AIM:To evaluate the flipped classroom model for teaching horizontal strabismus didactics in an ophthalmology residency program in China as part of a visiting professorship from the United States.METHODS:Residents from...AIM:To evaluate the flipped classroom model for teaching horizontal strabismus didactics in an ophthalmology residency program in China as part of a visiting professorship from the United States.METHODS:Residents from an ophthalmology residency program in China were invited to participate in flipped classroom sessions taught by an experienced American ophthalmology faculty in 2018.Residents were instructed to watch a pre-class video lecture prior to the in-class-casebased activity.Content tests(5 Ophthalmic Knowledge Assessment Program style questions)and surveys were administered before and after the classroom sessions(100%response rate).These results were compared to that of an American cohort who were taught the same content.RESULTS:The Chinese cohort of 12 residents preferred the flipped classroom to the traditional classroom at higher rates than the American cohort of 40 residents(92%vs 55%,P=0.04)and felt that all ophthalmology topics would be appropriate for the flipped classroom teaching style(P-values between 0.008 and<0.001).In both Chinese and American cohorts,we found that the exotropia curriculum saw a small but significant improvement in performance following the flipped classroom session(P=0.025 for Chinese residents;P=0.001 for US residents),whereas scores in both groups for the esotropia course did not significantly improve.CONCLUSION:This is the first study to evaluate the flipped classroom model implemented by a visiting ophthalmology professor in a global outreach setting.The flipped classroom sessions are viewed favorably by the Chinese residents relative to the US cohort with a modest impact on knowledge.Decreased in-person interpreter requirement and increased student engagement make this model valuable in cross-cultural visiting professorship settings.Finally,the flipped classroom may lend itself well to a virtual format to prevent the transmission of COVID-19,although such a format requires further study.展开更多
Human height is a highly heritable trait in which multiple genes are involved. Recent genome-wide association studies （GWASs） have identified that COL11A1 is an important susceptibility gene for hu- man height. To d...Human height is a highly heritable trait in which multiple genes are involved. Recent genome-wide association studies （GWASs） have identified that COL11A1 is an important susceptibility gene for hu- man height. To determine whether the variants of COL11A 1 are associated with adult and children height, we analyzed splicing and coding single-nucleotide variants across COL11A1 through exome-targeted sequencing and two validation stages with a total 20,426 Chinese Han samples. A total of 105 variants were identified by exome-targeted sequencing, of which 30 SNPs were located in coding region. The strongest association signal was chrl 103380393 with P value of 4.8 × 10-7. Chrl_103380393 also showed nominal significance in the validation stage （P = 1.21×10 6）. Combined analysis of 16,738 samples strengthened the original association of chrl 103380393 with adult height （Pcombinea - 3.1×10 8）, with an increased height of 0.292sd （standard deviation） per G allele （95% CI： 0.19-0.40）. There was no evidence （P = 0.843） showing that chrl 103380393 altered child height in 3688 child samples. Only the group of 12-15 years showed slight significance with P value of 0.0258. This study firstly shows that genetic variants of COL11A1 contribute to adult height in Chinese Han population but not to children height, which expand our knowledge of the genetic factors underlying height variation and the biological regulation of human height.展开更多
基金Supported by unrestricted grants from the National Institutes of Health CORE grant(No.EY001730)Research to Prevent Blindness to the University of Washington Department of Ophthalmology。
文摘AIM:To evaluate the flipped classroom model for teaching horizontal strabismus didactics in an ophthalmology residency program in China as part of a visiting professorship from the United States.METHODS:Residents from an ophthalmology residency program in China were invited to participate in flipped classroom sessions taught by an experienced American ophthalmology faculty in 2018.Residents were instructed to watch a pre-class video lecture prior to the in-class-casebased activity.Content tests(5 Ophthalmic Knowledge Assessment Program style questions)and surveys were administered before and after the classroom sessions(100%response rate).These results were compared to that of an American cohort who were taught the same content.RESULTS:The Chinese cohort of 12 residents preferred the flipped classroom to the traditional classroom at higher rates than the American cohort of 40 residents(92%vs 55%,P=0.04)and felt that all ophthalmology topics would be appropriate for the flipped classroom teaching style(P-values between 0.008 and<0.001).In both Chinese and American cohorts,we found that the exotropia curriculum saw a small but significant improvement in performance following the flipped classroom session(P=0.025 for Chinese residents;P=0.001 for US residents),whereas scores in both groups for the esotropia course did not significantly improve.CONCLUSION:This is the first study to evaluate the flipped classroom model implemented by a visiting ophthalmology professor in a global outreach setting.The flipped classroom sessions are viewed favorably by the Chinese residents relative to the US cohort with a modest impact on knowledge.Decreased in-person interpreter requirement and increased student engagement make this model valuable in cross-cultural visiting professorship settings.Finally,the flipped classroom may lend itself well to a virtual format to prevent the transmission of COVID-19,although such a format requires further study.
基金supported by the grant from the Youth National Science Foundation of China (No.31100908)
文摘Human height is a highly heritable trait in which multiple genes are involved. Recent genome-wide association studies （GWASs） have identified that COL11A1 is an important susceptibility gene for hu- man height. To determine whether the variants of COL11A 1 are associated with adult and children height, we analyzed splicing and coding single-nucleotide variants across COL11A1 through exome-targeted sequencing and two validation stages with a total 20,426 Chinese Han samples. A total of 105 variants were identified by exome-targeted sequencing, of which 30 SNPs were located in coding region. The strongest association signal was chrl 103380393 with P value of 4.8 × 10-7. Chrl_103380393 also showed nominal significance in the validation stage （P = 1.21×10 6）. Combined analysis of 16,738 samples strengthened the original association of chrl 103380393 with adult height （Pcombinea - 3.1×10 8）, with an increased height of 0.292sd （standard deviation） per G allele （95% CI： 0.19-0.40）. There was no evidence （P = 0.843） showing that chrl 103380393 altered child height in 3688 child samples. Only the group of 12-15 years showed slight significance with P value of 0.0258. This study firstly shows that genetic variants of COL11A1 contribute to adult height in Chinese Han population but not to children height, which expand our knowledge of the genetic factors underlying height variation and the biological regulation of human height.
