In Chinas transition and economic development, temporary migration, lack of basic socialsecurity arrangements for migrants, and frequent administrative land reallocation in ruralareas and abusive rural land requisitio...In Chinas transition and economic development, temporary migration, lack of basic socialsecurity arrangements for migrants, and frequent administrative land reallocation in ruralareas and abusive rural land requisition in the urbanization process are all importantpolicy issues that have been studied intensively with lots of policy recommendations. However,these issues are closely related and need to be explored under an integrated framework thattakes into account Chinas large size and characteristics in economic development andtransition. The paper aims to establish such an analytical framework and proposes a policypackage to systematically address these issues. Implications from such proposed policypackage are also discussed and compared to other policy recommendations.展开更多
The gonads of sea urchins(Strongylocentrotus intermedius) are characterized by high levels of arachidonic acid(ARA, 20:4 n-6) and eicosapentaenoic acid(EPA, 20:5 n-3). However, to our knowledge, little information is ...The gonads of sea urchins(Strongylocentrotus intermedius) are characterized by high levels of arachidonic acid(ARA, 20:4 n-6) and eicosapentaenoic acid(EPA, 20:5 n-3). However, to our knowledge, little information is available regarding the physiological response of adult sea urchins to dietary ARA. In the present study, four dietary feeds were formulated with graded ARA(0, 0.5%, 1%, and 2% dry diet). Each diet was randomly allocated to three cages during a 56-day feeding experiment. The results showed that the sea urchin weight gain rate(WGR) and the gonadosomatic index(GI) significantly increased as ARA was equal to or above 1.0% of dry diet(P < 0.05). The activities of superoxide dismutase(SOD), catalase(CAT), and total anti-oxidative capacity(T-AOC) were the highest in the coelomic fluid of sea urchins that were fed diets with 1% ARA. The total essential amino acid(TEAA) and its ratio to total non-essential amino acid(TNEAA) showed a similar tendency to WGR and GI as dietary ARA increased, and the highest TEAA and TEAA/TNEAA were observed in the gonads of sea urchins that were fed diets with 1% ARA. Levels of ARA and ARA/EPA of the gonads increased while n-3/n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid(PUFA) decreased with the increase of dietary ARA(P < 0.05). EPA in the gonads of experimental animals fed with formulated feeds showed no significant differences(P> 0.05), but was significantly lower than those fed with kelp(P < 0.05). These results suggested that relatively higher levels of ARA(1% dry diet) significantly promoted growth, gonad development, activities of antioxidant enzymes, as well as nutritional values(TEAA, TEAA/TNEAA, and PUFA) of adult S. intermedius.展开更多
AIM: To isolate the subtypes of 3′ region of cagA gene in Helicobacter pylori (H pylon) strains from Zhejiang Province in China and to investigate their relations to H pylori-associated gastroduodenal diseases. METHO...AIM: To isolate the subtypes of 3′ region of cagA gene in Helicobacter pylori (H pylon) strains from Zhejiang Province in China and to investigate their relations to H pylori-associated gastroduodenal diseases. METHODS: One hundred and thirty-seven H pylori clinical strains were isolated from the gastric mucosa specimens of 74 patients with chronic gastritis, 61 with peptic ulceration, and 2 with gastric cancer. Bacterial genomic DNA was extracted and 3′ region of cagA gene was amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Subtypes of 3′ region of cagA gene were determined by the size of PCR amplified segments. The sequences of the subtypes were analyzed by PCR-based sequencing. RESULTS: Of the 137 H pyloriisolates from Zhejiang Province, 132 (96.4%) yielded PCR products that could be classified into three groups of subtypes, named as subtypes Ⅰ, Ⅱ, and Ⅲ according to their sizes. The sizes of subtypes Ⅰ, Ⅱ, and Ⅲ were 648-650bp, 705-707bp, and 815bp, respectively. Among the 132 cagA-positive H pylori strains, 123(93.2%) belonged to the group of subtype Ⅰ, 6 (4.5%) presented subtype Ⅱ, 1(0.8%) was subtype Ⅲ, and 2(1.5%) presented subtypes Ⅰ and Ⅲ both. The primary structure of subtype Ⅰ was composed of 3 repeats of R1, 1 repeat of R2 and 1 repeat of R3. Subtype Ⅱ possessing 4 repeats of R1, 2 repeats of R2 and 1 repeat of R3 was a newly found type of 3′ region of cagA gene which had not been reported before. The primary structure of subtype Ⅲ consisted of 4 repeats of R1, Ⅰ repeat of R2 and 2 repeats of R3. Comparison of the sequences of subtype Ⅰ strains with the corresponding sequences deposited in GenBank, showed a similarity of 95.0% (94.0-96.1%) for nucleotide sequences and 95.9% (94.9-97.4%) for deduced amino acid sequences. Comparison of the sequences of subtype Ⅲ strains with the corresponding sequences deposited in GenBank, showed a similarity of 93.9% (90.8-96.9%) for nucleotide sequences and 93.2% (90.2-96.2%) for deduced amino acid sequences. Among subtype Ⅱ展开更多
This study was conducted to investigate the effect of dietary protein concentration(12%,18%,24%,30% and 36%)on the growth performance,activity of anti-oxidative enzymes and heat shock protein 70(HSP70)transcription in...This study was conducted to investigate the effect of dietary protein concentration(12%,18%,24%,30% and 36%)on the growth performance,activity of anti-oxidative enzymes and heat shock protein 70(HSP70)transcription in the sea urchin(Strongylocentrotus intermedius)under a heat stress.After 112 days of feeding trial the sea urchins were heat stressed(26C)and the coelomic fluid and intestine sampled at time 0 and 15 min,2 h and 6 h.The results showed that an increase in dietary protein(12%-24%),significantly increased(p<0.05)the sea urchin weight gain rate(WGR).As dietary protein increased(from 18% to 36%),the gonadosomatic index(GI)of juvenile sea urchins also significantly increased(p<0.05)from 18.0%to 22.6%.Superoxide dismutase(SOD)activity increased with dietary protein increase(12%-30%)and the enzyme activity was significantly higher(p<0.05)in the coelomic fluid of sea urchins that were fed with 30% diets when compared to 12% and 36% protein diets at all time points after the heat stress.Catalase(CAT)activity showed a similar tendency with the increase in dietary protein concentration at time 0 and 15 min after the heat stress(p<0.05).Transcription of HSP70 in the intestine also showed a similar trend to SOD and was highest in the animals that were fed with 30% protein diets(p<0.05).Our results suggest that 24% protein diets could meet the requirements for growth performance but a 30% protein diet resulted in improved gonad development and anti-heat stress capacity in this sea urchin species.展开更多
AIM: To determine the prevalence of genotypes of cagⅡ in Helicobacter pylori( H pylon)-infected patients in Zhejiang Province and investigate the relationship between these genotypes and the types of gastroduodenal d...AIM: To determine the prevalence of genotypes of cagⅡ in Helicobacter pylori( H pylon)-infected patients in Zhejiang Province and investigate the relationship between these genotypes and the types of gastroduodenal diseases.METHODS: One hundred and seventy one clinical isolates were collected from 70 chronic superficial gastritis, 31 chronic atrophic gastritis, 41 gastric ulcer, 21 duodenal ulcer, 3 gastric and duodenal ulcer, and 5 gastric adenocarcinoma patients. Polymerase chain reaction assays were performed for analysis of cagT, ORF13 and ORF10 genes in the cagⅡ region.RESULTS: Of 171 Hpyloriisolates from Zhejiang patients,159(93.0%) were positive for all the three loci. One isolate (0.6%) was negative for all the three loci, and 11(6.4%) were partially deleted in cagⅡ. The positive rates of cagT,ORF13 and ORF10 genes were 97.1%, 94.7% and 99.4%,respectively. In the strains isolated from the patients with diseases including chronic superficial gastritis, chronic atrophic gastritis, gastric ulcer and duodenal ulcer, the sitive rates of cagT were 95.7%, 100.0%, 95.1% and 100.0%, respectively. The positive rates of ORF13 were 94.3%, 93.5%, 95.1% and 100.0%, respectively. The sitive rates of ORF10 were 98.6%,100.0%,100.0% and 100.0%, respectively. The three genes were all positive in the three H pylori strains isolated from the patients with both gastric and duodenal ulcer. In the five strains isolated from the patients with gastric adenocarcinoma,only one isolate was negative for ORF13. There were no significant differences of the cagT, ORF13 and ORF10 genes among the different gastroduodenal diseases including chronic superficial gastritis, chronic atrophic gastritis,gastric ulcer, duodenal ulcer, both gastric and duodenal ulcer and gastric adenocarcinoma (χ^2=3.098, P＞0.05 for cagT;χ^2=3.935, P＞0.05 for ORF13 and χ^2=6.328,P＞0.05 for ORF10).CONCLUSION: The cagⅡ is not a uniform and conserved entity. Although the genes in cagⅡ are highly associated with the gastroduodenal diseases, the clini展开更多
文摘In Chinas transition and economic development, temporary migration, lack of basic socialsecurity arrangements for migrants, and frequent administrative land reallocation in ruralareas and abusive rural land requisition in the urbanization process are all importantpolicy issues that have been studied intensively with lots of policy recommendations. However,these issues are closely related and need to be explored under an integrated framework thattakes into account Chinas large size and characteristics in economic development andtransition. The paper aims to establish such an analytical framework and proposes a policypackage to systematically address these issues. Implications from such proposed policypackage are also discussed and compared to other policy recommendations.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 41606180)Young Elite Scientists Sponsorship (No. YESS20150157)
文摘The gonads of sea urchins(Strongylocentrotus intermedius) are characterized by high levels of arachidonic acid(ARA, 20:4 n-6) and eicosapentaenoic acid(EPA, 20:5 n-3). However, to our knowledge, little information is available regarding the physiological response of adult sea urchins to dietary ARA. In the present study, four dietary feeds were formulated with graded ARA(0, 0.5%, 1%, and 2% dry diet). Each diet was randomly allocated to three cages during a 56-day feeding experiment. The results showed that the sea urchin weight gain rate(WGR) and the gonadosomatic index(GI) significantly increased as ARA was equal to or above 1.0% of dry diet(P < 0.05). The activities of superoxide dismutase(SOD), catalase(CAT), and total anti-oxidative capacity(T-AOC) were the highest in the coelomic fluid of sea urchins that were fed diets with 1% ARA. The total essential amino acid(TEAA) and its ratio to total non-essential amino acid(TNEAA) showed a similar tendency to WGR and GI as dietary ARA increased, and the highest TEAA and TEAA/TNEAA were observed in the gonads of sea urchins that were fed diets with 1% ARA. Levels of ARA and ARA/EPA of the gonads increased while n-3/n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid(PUFA) decreased with the increase of dietary ARA(P < 0.05). EPA in the gonads of experimental animals fed with formulated feeds showed no significant differences(P> 0.05), but was significantly lower than those fed with kelp(P < 0.05). These results suggested that relatively higher levels of ARA(1% dry diet) significantly promoted growth, gonad development, activities of antioxidant enzymes, as well as nutritional values(TEAA, TEAA/TNEAA, and PUFA) of adult S. intermedius.
基金Supported by China Medical Board,No.96-628,and Natural Science Fund of Zhejiang Province,No.302023
文摘AIM: To isolate the subtypes of 3′ region of cagA gene in Helicobacter pylori (H pylon) strains from Zhejiang Province in China and to investigate their relations to H pylori-associated gastroduodenal diseases. METHODS: One hundred and thirty-seven H pylori clinical strains were isolated from the gastric mucosa specimens of 74 patients with chronic gastritis, 61 with peptic ulceration, and 2 with gastric cancer. Bacterial genomic DNA was extracted and 3′ region of cagA gene was amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Subtypes of 3′ region of cagA gene were determined by the size of PCR amplified segments. The sequences of the subtypes were analyzed by PCR-based sequencing. RESULTS: Of the 137 H pyloriisolates from Zhejiang Province, 132 (96.4%) yielded PCR products that could be classified into three groups of subtypes, named as subtypes Ⅰ, Ⅱ, and Ⅲ according to their sizes. The sizes of subtypes Ⅰ, Ⅱ, and Ⅲ were 648-650bp, 705-707bp, and 815bp, respectively. Among the 132 cagA-positive H pylori strains, 123(93.2%) belonged to the group of subtype Ⅰ, 6 (4.5%) presented subtype Ⅱ, 1(0.8%) was subtype Ⅲ, and 2(1.5%) presented subtypes Ⅰ and Ⅲ both. The primary structure of subtype Ⅰ was composed of 3 repeats of R1, 1 repeat of R2 and 1 repeat of R3. Subtype Ⅱ possessing 4 repeats of R1, 2 repeats of R2 and 1 repeat of R3 was a newly found type of 3′ region of cagA gene which had not been reported before. The primary structure of subtype Ⅲ consisted of 4 repeats of R1, Ⅰ repeat of R2 and 2 repeats of R3. Comparison of the sequences of subtype Ⅰ strains with the corresponding sequences deposited in GenBank, showed a similarity of 95.0% (94.0-96.1%) for nucleotide sequences and 95.9% (94.9-97.4%) for deduced amino acid sequences. Comparison of the sequences of subtype Ⅲ strains with the corresponding sequences deposited in GenBank, showed a similarity of 93.9% (90.8-96.9%) for nucleotide sequences and 93.2% (90.2-96.2%) for deduced amino acid sequences. Among subtype Ⅱ
基金This research was supported by the Chinese National 863 Proj-ect(2012AA10A412)Young Talents Elevating Project for China Association for Science and Technology.
文摘This study was conducted to investigate the effect of dietary protein concentration(12%,18%,24%,30% and 36%)on the growth performance,activity of anti-oxidative enzymes and heat shock protein 70(HSP70)transcription in the sea urchin(Strongylocentrotus intermedius)under a heat stress.After 112 days of feeding trial the sea urchins were heat stressed(26C)and the coelomic fluid and intestine sampled at time 0 and 15 min,2 h and 6 h.The results showed that an increase in dietary protein(12%-24%),significantly increased(p<0.05)the sea urchin weight gain rate(WGR).As dietary protein increased(from 18% to 36%),the gonadosomatic index(GI)of juvenile sea urchins also significantly increased(p<0.05)from 18.0%to 22.6%.Superoxide dismutase(SOD)activity increased with dietary protein increase(12%-30%)and the enzyme activity was significantly higher(p<0.05)in the coelomic fluid of sea urchins that were fed with 30% diets when compared to 12% and 36% protein diets at all time points after the heat stress.Catalase(CAT)activity showed a similar tendency with the increase in dietary protein concentration at time 0 and 15 min after the heat stress(p<0.05).Transcription of HSP70 in the intestine also showed a similar trend to SOD and was highest in the animals that were fed with 30% protein diets(p<0.05).Our results suggest that 24% protein diets could meet the requirements for growth performance but a 30% protein diet resulted in improved gonad development and anti-heat stress capacity in this sea urchin species.
基金Supported by the Project of China Medical Board,No.96-628,and the Natural Science Foundation of Zheiiang Province,No.302023
文摘AIM: To determine the prevalence of genotypes of cagⅡ in Helicobacter pylori( H pylon)-infected patients in Zhejiang Province and investigate the relationship between these genotypes and the types of gastroduodenal diseases.METHODS: One hundred and seventy one clinical isolates were collected from 70 chronic superficial gastritis, 31 chronic atrophic gastritis, 41 gastric ulcer, 21 duodenal ulcer, 3 gastric and duodenal ulcer, and 5 gastric adenocarcinoma patients. Polymerase chain reaction assays were performed for analysis of cagT, ORF13 and ORF10 genes in the cagⅡ region.RESULTS: Of 171 Hpyloriisolates from Zhejiang patients,159(93.0%) were positive for all the three loci. One isolate (0.6%) was negative for all the three loci, and 11(6.4%) were partially deleted in cagⅡ. The positive rates of cagT,ORF13 and ORF10 genes were 97.1%, 94.7% and 99.4%,respectively. In the strains isolated from the patients with diseases including chronic superficial gastritis, chronic atrophic gastritis, gastric ulcer and duodenal ulcer, the sitive rates of cagT were 95.7%, 100.0%, 95.1% and 100.0%, respectively. The positive rates of ORF13 were 94.3%, 93.5%, 95.1% and 100.0%, respectively. The sitive rates of ORF10 were 98.6%,100.0%,100.0% and 100.0%, respectively. The three genes were all positive in the three H pylori strains isolated from the patients with both gastric and duodenal ulcer. In the five strains isolated from the patients with gastric adenocarcinoma,only one isolate was negative for ORF13. There were no significant differences of the cagT, ORF13 and ORF10 genes among the different gastroduodenal diseases including chronic superficial gastritis, chronic atrophic gastritis,gastric ulcer, duodenal ulcer, both gastric and duodenal ulcer and gastric adenocarcinoma (χ^2=3.098, P＞0.05 for cagT;χ^2=3.935, P＞0.05 for ORF13 and χ^2=6.328,P＞0.05 for ORF10).CONCLUSION: The cagⅡ is not a uniform and conserved entity. Although the genes in cagⅡ are highly associated with the gastroduodenal diseases, the clini
