In 1964,a new herpesvirus,Epstein-Barr virus(EBV),was discovered in cultured tumor cells derived from a Burkitt lymphoma(BL)biopsy taken from an African patient.This was a momentous event that reinvigorated research i...In 1964,a new herpesvirus,Epstein-Barr virus(EBV),was discovered in cultured tumor cells derived from a Burkitt lymphoma(BL)biopsy taken from an African patient.This was a momentous event that reinvigorated research into viruses as a possible cause of human cancers.Subsequent studies demonstrated that EBV was a potent growth-transforming agent for primary B cells,and that all cases of BL carried characteristic chromosomal translocations resulting in constitutive activation of the c-MYC oncogene.These results hinted at simple oncogenic mechanisms that would make Burkitt lymphoma paradigmatic for cancers with viral etiology.In reality,the pathogenesis of this tumor is rather complicated with regard to both the contribution of the virus and the involvement of cellular oncogenes.Here,we review the current understanding of the roles of EBV and c-MYC in the pathogenesis of BL and the implications for new therapeutic strategies to treat this lymphoma.展开更多
AIM To develop a human in vitro model of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD), utilising primary hepatocytes cultured in a three-dimensional(3D) perfused platform. METHODS Fat and lean culture media were developed...AIM To develop a human in vitro model of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD), utilising primary hepatocytes cultured in a three-dimensional(3D) perfused platform. METHODS Fat and lean culture media were developed to directly investigate the effects of fat loading on primary hepatocytes cultured in a 3D perfused culture system. Oil Red O staining was used to measure fat loading in the hepatocytes and the consumption of free fatty acids(FFA) from culture medium was monitored. Hepatic functions, gene expression profiles and adipokine release were compared for cells cultured in fat and lean conditions. To determine if fat loading in the system could be modulated hepatocytes were treated with known anti-steatotic compounds. RESULTS Hepatocytes cultured in fat medium were found to accumulate three times more fat than lean cells and fat uptake was continuous over a 14-d culture. Fat loading of hepatocytes did not cause any hepatotoxicity and significantly increased albumin production. Numerous adipokines were expressed by fatty cells and genes associated with NAFLD and liver disease were upregulated including: Insulin-like growth factorbinding protein 1, fatty acid-binding protein 3 and CYP7A1. The metabolic activity of hepatocytes cultured in fatty conditions was found to be impaired and the activities of CYP3A4 and CYP2C9 were significantlyreduced, similar to observations made in NAFLD patients. The utility of the model for drug screening was demonstrated by measuring the effects of known antisteatotic compounds. Hepatocytes, cultured under fatty conditions and treated with metformin, had a reduced cellular fat content compared to untreated controls and consumed less FFA from cell culture medium.CONCLUSION The 3D in vitro NAFLD model recapitulates many features of clinical NAFLD and is an ideal tool for analysing the efficacy of anti-steatotic compounds.展开更多
Instant Digital Express iDEAL-CIO The “Magic Lamp” for Cloud Intelligence Outlet, which has been recommended, combines innovations to satisfy modern users’ needs and efficiently sift through the ever-expanding amou...Instant Digital Express iDEAL-CIO The “Magic Lamp” for Cloud Intelligence Outlet, which has been recommended, combines innovations to satisfy modern users’ needs and efficiently sift through the ever-expanding amount of intelligent content stored in the cloud. One such innovation introduces a ground-breaking concept to remove superfluous and outdated sequential search patterns that overwhelm the user and computer in order to better serve the user in an eclectic & elastic and multidimensional approach to finding, grouping, assimilation, organizing, and delivering archival content. The cloud intelligence outlet (CIO) is presented in this article as the perfect magic lamp option for quick digital express advocacy. The grouping, indexing, folding, and targeting (GIFT) method of multidimensional online synthetic/analytical intelligent content (MOSAIC) for adaptive intelligence is the fundamental intelligent aggregation and automated process of the Magic Lamp. Three perspectives above this new ideal framework are available to observe: The Magic Lamp proposes contextual and multiple analytical tracks to improve cloud intelligence services conceptually. Technically speaking, MOSAIC combines domain-specific services for a wide range of international users, and through the usage of Cloud Intelligence Outlet, GIFT operationally activates grouping, indexing, folding, and targeting to promote decent experience and in-depth research on target for users’ wants. Because of this, iDEAL-CIO works in tandem with cloud extraction, digital transformation, and archival loading to provide improved service through the readily accessible cloud intelligence outlet.展开更多
The rapid development of artificial intelligence(AI)technologies,like machine learning,deep learning,and other algorithms applied to the intelligent diagnostic and decision making,image interpretation,accurate classif...The rapid development of artificial intelligence(AI)technologies,like machine learning,deep learning,and other algorithms applied to the intelligent diagnostic and decision making,image interpretation,accurate classification,and prognostication of cardiovascular diseases,has led to broad application prospects and innovation po-tential.The digital and intelligent management model of cardiovascular disease is expected to improve the management level and efficiency of diseases and provide patients with more accurate,safe,and appropriate diagnosis and treatment methods.This review systematically introduces the common AI techniques in the field of cardiovascular computed tomography(CT),summarizes the current research and application progress of AI in cardiovascular CT,and provides its future perspectives.展开更多
The great D＇Oyly Carte star John Reed routinely substituted sly references to current politicians and events for the classic Gilbert and Sullivan lyrics he was supposed to be singing. When his audience responded with...The great D＇Oyly Carte star John Reed routinely substituted sly references to current politicians and events for the classic Gilbert and Sullivan lyrics he was supposed to be singing. When his audience responded with applause to a particular scene he had performed, he would sometimes tum to them and announce： ＂You liked that, did you？ Let＇s do it again!＂ And he did. Similar liberties in performance of classic scripts have been taken for centuries with Shakespeare and other canonical playwrights. As Andrea Goldman demonstrates to great effect in this marvelous new book, the gap ＂from page to stage＂ was particularly wide, and the innovations particularly significant, in opera performances in Qing Beijing.展开更多
Alloy selection and alloy design both require consideration of an array of material attributes, including in-service properties, weldability and fabricability. Critical properties of advanced wrought superalloys for g...Alloy selection and alloy design both require consideration of an array of material attributes, including in-service properties, weldability and fabricability. Critical properties of advanced wrought superalloys for gas turbine applications include high temperature strength, thermal stability, oxidation resistance and fatigue resistance. In this paper, the properties of twelve wrought solid-solution-strengthened and six age-hardenable superalloys are compared. Weldability is an important attribute and can be a major limiting factor in the use of certain alloys. Weldability test methods are discussed and the resistance of alloys to solidification cracking and strain-age cracking is compared. The use of weldability testing in the development of modern wrought su-peralloys is discussed with several examples cited. Finally, alloy selection for gas turbine components is outlined, taking into account both alloy properties and fabricability.展开更多
总部位于伦敦的SIMPSON SPENCE&YOUNG(SSY)航运研究机构,致力于航运咨询工作,来自香港公司的总经理MARTIN P ROWE博士最近在南京发表演讲,分析了世界海运与造船的趋势。他的报告大体包括四方面内容:整个世界新造船的整体趋势及船价...总部位于伦敦的SIMPSON SPENCE&YOUNG(SSY)航运研究机构,致力于航运咨询工作,来自香港公司的总经理MARTIN P ROWE博士最近在南京发表演讲,分析了世界海运与造船的趋势。他的报告大体包括四方面内容:整个世界新造船的整体趋势及船价走势;推动近年来航运和造船两个市场非常活跃的原因;干散货轮和油轮细分市场;中国船舶工业将来的机遇所在。展开更多
In recent years, the conservation of industrial heritage in China has gained increasing attention within the broader context of urban conservation practices. For both policy-makers and scholars, accommodating this ind...In recent years, the conservation of industrial heritage in China has gained increasing attention within the broader context of urban conservation practices. For both policy-makers and scholars, accommodating this industrial heritage will emerge as a pertinent issue for consideration as a growing number of industrial architectural legacies dating from the Republican and Maoist eras come under (re)development pressures. This paper thus traces the development of industrial heritage conservation practices in China and discusses several dilemmas intrinsic to this type of conservation, including issues of authenticity, representativeness, and distinction. Based on comparative case studies from China and other international precedents, this paper also seeks to illustrate the different approaches that could be pursued while still attaining a balance between competing interests and claims.展开更多
<p align="justify"> <span style="font-family:Verdana;"><strong>Purpose:</strong> Overweight individuals are at risk of intermediate hyperglycemia (IHG) [<a href="#re...<p align="justify"> <span style="font-family:Verdana;"><strong>Purpose:</strong> Overweight individuals are at risk of intermediate hyperglycemia (IHG) [<a href="#ref1">1</a>]. Increasing physical activity (PA) in IHG is one method to reduce the risk of glucometabolic and cardiovascular (CV) complications [<a href="#ref2">2</a>]. This study investigates walking to music as a modality to increase moderate intensity PA and regulate glucometabolic disturbances. <strong>Patients and Methods: </strong>Participants were randomized to usual care (UC) or intervention group (IG) who completed a 6 month walking to music program. Physiological assessments for a range of variables (DEXA, flow mediated dilatation (FMD) and glucometabolic biomarkers) were completed at baseline, 4, 6 and 9 months (follow-up). <strong>Results:</strong> For IG group, walking compliance decreased with time however 71.4%, 79.5% and 73% of walking completed was moderate intensity at 4, 6 and 9 months. At 6 months IG FMD was significantly lower than UC and HbA1Cwas 5% lower. Other physiological markers were not altered. <strong>Conclusion:</strong> Walking to music may be a novel method to encourage moderate intensity PA. However, the majority of results demonstrate that this intervention was not more effective than UC in managing glucometabolic and CV biomarkers in IHG. Future interventions should include additional support for the entire study duration however this has cost implications.</span> </p>展开更多
Mesoamerica and the Caribbean are low-latitude regions at risk for the effects of climate change. Global climate models provide large-scale assessment of climate drivers, but, at a horizontal resolution of 100 km, can...Mesoamerica and the Caribbean are low-latitude regions at risk for the effects of climate change. Global climate models provide large-scale assessment of climate drivers, but, at a horizontal resolution of 100 km, cannot resolve the effects of topography and land use as they impact the local temperature and precipitation that are keys to climate impacts. We developed a robust dynamical downscaling strategy that used the WRF regional climate model to downscale at 4 - 12 km resolution GCM results. Model verification demonstrates the need for such resolution of topography in order to properly simulate temperatures. Precipitation is more difficult to evaluate, being highly variable in time and space. Overall, a 36 km resolution is inadequate;12 km appears reasonable, especially in regions of low topography, but the 4 km resolution provides the best match with observations. This represents a tradeoff between model resolution and the computational effort needed to make simulations. A key goal is to provide climate change specialists in each country with the information they need to evaluate possible future climate change impacts.展开更多
基金supported by a grant from the Cancer Research UK,London(Programme Award C5575/A15032)
文摘In 1964,a new herpesvirus,Epstein-Barr virus(EBV),was discovered in cultured tumor cells derived from a Burkitt lymphoma(BL)biopsy taken from an African patient.This was a momentous event that reinvigorated research into viruses as a possible cause of human cancers.Subsequent studies demonstrated that EBV was a potent growth-transforming agent for primary B cells,and that all cases of BL carried characteristic chromosomal translocations resulting in constitutive activation of the c-MYC oncogene.These results hinted at simple oncogenic mechanisms that would make Burkitt lymphoma paradigmatic for cancers with viral etiology.In reality,the pathogenesis of this tumor is rather complicated with regard to both the contribution of the virus and the involvement of cellular oncogenes.Here,we review the current understanding of the roles of EBV and c-MYC in the pathogenesis of BL and the implications for new therapeutic strategies to treat this lymphoma.
基金Supported by Innovate UK(Technology Strategy Board)Advancing the Development and Application of Non-Animal Technologies Project:3D cell culture model for studying NonAlcoholic Fatty Liver Disease(NAFLD)-Ref:131720
文摘AIM To develop a human in vitro model of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD), utilising primary hepatocytes cultured in a three-dimensional(3D) perfused platform. METHODS Fat and lean culture media were developed to directly investigate the effects of fat loading on primary hepatocytes cultured in a 3D perfused culture system. Oil Red O staining was used to measure fat loading in the hepatocytes and the consumption of free fatty acids(FFA) from culture medium was monitored. Hepatic functions, gene expression profiles and adipokine release were compared for cells cultured in fat and lean conditions. To determine if fat loading in the system could be modulated hepatocytes were treated with known anti-steatotic compounds. RESULTS Hepatocytes cultured in fat medium were found to accumulate three times more fat than lean cells and fat uptake was continuous over a 14-d culture. Fat loading of hepatocytes did not cause any hepatotoxicity and significantly increased albumin production. Numerous adipokines were expressed by fatty cells and genes associated with NAFLD and liver disease were upregulated including: Insulin-like growth factorbinding protein 1, fatty acid-binding protein 3 and CYP7A1. The metabolic activity of hepatocytes cultured in fatty conditions was found to be impaired and the activities of CYP3A4 and CYP2C9 were significantlyreduced, similar to observations made in NAFLD patients. The utility of the model for drug screening was demonstrated by measuring the effects of known antisteatotic compounds. Hepatocytes, cultured under fatty conditions and treated with metformin, had a reduced cellular fat content compared to untreated controls and consumed less FFA from cell culture medium.CONCLUSION The 3D in vitro NAFLD model recapitulates many features of clinical NAFLD and is an ideal tool for analysing the efficacy of anti-steatotic compounds.
文摘Instant Digital Express iDEAL-CIO The “Magic Lamp” for Cloud Intelligence Outlet, which has been recommended, combines innovations to satisfy modern users’ needs and efficiently sift through the ever-expanding amount of intelligent content stored in the cloud. One such innovation introduces a ground-breaking concept to remove superfluous and outdated sequential search patterns that overwhelm the user and computer in order to better serve the user in an eclectic & elastic and multidimensional approach to finding, grouping, assimilation, organizing, and delivering archival content. The cloud intelligence outlet (CIO) is presented in this article as the perfect magic lamp option for quick digital express advocacy. The grouping, indexing, folding, and targeting (GIFT) method of multidimensional online synthetic/analytical intelligent content (MOSAIC) for adaptive intelligence is the fundamental intelligent aggregation and automated process of the Magic Lamp. Three perspectives above this new ideal framework are available to observe: The Magic Lamp proposes contextual and multiple analytical tracks to improve cloud intelligence services conceptually. Technically speaking, MOSAIC combines domain-specific services for a wide range of international users, and through the usage of Cloud Intelligence Outlet, GIFT operationally activates grouping, indexing, folding, and targeting to promote decent experience and in-depth research on target for users’ wants. Because of this, iDEAL-CIO works in tandem with cloud extraction, digital transformation, and archival loading to provide improved service through the readily accessible cloud intelligence outlet.
基金supported by the Key Project of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(82230068).
文摘The rapid development of artificial intelligence(AI)technologies,like machine learning,deep learning,and other algorithms applied to the intelligent diagnostic and decision making,image interpretation,accurate classification,and prognostication of cardiovascular diseases,has led to broad application prospects and innovation po-tential.The digital and intelligent management model of cardiovascular disease is expected to improve the management level and efficiency of diseases and provide patients with more accurate,safe,and appropriate diagnosis and treatment methods.This review systematically introduces the common AI techniques in the field of cardiovascular computed tomography(CT),summarizes the current research and application progress of AI in cardiovascular CT,and provides its future perspectives.
文摘The great D＇Oyly Carte star John Reed routinely substituted sly references to current politicians and events for the classic Gilbert and Sullivan lyrics he was supposed to be singing. When his audience responded with applause to a particular scene he had performed, he would sometimes tum to them and announce： ＂You liked that, did you？ Let＇s do it again!＂ And he did. Similar liberties in performance of classic scripts have been taken for centuries with Shakespeare and other canonical playwrights. As Andrea Goldman demonstrates to great effect in this marvelous new book, the gap ＂from page to stage＂ was particularly wide, and the innovations particularly significant, in opera performances in Qing Beijing.
文摘Alloy selection and alloy design both require consideration of an array of material attributes, including in-service properties, weldability and fabricability. Critical properties of advanced wrought superalloys for gas turbine applications include high temperature strength, thermal stability, oxidation resistance and fatigue resistance. In this paper, the properties of twelve wrought solid-solution-strengthened and six age-hardenable superalloys are compared. Weldability is an important attribute and can be a major limiting factor in the use of certain alloys. Weldability test methods are discussed and the resistance of alloys to solidification cracking and strain-age cracking is compared. The use of weldability testing in the development of modern wrought su-peralloys is discussed with several examples cited. Finally, alloy selection for gas turbine components is outlined, taking into account both alloy properties and fabricability.
文摘总部位于伦敦的SIMPSON SPENCE&YOUNG(SSY)航运研究机构,致力于航运咨询工作,来自香港公司的总经理MARTIN P ROWE博士最近在南京发表演讲,分析了世界海运与造船的趋势。他的报告大体包括四方面内容:整个世界新造船的整体趋势及船价走势;推动近年来航运和造船两个市场非常活跃的原因;干散货轮和油轮细分市场;中国船舶工业将来的机遇所在。
文摘In recent years, the conservation of industrial heritage in China has gained increasing attention within the broader context of urban conservation practices. For both policy-makers and scholars, accommodating this industrial heritage will emerge as a pertinent issue for consideration as a growing number of industrial architectural legacies dating from the Republican and Maoist eras come under (re)development pressures. This paper thus traces the development of industrial heritage conservation practices in China and discusses several dilemmas intrinsic to this type of conservation, including issues of authenticity, representativeness, and distinction. Based on comparative case studies from China and other international precedents, this paper also seeks to illustrate the different approaches that could be pursued while still attaining a balance between competing interests and claims.
文摘<p align="justify"> <span style="font-family:Verdana;"><strong>Purpose:</strong> Overweight individuals are at risk of intermediate hyperglycemia (IHG) [<a href="#ref1">1</a>]. Increasing physical activity (PA) in IHG is one method to reduce the risk of glucometabolic and cardiovascular (CV) complications [<a href="#ref2">2</a>]. This study investigates walking to music as a modality to increase moderate intensity PA and regulate glucometabolic disturbances. <strong>Patients and Methods: </strong>Participants were randomized to usual care (UC) or intervention group (IG) who completed a 6 month walking to music program. Physiological assessments for a range of variables (DEXA, flow mediated dilatation (FMD) and glucometabolic biomarkers) were completed at baseline, 4, 6 and 9 months (follow-up). <strong>Results:</strong> For IG group, walking compliance decreased with time however 71.4%, 79.5% and 73% of walking completed was moderate intensity at 4, 6 and 9 months. At 6 months IG FMD was significantly lower than UC and HbA1Cwas 5% lower. Other physiological markers were not altered. <strong>Conclusion:</strong> Walking to music may be a novel method to encourage moderate intensity PA. However, the majority of results demonstrate that this intervention was not more effective than UC in managing glucometabolic and CV biomarkers in IHG. Future interventions should include additional support for the entire study duration however this has cost implications.</span> </p>
文摘Mesoamerica and the Caribbean are low-latitude regions at risk for the effects of climate change. Global climate models provide large-scale assessment of climate drivers, but, at a horizontal resolution of 100 km, cannot resolve the effects of topography and land use as they impact the local temperature and precipitation that are keys to climate impacts. We developed a robust dynamical downscaling strategy that used the WRF regional climate model to downscale at 4 - 12 km resolution GCM results. Model verification demonstrates the need for such resolution of topography in order to properly simulate temperatures. Precipitation is more difficult to evaluate, being highly variable in time and space. Overall, a 36 km resolution is inadequate;12 km appears reasonable, especially in regions of low topography, but the 4 km resolution provides the best match with observations. This represents a tradeoff between model resolution and the computational effort needed to make simulations. A key goal is to provide climate change specialists in each country with the information they need to evaluate possible future climate change impacts.
