.01）. Plaque burden in the soft plaque group and mixed plaque group was significantly higher than in the hard plaque group （P 〈0.01）, but there was no statistical difference between the soft plaque group and mixed plaque group （P=-0.246）. There was a negative correlation between the CT scale and Hs-CRP and IL-6 levels in the soft plaque group （r= -0.621, P〈0.01, and r= -0.593, P 〈0.01 respectively）. There was a positive correlation between the plaque burden and Hs-CRP and IL-6 levels in the soft plaque group （r=0.579, P〈0.05 and r=0.429, P〈0.05 respectively）. Conclusions 64-SCTA is an effective way to distinguish the different quality of coronary atherosclerosis plaque. Serum Hs-CRP and IL-6 l
基金The study was supported by the grant from the Shanghai Natural Science Foundation(No.028610)
文摘Background Large animal models with toxin-mediated pancreatic damage have been used extensively in researches with respect to diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular diabetic complications. The present study aimed to establish Chinese Guizhou minipig models with streptozotocin （STZ）-induced diabetes and characterize the animal models by analyzing inflammatory cytokine levels in aortic wall, such as tumor necrosis factor （TNF）-α, interleukin-1β （IL-1β） and interleukin-6 （IL-6）. Methods Twenty-two male Chinese Guizhou minipigs （age, 4 to 6 months; weight, 20 kg to 30 kg） were divided into STZ-induced diabetic group （n=-12） and control group （n=-10）. STZ （125 mg/kg） was administrated to induce hyperglycemia and afterwards insulin was used to control fasting blood glucose levels below 10 mmol/L. Oral glucose tolerance test （OGTT） was performed before and one month after STZ administration and serum concentrations of alanine transaminase, asparegine transaminase, albumin, blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, lipids and white blood cell count were measured before and six months later. Animals in both groups were euthanized after six months and pancreas was examined immunohistochemically for islet 13 cells. Aortic intima of diabetic minipigs and controls was analyzed for TNF-α level in tissue conditioned medium by Western blot. TNF-α, IL-β and IL-6 mFINA levels in aortic intima were assayed by reverse transcription and polymerase chain reaction （FIT-PCR）. Results Significant elevation in serum glucose levels was observed one month and six months after STZ induction （P〈0.001） and markedly increased OGTT values were noted, compared with baseline data. The normal pancreas had many irregular sized islets and small clusters of islet β cells, while in pancreas of diabetic minipigs islet β ceils almost disappeared. No statistical difference was notified in serum concentrations of biochemical examinations before and six months after STZ induction. Westem blot demonstrated dramatica
基金supported by the Program for Changjiang Scholars and Innovative Research Team in University scheme of the Ministry of Education of China(NO.IRT1111)the National Basic Research Program of China(2012CB518300)+2 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(81101946)the Shanghai Pujiang Program(12PJD008)Prostate Cancer Foundation Young Investigator Award,Shanghai Municipal Health and Family Planning Commission Outstanding Young Investigator(XYQ2013077).
文摘The incidence of prostate cancer(PCa)within Asian population used to be much lower than in the Western population;however,in recent years the incidence and mortality rate of PCa in some Asian countries have grown rapidly.This collaborative report summarized the latest epidemiology information,risk factors,and racial differences in PCa diagnosis,current status and new trends in surgery management and novel agents for castration-resistant prostate cancer.We believe such information would be helpful in clinical decision making for urologists and oncologists,health-care ministries and medical researchers.
文摘Background: Approximately 70% patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) presented without ST-segment elevation on electrocardiogram. Patients with non-ST segment elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) often presented with atypical symptoms, which may be related to pre-hospital delay and increased risk of mortality. However, up to date few studies reported detailed symptomatology of NSTEMI, particularly among Asian patients. The objective of this study was to describe and compare symptoms and presenting characteristics of NSTEMI vs. STEMI patients. Methods: We enrolled 21,994 patients diagnosed with AMI from China Acute Myocardial Infarction (CAMI) Registry between January 2013 and September 2014. Patients were divided into 2 groups according to ST-segment elevation: ST-segment elevation (STEMI) group and NSTEMI group. We extracted data on patients' characteristics and detailed symptomatology and compared these variables between two groups. Results: Compared with patients with STEMI (N=16,315), those with NSTEMI (N=5679) were older, more often females and more often have comorbidities. Patients with NSTEMI were less likely to present with persistent chest pain (54.3% vs.71.4%), diaphoresis (48.6% vs.70.0%), radiation pain (26.4% vs.33.8%), and more likely to have chest distress (42.4% vs.38.3%) than STEMI patients (all P<0.0001). Patients with NSTEMI were also had longer time to hospital. In multivariable analysis, NSTEMI was independent predictor of presentation without chest pain (odds ratio: 1.974, 95% confidence interval:1.849-2.107). Conclusions: Patients with NSTEMI were more likely to present with chest distress and pre-hospital patient delay compared with patients with STEMI. It is necessary for both clinicians and patients to learn more about atypical symptoms of NSTEMI in order to rapidly recognize myocardial infarction.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.81160352grants from the Education Department Foundation of Yunnan Province,No.2012J091+1 种基金Health Bureau of Yunnan Province,No.D-201203(partly)Science and Technology Department of Yunnan Province,No.2013HB084(partly)
文摘AIM:To analyze the hepatitis B virus(HBV) characters in China,as well as the correlation between several HBV mutation and hepatitis symptoms.METHODS:A total of 1148 HBV genome sequences from patients throughout China were collected via the National Center For Biotechnology Information database(information including:genotype,territory and clinical status).HBV genotypes were classified by a direct reference from the Genbank sequence annotation,phylogenetic tree and online software analysis(http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/projects/genotyping/formpage.cgi).The phylogenetic tree was constructed based on the neighbor-joining method by MEGA5.0 software.HBV sequences were grouped based on phylogenetic tree and the distance between the groups was calculated by using the computer between group mean distance methods.Seven hundred and twelve HBV sequences with clear annotation of clinical symptoms were selected to analyses the correlation of mutation and clinical symptoms.Characteristics of sequences were analyzed by using DNAStar and BioEdit software packages.The codon usage bias and RNA secondary structures analysis were performed by RNAdraw software.Recombination analysis was performed by using Simplot software.RESULTS:In China,HBV genotype C was the predominant in Northeastern,genotype B was predominant in Central Southern areas,genotype B and C were both dominant in Southwestern areas,and the recombinant genotype C/D was predominant in Northwestern areas.C2 and B2 were identified as the two major sub-genotypes,FJ386674 might be a putative sub-genotype as B10.The basal core promoter double mutation and pre-C mutation showed various significant differences between hepatitis symptoms.In addition to ATG,many other HBV initiation codons also exist.HBV has codon usage bias;the termination codon of X,C and P open reading frames(ORF) were TAA,TAG,and TGA,respectively.The major stop codons of S-ORF were TAA(96.45%) and TGA(83.60%) in B2 and C2 subtype,respectively.CONCLUSION:This study recapitulated the epidemiology of HBV in China,
基金Supported by (in part) Shanghai Educational Development Foundation,Shanghai Chenguang Project,No. 2007CG49
文摘AIM:To retrospectively analyze the fields of application,diagnostic yields and findings of OMOM capsule endoscopy in Chinese patients.METHODS:A database including 2400 Chinese patients who received OMOM capsule endoscopy in 27 endoscopy centers in China was retrieved from the Jianshan Science and Technology Ltd.OMOM capsule endoscopy database.The patient's age,gender,fields of application,the potentially relevant findings,pyloric transit time(PTT),small bowel transit time(SBTT),and complete small-bowel examination rate(CSER) were recorded and analyzed.RESULTS:Two thousand four hundred patients aged 9-91 years(mean,49 years),of whom 1510 were males(62.9%),underwent 2400 OMOM capsule endoscopy procedures.One thousand two hundred and thirty two(51.3%) were referred with obscure gastrointestinal bleeding(OGIB),642(26.8%) with abdominal pain,and 223(9.3%) with chronic diarrhea.The overall diagnostic yield was 47.7%(1144/2400).The diagnostic yield of OMOM capsule endoscopy in OGIB subgroup was much higher than in the non-OGIB subgroup(62.4% vs 32.1%,P<0.001).The most common findings of the small bowel in Chinese patients with OGIB were arteriovenous malformation(28.1%) and tumors(18.9%).There was no significant difference in the diagnostic yield between the male and female patients with OGIB.However,the diagnostic yield in patients aged more than 60 was higher than in patients aged less than 60(69.8% vs 58.9%,P<0.001).The median PTT was 41 min(range:1-544 min) and the mean SBTT was 247.2 ± 88.9 min.The overall CSER was 86.8%.CONCLUSION:The OMOM capsule endoscopy is a valuable tool for small bowel evaluation with good overall diagnostic yield and CSER.
文摘AIM: To evaluate whether Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) eradication therapy benefits patients with functional dyspepsia (FD).METHODS: Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) investigating the efficacy and safety of H. pylori eradication therapy for patients with functional dyspepsia published in English (up to May 2015) were identified by searching PubMed, EMBASE, and The Cochrane Library. Pooled estimates were measured using the fixed or random effect model. Overall effect was expressed as a pooled risk ratio (RR) or a standard mean difference (SMD). All data were analyzed with Review Manager 5.3 and Stata 12.0.RESULTS: This systematic review included 25 RCTs with a total of 5555 patients with FD. Twenty-three of these studies were used to evaluate the benefits of H. pylori eradication therapy for symptom improvement; the pooled RR was 1.23 (95%CI: 1.12-1.36, P < 0.0001). H. pylori eradication therapy demonstrated symptom improvement during long-term follow-up at ≥ 1 year (RR = 1.24; 95%CI: 1.12-1.37, P < 0.0001) but not during short-term follow-up at < 1 year (RR = 1.26; 95%CI: 0.83-1.92, P = 0.27). Seven studies showed no benefit of H. pylori eradication therapy on quality of life with an SMD of -0.01 (95%CI: -0.11 to 0.08, P = 0.80). Six studies demonstrated that H. pylori eradication therapy reduced the development of peptic ulcer disease compared to no eradication therapy (RR = 0.35; 95%CI: 0.18-0.68, P = 0.002). Eight studies showed that H. pylori eradication therapy increased the likelihood of treatment-related side effects compared to no eradication therapy (RR = 2.02; 95%CI: 1.12-3.65, P = 0.02). Ten studies demonstrated that patients who received H. pylori eradication therapy were more likely to obtain histologic resolution of chronic gastritis compared to those who did not receive eradication therapy (RR = 7.13; 95%CI: 3.68-13.81, P < 0.00001).CONCLUSION: The decision to eradicate H. pylori in patients with functional dyspepsia requires individual assessment.
